Dec 2020 in the Press

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Dec 2020 in the Press Defense News Dec 2020 In the Press How $56 Million In Funding Will Help One Mobile Antenna “We want to select Connect With Thousands Of everything within the field of view, using Satellites every satellite in the sky, Can you imagine the Earth orbit. That ranges from the with a single piece of ancient Romans inspiring a behemoth GPS satellites far away technology” potential revolution in space to the ever-growing network of communications? satellites close to Earth built by In the fourth century, the Romans SpaceX and OneWeb and Telesat, created a cup that shows red light among others. when lit from behind, and green In five to 10 years, this means that when lit in front. The Lycurgus Cup a single device could connect with showed artists and innovators how satellites just about anywhere. It to play with and bend light, using could be just as helpful for fast glass embedded with tiny flecks Internet in a Congo community, of gold. And that was 1,600 years or getting information for soldiers ago, when the best long-distance deployed in remote Middle Eastern communication available was deserts. The system is still more through networks of fast horses than a year from readiness, but and nimble riders. with $56 million USD in backing to Nearly two millennia later, date, Isotropic now has a lucrative Isotropic Systems is building a contract in hand to test it with the satellite antenna to do the same U.S. military. thing as the cup: bend radio Read more waves, through the scientific field of transformational optics. Using minute alterations in its positioning, the hope is to make an antenna that can communicate with just about any satellite in any In the Press New high-speed Army satellites accelerate attacks on enemy tanks The Isotropic antenna will deliver high throughput, at low latency over a When an Air Force fighter jet or Given this, high-throughput, MEO constellation with bomber closes in on a high-value multi-frequency, multi-directional simultaneous resilient target area, poised for attack, antennas, coupled with secure GEO capacity. This is a or an Army ground unit moves to “meshed” networking between contact with an enemy, success or satellites, are considered crucial game changer for the failure of a given high-risk mission to war planners looking to favor U.S. Army can often hang in the balance success in missions by increasing of what can be described in two the strength and speed of space words – satellite networking. connectivity. Read more A sufficiently hardened, multi- directional signal can ensure that pilots quickly receive target coordinates, navigational details, or sensitive threat information of great relevance to the mission. Should target accuracy be compromised, signal fidelity jammed, or flight path compromised by threats from unanticipated directions, mission objectives can of course be destroyed and lives are put at risk. In the Press Isotropic Systems’ transformative to crack the code to develop new terminals are in milestone trials antenna technologies capable with the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy, of unlocking the full potential of Cracking The Connectivity aimed at delivering new LEO, new high throughput satellite GEO and MEO satellite-delivered capacity coming online in the 2022 Code For Defense connectivity to the battlespace. timeframe. And they are thrilled New high-powered satellites and that Isotropic Systems has cracked constellations in GEO, LEO, and the code. In fact, we’re in the latter MEO orbits are on the verge of phases of developing what has commercial launches over the recently been called the Holy Grail next two years. New-age capacity of terminals. in space, however, is only half of Our multi-beam antenna uses the equation to solve connectivity patented optical beamforming challenges that defense and lens technologies that allow the government agencies have government and armed forces struggled with for years across to arbitrage capacity from Scott Sprague battlefields around the world. commercial and military satellite Chief Commercial Officer There’s been a lot of focus on capacity over a single antenna to new high-powered satellite deliver data at the tactical edge constellations bringing a new era like never before. of connectivity to critical markets In a conversation with such as the military and defense. Read more MilsatMagazine, Scott Sprague, But the government can’t tap that CCO for Isotropic Systems, new age capacity without a new explains that high-throughput age antenna, correct? ground infrastructure is required to unleash new multi-orbit That’s absolutely right and connectivity across a broad range exactly why Isotropic Systems is of markets — especially mission so dedicated to redefining the critical defense initiatives. antenna market. Engineers with U.S. government and defense agencies have shared with our team how they’ve tried for years In the Press Scott Sprague of Isotropic Systems discusses a new generation of satellite antennas Our high-performance multi-beam terminals feature optical lens In March of this year, SES and The military has long hungered modules that are Isotropic Systems announced for a satellite terminal capable conformal to the fuselage that they were entering into a of conforming to small footprints of a plane, the deck of new phase of their collaborative – such as vehicles for mounted partnership to develop, “scalable, land operations, ships at sea and a ship, even a soldier’s cost-effective multi-beam customer aircraft – capable of connecting backpack. edge terminal antennas capable users to multiple satellites in of unlocking access to the multiple orbits. And that’s exactly groundbreaking O3b mPOWER what the partnership between system across government and Isotropic Systems and SES is defense, telco and cellular intended to deliver. backhaul, aerospace, maritime, and offshore markets.” Read more While many companies in the space and satellite industry treat every iteration and new development in their product catalog as a revolutionary step forward for the industry, as a whole, the collaboration between SES and Isotropic truly has the potential to deliver new, disruptive capabilities to end-users – especially for military users. In the Press Navy ships improve attack with new multi-beam satellite antenna “seamless make-before- break switching between satellites in multiple Targeting enemy ships, bouncing fleet, by arming ships for high- orbits, and continuous war data off of drones, detecting end massive warfare on the open connectivity during incoming ballistic missiles, seeing sea with a new generation of turbulent pitch-and-roll approaching small boat attacks advanced weapons. from over the horizon, intercepting conditions facing vessels The sea service plans to benefit traversing rough seas,” anti-ship missiles and ... perhaps from a recently awarded Defense most of all … networking surface, Innovation Unit evaluation air and undersea assets in real- and development contract time -- are all crucial elements with Isotropic Systems for new of the U.S. Navy’s emerging patented beam-forming antenna Distributed Maritime Operations technologies and circuits. The (DMO) tactical attack strategy. goal, according to Isotropic CEO John Finney, is to “fuse multi-band, Offensive attack maneuver, multi-orbit commercial and military fortified by advanced sensors capacity to deliver intelligence and dispersed across vast data at the tactical edge over a swaths of ocean, is one of the single platform.” tenets informing the Navy’s DMO Read more thinking. Surface ships will by design increasingly operate in a disaggregated fashion, armed with long-range weapons and sensors; it is part of a multi- year Navy pivot toward broadly increasing lethality and attack technology throughout the surface In the Press Despite multiple efforts and SMW: I understand that the millions of dollars invested Isotropic antenna has been in in development, success has development for around three The Isotropic Antenna: The remained elusive, and significant years. Is your first antenna Ku Perfect Solution for Aero? obstacles remain in place. or Ka-Band, and how far have Typically, flat panel phased you come in the development? arrays use large numbers of What is the initial target market, beam forming ICs, a requirement and when will the antennas be dictating an extensive array of commercially available? electronics that consumes vast Brian Billman: Our optical amounts of power, generates beam forming antenna is a new excessive heat, and is expensive to technology. So, in the beginning, manufacture. we didn?t have all the answers Isotropic Systems, a London-based and have been learning along the start-up, has designed, prototyped way. Throughout the development Brian Billman and tested a uniquely innovative process, we have been pushing VP of Product Development antenna that breaks through the envelope in terms of the these barriers. Using lenses that features we can offer. concentrate the RF signal, the Read more antenna design significantly reduces the number of electronic components, resulting in a terminal that uses considerably less power, With the coming of LEOs and achieves true time delay, duplex MEOs and the burgeoning operation, and can be produced demand for broadband on at a relatively low cost. commercial aircraft, satellite antenna developers are racing to To find out more about this unique develop a suitable phased array product and its potential in antenna. aero markets, we met with Brian Billman, Isotropic System’s V.P. of Product Management for Aero. In the Press Next generation antennas for NGSO satellites With small satellite constellations While a good number of ground becoming increasingly segment companies have already commonplace, the terrestrial exampled the use of traditional antennas used to track these parabolic antennas and VSATs, ‘fast-moving’ NGSO satellites which have been proven to are coming under increasing track ‘fast-moving’ satellites in scrutiny. Innovative new designs medium Earth orbit (MEO and far removed from traditional low Earth orbit (LEO) entirely parabolic antennas and VSATs satisfactorily, several innovative are coming to fruition.
Recommended publications
  • Satellite Constellations - 2021 Industry Survey and Trends
    [SSC21-XII-10] Satellite Constellations - 2021 Industry Survey and Trends Erik Kulu NewSpace Index, Nanosats Database, Kepler Communications [email protected] ABSTRACT Large satellite constellations are becoming reality. Starlink has launched over 1600 spacecraft in 2 years since the launch of the first batch, Planet has launched over 450, OneWeb more than 200, and counting. Every month new constellation projects are announced, some for novel applications. First part of the paper focuses on the industry survey of 251 commercial satellite constellations. Statistical overview of applications, form factors, statuses, manufacturers, founding years is presented including early stage and cancelled projects. Large number of commercial entities have launched at least one demonstrator satellite, but operational constellations have been much slower to follow. One reason could be that funding is commonly raised in stages and the sustainability of most business models remains to be proven. Second half of the paper examines constellations by selected applications and discusses trends in appli- cations, satellite masses, orbits and manufacturers over the past 5 years. Earliest applications challenged by NewSpace were AIS, Earth Observation, Internet of Things (IoT) and Broadband Internet. Recent years have seen diversification into majority of applications that have been planned or performed by governmental or military satellites, and beyond. INTRODUCTION but they are regarded to be fleets not constellations. There were much fewer Earth Observation com- NewSpace Index has tracked commercial satellite panies in 1990s and 2000s when compared to com- constellations since 2016. There are over 251 entries munications and unclear whether any large constel- as of May 2021, which likely makes it the largest lations were planned.
    [Show full text]
  • November 2020 Worldwide Satellite Magazine
    Worldwide Satellite Magazine SatMagazineSatMagazine November 2020 Cover image is couresy of Spacechips. CONNECTING YOU TO THE FUTURE SMALL PACKAGE. 1.35M FIT BIG GAIN. FLEXIBLE INTEGRATED TERMINAL ARSTRAT KA-BAND CERTIFICATION COMPUTER ASSISTED SATCAP MANUAL POINTING OR AUTO-AQUISITION BUILT-IN TUNER & BEACON RECEIVER TRI-BAND X, KU AND WIDEBAND KA FEEDS WITH QUICK CHANGE RF KITS MODULAR & FLEXIBLE MODEM, BUC & LNB OPTIONS SCALABLE: 75CM, 98CM & 1.35M SET-UP BY ONE PERSON IN MINUTES LIGHTWEIGHT IATA-COMPLIANT avltech.comCHECKABLE CASES avltech.com ENABLING YOUR AMBITIONS TO REACH THEIR TARGET Ariane 6 by 2020 Vega C by 2020 Customer-tailored for versatility, reliability, competitiveness. Publishing Operations Senior Columnists This Issue’s Authors Silvano Payne, Publisher + Executive Writer Chris Forrester, Broadgate Publications Rajan Bedi Will Mudge Simon Payne, Chief Technical Officer Karl Fuchs, iDirect Government Services Matteo L. Bemposti Brian O’Toole Hartley G. Lesser, Editorial Director Bob Gough, Goonhilly Earth Station John Dahlia Dr. Anthony Penderis Pattie Lesser, Executive Editor Rebecca M. Cowen-Hirsch, Inmarsat Mark Donaghy Greg Quiggle Donald McGee, Production Manager Ken Peterman, Viasat Joakim Espeland Daniel Smith Andy Bernard, Sales Director Giles Peeters, Track24 Defence Semir Hassanaly James Trevelyan Teresa Sanderson, Operations Director Koen Willems, ST Engineering Newtec John Innes Jean-Claude Tshipama Sean Payne, Business Development Director Dan Makinster, Technical Advisor Features Advertiser Index Advantech Wireless Technologies, Inc. .7 “New Space” Leads a Path on the Ground as well as in Space: . .8 How EO + GSaaS are Driving the Dynamic Ground Segment Transformation . AvL Technologies . .2 by Greg Quiggle, Kratos Arabsat Satellite . .31 European Union to Seek Pan-European Broadand-by-Satellite System? .
    [Show full text]
  • Download English Version
    O3b mPOWER Press Factsheet August 2020 O3b mPOWER As satellite plays a more prominent role in global communications, SES’s next-generation O3b mPOWER communications system builds on the proven commercial success of its current O3b Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) constellation, with breakthrough capacity, flexibility and innovations in spacecraft, ground systems, and intelligent software-driven network management, control and automation. Unlike other non-geostationary orbit satellite systems (NGSOs), the upcoming O3b mPOWER system is fully-funded, built on commercially proven technology, and based on a market-proven business case, eliminating business and operational risk for customers. Originally announced in 2017 and on target to launch in 2021, O3b mPOWER is backed by an ecosystem of technology partners and is designed for demanding applications with mobility, telecom, government and enterprise customers. Even before launch date, O3b mPOWER has achieved development and delivery milestones and has already announced major customer wins. SUCCESS OF O3b Key details include: Originally launched in 2013 to deliver • Full system: low-latency, fibre-like managed O3b mPOWER comprises an initial constellation of 11 high-throughput andlow- services, SES’s O3b was the first latency MEO satellites, extensive ground infrastructure and intelligent software and only fully NGSO broadband constellation. With a fleet of • Capacity: 20 MEO satellites, O3b supports: Terabit-level system capacity based on dynamic ability to deliver thousands ofuncontended managed
    [Show full text]
  • NSR White Paper Satellite Ground Network Virtualization
    NSR White Paper Satellite Ground Network Virtualization March 2020 NSR- Satellite Ground Network Virtualization ABSTRACT Satellite Ground Network Infrastructure is on the cusp of a fundamental change. Largely driven by massive, recent investments in space hardware, satellite communications (SATCOM) and Sat-to- Ground (EO, TT&C) sectors have witnessed a number of technological disruptions that have the potential to drastically alter the dynamics of a matured, five-decade old industry. Small “cubesats”, software-defined payloads1, new multi-orbit and multi-band satellite architectures, advancements in electronically steered antenna technology, and other developments such as cloud-based analytics are making space an exciting, but increasingly complex and dynamic marketplace. The interworking of satcom with Earth Observation (EO) technology and telecoms, as well as use of commercial platforms for government and defense programs are also being modulated by such transformational forces. The ground infrastructure is -naturally- a key element to In general in technology, support the full potential of these investments and if you own a platform innovations in space. However, despite a constant that's valuable, you can evolutionary track record at component levels, satellite monetize it. 2 ground networks -both at the core and at the edge- lack the scale and agility necessary to avoid the palpable risk of becoming bottlenecks. Increasingly, it is not about throughput or efficiency, but about the need of a more active, collaborative, and coordinated approach by ground network stakeholders. Players must promptly embrace speed and change. Adopt open standards and best practices. Embrace technologies from the larger telecom marketplace. Combined, these are the new Eric Schmidt requirements to unleash the full potential of space-based Chairman of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Problem Representation of Dynamic Resource Allocation for Flexible High
    Problem representation of dynamic resource allocation for flexible high throughput satellites Markus Guerster, Juan Jose Garau Luis, Edward Crawley, Bruce Cameron Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave 33-409 Cambridge, MA 02139 857-999-6103 {guerster, garau, crawley, bcameron}@mit.edu Abstract— Within the next years, flexible high-throughput (HT) The idea of providing broadband internet access through satellite with 100s-1000s of beams will be launched to provide space is not new. In the 90s, companies such as Iridium, broadband connectivity to a variety of customers on Earth. The Globalstar, and Orbcomm had similar ideas, but market user demand, especially in the mobility sector, is expected to uptake was poor [8-10]. However, over the past two decades, have large diurnal variations. To follow this dynamic demand behavior, many HT satellites will be equipped with flexible technological developments such as digital communication power and bandwidth capabilities. This flexibility comes with a payloads, advanced modulation, multi-beam antennas, and large number of adjustable parameters. Optimization of these advanced manufacturing are used by the new generation of parameters ensures that the demand can be met with the communication satellites. These advances lead to minimum required resources, resulting in an efficient utilization performance increases (in terms of data throughput) while at of assets on orbit. The challenge lies in the high dimensionality the same time reducing capital and operational costs. This of the problem, where manual resource allocation will quickly cost reductions could increase the competitiveness of satellite become impractical. This paper develops a representation of the broadband access relative to terrestrial broadband solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Daniel Mah VP Legal & Regulatory Affairs EMEA & APAC Inquiry Secretary Joint Standing Committee on the National Capital
    Daniel Mah VP Legal & Regulatory Affairs EMEA & APAC Inquiry Secretary Joint Standing Committee on the National Capital and External Territories Department of the House of Representatives PO Box 6021 R1.121 Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 Email: [email protected] 27 January 2021 Inquiry into the availability and access to enabling communications infrastructure in Australia's external territories Dear Sir, SES S.A., on behalf of its Australian subsidiaries New Skies Satellites Australia Pty Ltd and O3b Teleports (Australia) Pty Ltd (together, “SES”), is pleased to submit its comments to the Joint Standing Committee on the National Capital and External Territories’ inquiry into and report on the availability and access to enabling communications infrastructure in Australia's external territories. SES is a global satellite operator that operates a fleet of 50 satellites in geostationary orbit (“GEO”), as well as the innovative O3b constellation of High Throughput Satellites (“HTS”) in medium Earth orbit (“MEO”). SES supports the Committee’s examination of the current communications situation in Australia’s external territories of Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. And, in accordance with the Committee’s terms of reference, notes the focus on activities to enhance connectivity and services, and the options and opportunities for improving availability of and access to communications infrastructure. The availability of, and access to communications technologies and infrastructure in each of the external territories SES’s O3b constellation of 20 satellites located in MEO has been in operation since 2014. This network of MEO satellites is supported by gateways located at sites in Dubbo (NSW) and Gnangara (WA), providing a wide range of satellite connectivity solutions in Australia and throughout the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Since Our Last SIA Member News Summary, Press Releases and Posts
    SIA PRESIDENT’S REPORT – MEMBER NEWS FOR AUG 2020 Since our last SIA Member News Summary, press releases and posts from many SIA Members including Amazon, Boeing, Hughes, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Iridium, Kymeta, Planet, SES, SpaceX, Spire and Viasat have released news. Please see the summary of stories and postings below and click on the COMPANY LINK for more details. SPACEX On Aug 2nd, SpaceX announced that 63 days after being launched from Cape Canaveral, FL, Crew Dragon undocked from the International Space Station (ISS) before successfully splashing down in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, FL. The flight marked the return of human spaceflight to the U.S. and the first-time in history a commercial company successfully took astronauts to orbit and back. The Demo-2 mission was also the final major test milestone for SpaceX’s human spaceflight system to be certified by NASA for operational crew missions to and from the ISS. (photo credit: SpaceX) SPIRE On Aug 27th, Spire posted the following. “The summer of 2020 has had its fair share of out of the ordinary weather events. From thunderstorms and lightning to cyclones, most parts of the world are experiencing extreme weather conditions. Storm forecasts are one way to mitigate the impact a storm has on an area both in the form of human safety and economics. Storms cause damage to an area’s vital infrastructure, they disrupt supply chains, cost billions of dollars each year in structural damages, and most importantly, lives are lost. Forecasting a storm allows for measures to be put in place to lessen the impact of these extreme storms and save lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Digital Opportunity Fund Ex Parte Presentation
    Rural Digital Opportunity Fund Ex Parte Presentation SES 2020 SES2019 Proprietary and Confidential | SES MEO Low-Latency Broadband Connectivity The Commission’s proposed 100 ms latency metric is unnecessarily restrictive as it does not reflect actual network requirements for broadband services and real-time applications, which can be met by current and next-generation satellite systems. Adhering to the 100 ms standard would delay the delivery of broadband to rural communities. Commission policy should not prioritize latency at the expense of deployment speed and cost-effectiveness – don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good. With round-trip latency in the range of 120-150 ms, SES’s Medium Earth Orbit (“MEO”) constellation, O3b, supports real-time applications every day across the U.S. and around the globe. SES’s MEO constellation is an immediate and long term solution for providing connectivity and supporting real-time applications to those in rural locations. MEO capacity can be integrated seamlessly into carrier networks using existing carrier standards and equipment, providing local ISPs today with cost-effective, high throughput service that supports latency-sensitive consumer applications. SES Proprietary and Confidential | Q4 '16 – Brand Team – SES PPT Template Refresh – KSM – md 2 SES GEO & MEO SES currently has internet service provider (ISP) Geostationary Orbit (GEO) customers throughout the U.S., including Alaska • SES’s GEO network supports critical broadband-enabled applications: video streaming, web browsing, social
    [Show full text]
  • ESPI Insights Space Sector Watch
    ESPI Insights Space Sector Watch Issue 15 April 2021 THIS MONTH IN THE SPACE SECTOR… A NEW ERA OF HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT ............................................................................................................. 1 POLICY & PROGRAMMES .................................................................................................................................... 2 Adoption of EU Space Regulation paves the way to continuity in space activities in Europe .............. 2 ESA publishes ESA Agenda 2025 ..................................................................................................................... 2 The Spanish Council of Ministers approves a €32.4 million allocation for SECOMSAT ........................ 2 Philippe Baptiste nominated as new President of CNES ............................................................................. 3 DLR and Lockheed Martin conclude agreement for Space Situational Awareness ............................... 3 NASA awards $2.89 billion contract to SpaceX to develop the Human Landing System ..................... 3 Biden Administration requests $24.7 billion budget for NASA in 2022 ..................................................... 4 China multiplies plans for commercial spaceports and space clusters ................................................... 4 Japan Air Self Defense Force and U.S. Space Command sign new arrangement .................................. 5 The UAE and ispace partner to transport lunar rover to the moon by 2022 ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download Paper
    KAREN L. JONES Karen L. Jones is a senior policy analyst and technology and market strategist at The Aerospace Corporation’s Center for Space Policy and Strategy. Jones has more than 30 years of experience across diverse industries, including federal government, information technology, telecommunications, remote sensing, satellite industry, environmental technology and services, oil and gas, mining, and renewable energy. Prior to joining Aerospace, Jones was a management consultant with Arthur D. Little and IBM Global Services. She has an M.B.A. from the Yale School of Management. MARTIN L. ROSS Martin N. Ross is an atmospheric scientist in Aerospace’s Launch Systems Division. Ross has over 30 years of experience performing research on the Earth’s climate and stratospheric ozone. He has managed airborne science campaigns for NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and is a contributor to international studies such as the United Nations’ quadrennial “Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion.” Ross has published over 60 scientific papers covering a wide range of subjects in atmospheric science and rocket engine technology. Ross earned his Ph.D. in planetary physics from UCLA. SAMIRA PATEL Samira Patel is a policy analyst at Aerospace’s Center for Space Policy and Strategy. Her research includes space policy issues, satellite applications and services, and the commercial space sector. Prior to joining the center, Samira supported the Commercial Remote Sensing Regulatory Affairs Office at NOAA, where she focused on remote sensing licensing and the Advisory Committee on Commercial Remote Sensing activities. She graduated with a bachelor’s degree in anthropology from the University of Chicago.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Constellations of Small Satellites: a Survey of Near Future Challenges and Missions
    aerospace Review Large Constellations of Small Satellites: A Survey of Near Future Challenges and Missions Giacomo Curzi , Dario Modenini * and Paolo Tortora Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Fontanelle 40, I-47121 Forlì (FC), Italy; [email protected] (G.C.); [email protected] (P.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 July 2020; Accepted: 3 September 2020; Published: 7 September 2020 Abstract: Constellations of satellites are being proposed in large numbers; most of them are expected to be in orbit within the next decade. They will provide communication to unserved and underserved communities, enable global monitoring of Earth and enhance space observation. Mostly enabled by technology miniaturization, satellite constellations require a coordinated effort to face the technological limits in spacecraft operations and space traffic. At the moment in fact, no cost-effective infrastructure is available to withstand coordinated flight of large fleets of satellites. In order for large constellations to be sustainable, there is the need to efficiently integrate and use them in the current space framework. This review paper provides an overview of the available experience in constellation operations and statistical trends about upcoming constellations at the moment of writing. It highlights also the tools most often proposed in the analyzed works to overcome constellation management issues, such as applications of machine learning/artificial intelligence and resource/infrastructure sharing. As such, it is intended to be a useful resource for both identifying emerging trends in satellite constellations, and enabling technologies still requiring substantial development efforts. Keywords: large constellations; operations; traffic; regulation; spacecraft 1. Introduction The idea of a constellation of satellites appeared in the market about twenty years ago with Iridium and Globalstar as pioneering examples.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Impact of Intrinsic Delay Variation Sources on Iridium LEO Constellation
    On the Impact of Intrinsic Delay Variation Sources on Iridium LEO Constellation Amal Boubaker1;2[0000−0002−2226−1004], Emmanuel Chaput1, Nicolas Kuhn3[0000−0001−6671−3490], Jean-Baptiste Dup´e3[0000−0001−9973−698X], Renaud Sallantin4[0000−0003−3421−6005], C´edricBaudoin4, and Andr´e-Luc Beylot1[0000−0002−9049−4723] 1 IRIT Lab, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France 2 T´eSA,Telecommunications for Space and Aeronautics, Toulouse, France 3 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France 4 Thales Alenia Space (TAS), Toulouse, France Abstract. The recent decades have seen an increasing interest in Medium Earth Orbit and Low Earth Orbit satellite constellations. However, there is little information on the delay variation characteristics of these sys- tems and the resulting impact on high layer protocols. To fill this gap, this paper simulates a constellation that exhibits the same delay charac- teristics as the already deployed Iridium but considers closer bandwidths to constellation projects'. We identify five major sources of delay variation in polar satellite constel- lations with different occurrence rates: elevation, intra-orbital handover, inter-orbital handover, orbital seam handover and Inter-Satellite Link changes. We simulate file transfers of different sizes to assess the impact of each of these delay variations on the file transfer. We conclude that the orbital seam is the less frequent source of delay and induces a larger impact on a small file transfers: the orbital seam, which occurs at most three times during 24 hours, induces a 66% increase of the time needed to transmit a small file. Inter-orbital and intra-orbital handovers occur less often and reduce the throughput by approximately ∼ 8% for both low and high throughput configurations.
    [Show full text]