WTP September 2008
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ADMINISTRATIVE MANUAL Washington Transportation Plan Update Freight Movement September 2008 Freight Systems Division Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Information Materials can be provided in alternative formats: large print, Braille, cassette tape, or on computer disk for people with disabilities by calling the Office of Equal Opportunity (OEO) at 360-705-7097. Persons who are deaf or hard of hearing may contact OEO through the Washington Relay Service at 7-1-1. Additional copies may be purchased from: Washington State Department of Transportation Directional Documents and Engineering Publications PO Box 47304 Olympia, WA 98504-7304 Phone: 360-705-7430 Fax: 360-705-6861 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.wsdot.wa.gov/fasc/engineeringpublications Get the latest information on updates to WSDOT engineering manuals – join Engineering Publications List Serve today at: www.wsdot.wa.gov/fasc/EngineeringPublications/ListServ.htm Contents The Role of the Washington Transportation Plan (WTP) ......................1 Executive Summary ....................................................3 Overview .........................................................3 What is the Purpose of the WTP Freight Report? .....................4 What are the Findings? .........................................5 Global Gateways – International and National Trade Flows Through Washington .5 Made in Washington – Regional Economies Rely on the Freight System ........7 Delivering Goods to You – The Retail and Wholesale Distribution System .......9 What Alternatives are available? .................................10 What are the Recommendations? ................................11 In Summary ......................................................12 What ideas did we miss?.......................................12 Introduction..........................................................13 How are the special needs of freight movement to be incorporated into the state’s transportation plan? .........................................13 Global Gateways: International and National Trade Flows Through Washington 15 The Importance of Trade in Washington’s Economy .......................16 International Trade Increases the Number of State Jobs ..............16 Jobs Created by Local Seaports .................................16 Railroads and Interstate Trucking Employment......................16 National Employment .........................................17 “Soft” Trade Jobs .............................................17 Washington’s Role in International Trade................................17 Washington and Major U.S. Trading Partners .......................18 Majority of International Freight Is Discretionary Cargo ...............19 Trade Continues to Grow – Worldwide and in Washington .............19 East-West Trade: Washington is a Gateway for Asian Trade to and from the Midwest and the East Coast .....................................21 Washington’s Seaports Are Global Gateways for Containerized Asian Imports ..............................................21 Seattle and Tacoma Are Washington’s Major Container Ports ..........22 Washington’s Two Major Ports Are Investing .......................23 Washington’s Rail Corridors Move Containers to U.S. Markets .........25 Highways Are Also Important East-West Freight Corridors .............28 Emerging Directions for East-West Trade ..........................29 Washington Transportation Plan Update Freight Movement Page iii September 2008 Agricultural Exports: Washington Moves American Products to the Pacific Rim . .30 Washington’s Columbia River Ports Are Gateways for Agricultural Exports 31 Washington’s Freight Infrastructure System Supports the U.S. Military’s Readiness and Operations ..................................................36 Puget Sound Seaports Have a Strategic Role in Support of Fort Lewis . .36 The Port of Seattle Has a Role in Supporting Overseas Military Logistics .37 Ordnance Transport Requirements for Bangor ......................37 Emerging Directions for West-East Trade ...............................37 Washington Supports Freight on North-South Corridors ....................38 The U.S.-Canadian Border Is a Major Freight Gateway ...............38 Rail Crossings at the U.S.-Canadian Border ........................39 The Blaine Border Crossing Handles a High Volume of Truck Traffic .....39 Washington’s Border Links Canadian Trade With Other U.S. States .....40 Washington-Canadian Border Delays, Congestion, and Security Issues . .42 Freight Movement Along the North-South Highway Corridors ................43 Interstate 5 Freight Movements..................................43 Other Important North-South Truck Corridors in Washington State ......47 Emerging Directions for North-South Corridors......................47 Washington’s Freight System Connects Alaska with the Continental United States and Points Beyond ...............................48 Major Issues for Alaskan Shipping Lines...........................49 Washington’s Airports Are Gateways for High-Value and Time-Sensitive Goods .50 The Majority of Air Cargo Moves Through Sea-Tac...................50 King County International Airport/Boeing Field Air Cargo ..............52 Other Washington Airports Handling Air Cargo ......................52 Emerging Directions in Air Cargo ................................52 Summary and Outlook for the Future .............................54 Made in Washington: Freight Transportation Serves Washington State’s Own Producers ...........................................................55 Regional Economies Rely on Washington’s Freight System .................56 Overview of the State’s Production Economies ...........................56 Southeast Washington Sells Wheat to the World..........................57 The Columbia Basin and North Central Washington: Agricultural Growing and Processing Center ............................................60 How do Columbia Basin and North Central Washington producers rate the current performance of our state’s freight system? .......................63 Central Puget Sound: Manufacturing, Construction, and Maritime Center ......63 Central Puget Sound Truck Carriers ..............................66 Central Puget Sound Maritime Sector .............................67 Seattle: Home of the North Pacific Fishing Fleet ...................68 Big Issues for the Maritime Sector ..............................68 South Sound Logistics Costs Top State Average ....................69 Page iv Washington Transportation Plan Update Freight Movement September 2008 Spokane Region: Eastside Center of Manufacturing and Commerce ..........70 Vancouver: Southwest Washington Metropolitan Area......................71 Northwest Washington ..............................................74 Coastal Counties: Forestry and Manufacturing ...........................75 Summary and Conclusion ...........................................76 Delivering Goods to You: Washington’s Retail and Wholesale Distribution System ...................................................77 Overview of the Distribution System ...................................77 Final Distribution of Goods Is Almost 100 Percent by truck.............77 Distribution Centers ...........................................79 Economic Impacts of the Distribution System .......................80 Emerging Distribution Issues....................................81 Delivering Food To Groceries and Restaurants ...........................83 Grocery Stores Contribute to Washington State’s Economy ............83 How Many Trucks Are Needed to Support a Grocery Store? ...........84 Why Can’t These Deliveries Happen At Night? ......................85 Emerging Food Distribution Issues ...............................86 Restaurants Also Receive Frequent Truck Deliveries .................86 Retail Goods Distribution ............................................88 Retail Distribution Has a Significant Impact on the State’s Economy .....88 Washington’s Distribution System Includes High Value, Precision Timing Shipping........................................................90 Express Package Delivery: Two Case Studies ......................90 Washington’s Health Care System Depends on Daily Deliveries ........92 The Waste Removal System .........................................93 Landfill Capacity ...................................................96 Emerging Issues for Washington’s Waste Removal System............97 Delivery and Supply of Fuel Is a Crucial Element of Distribution in Washington State ................................................97 Washington’s Oil Refineries Produce Much of the State’s Fuel Needs and Demand Is Growing ......................................98 Washington’s Pipelines Transport Fuel Across the State ..............99 Off the Pipeline: Barges and Tankers ............................101 From Pipeline to Regional Distribution Centers: The Final Trip From Pipeline to Market Is Made by Truck............................102 The Seattle-Tacoma International Airport Jet Fuel Distribution System . .103 Major Issues for Fuel Distribution ...............................104 Summary and Conclusion ..........................................105 Washington Transportation Plan Update Freight Movement Page v September 2008 Conclusion .........................................................107 In Summary .....................................................107 Where Will We Go From Here? ......................................107 What Alternatives are Available? .....................................107