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Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Wood Processing Cover_Navi_Couverture 21.12.11 09:21 Page1 Cover_Navi_CouvertureCover_Navi_Couverture 21.12.11 21.12.11 09:21 09:21 Page1 Page1 EPFL P r eEPFL s sEPFL P r eP s r s e s s Engineering Sciences Materials EngineeringEngineering Sciences Sciences MaterialsMaterials PROCESSING OF WOOD OF PROCESSING THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL Engineering Sciences Materials PROCESSING OF WOOD OF PROCESSING THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL PROCESSING OF WOOD OF PROCESSING THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL THERMO-HYDRO-THERMO-HYDRO-THERMO-HYDRO- MECHANICALMECHANICALMECHANICAL PROCESSING OF WOOD PROCESSINGPROCESSING OF OF WOOD WOOD THERMO-HYDRO-THERMO-HYDRO-THERMO-HYDRO- Parviz Navi and Dick Sandberg ParvizParviz Navi Navi and andDick Dick Sandberg Sandberg MECHANICALMECHANICALMECHANICAL Wood, as a material, offers several unique advantages: widespread availability, Wood, as a material, offers several unique advantages: widespread availability, naturalWood, renewability, as a material, favorable offers severalecological unique assessment, advantages: and widespreadflexibility of availability, imple- PROCESSING OF WOOD natural renewability, favorable ecological assessment, and flexibility of imple- PROCESSINGPROCESSING OF OF WOOD WOOD mentation.natural renewability,Moreover, the favorable polymeric ecological components assessment, of wood, and together flexibility with of imple-its mentation. Moreover, the polymeric components of wood, together with its porousmentation. structure, Moreover, confer upon the polymericit a faculty componentsfor transformation of wood, exceeding together that with of its porous structure, confer upon it a faculty for transformation exceeding that of otherporous materials. structure, confer upon it a faculty for transformation exceeding that of Parviz Navi and Dick Sandberg other materials. ParvizParviz Navi Navi and and Dick Dick Sandberg Sandberg Oneother of the materials. emerging eco-friendly treatment methods is the combined use of One of the emerging eco-friendly treatment methods is the combined use of temperature,One of the moisture emerging and eco-friendly mechanical treatment action – methodsthe so-called is the thermo-hydro- combined use of temperature, moisture and mechanical action – the so-called thermo-hydro- mechanicaltemperature, (THM) moisture and thermo-hydro and mechanical (TH) action treatments. – the so-called THM processing thermo-hydro- is mechanical (THM) and thermo-hydro (TH) treatments. THM processing is implementedmechanical to (THM) improve and the thermo-hydro intrinsic properties (TH) treatments. of wood, toTHM produce processing new is implemented to improve the intrinsic properties of wood, to produce new kindsimplemented of materials, to and improve to acquire the intrinsic a form andproperties functionality of wood, desired to produce by engi- new kinds of materials, and to acquire a form and functionality desired by engi- neerskinds without of materials, changing and the toeco-friendly acquire a formnature and of functionalitythe material. Indesired this book, by engi- neers without changing the eco-friendly nature of the material. In this book, the neersauthors without bring changingtogether thethe keyeco-friendly elements natu of there ofchemical the material. degradation In this book,of the authors bring together the key elements of the chemical degradation of woodthe constituents authors bring under together TH and the THM key processing;elements of a thedescription chemical of degradation the behav- of Sandberg and Dick Parviz Navi Parviz Navi and Dick Sandberg and Dick Parviz Navi wood constituents under TH and THM processing; a description of the behav- Sandberg and Dick Parviz Navi ior ofwood wood constituents under these under conditions; TH and as THM well asprocessing; a selection a descriptionof the principal of the tech- behav- ior of wood under these conditions; as well as a selection of the principal tech- nologiesior of that wood can under be considered these conditions; TH/THM as welltreatments. as a selection of the principal tech- nologiesnologies that that can canbe considered be considered TH/THM TH/THM treatments. treatments. PARVIZ NAVI received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and from 1984 to PARVIZ NAVI received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and from 1984 to 1989 PheARVIZ was NresearchAVI received associate his Ph.D. at the from Ecole the Nationale University des of Ponts California et Chaussées at Los Angelesin Paris, (UCLA),where he and studied from vis- 1984 to coelastic1989 heterogeneous 1989he was he research was research materials associate associate and at thecontributed at Ecole the Ecole Nationale to Nationalethe wood des Ponts desmicromechanical Ponts et Chaussées et Chaussées inconcepts. Paris, in Paris, where Since where he 1989, studied he he studied vis- vis- has workedcoelasticcoelastic at theheterogeneous Swiss heterogeneous Institute materials of materialsTechnology, and contributed and Lausanne contributed to (EPFL), the to wood the first wood micromechanical as a micromechanicalprivat-docent concepts. and concepts. more Since recently Since 1989, 1989, he he as anhas invited workedhas scholar. worked at the Sinceat Swiss the 1986,Swiss Institute hisInstitute workof Technology, ofhas Technology, focused Lausanne on Lausanne wood (EPFL), micromechanics; (EPFL), first as first a privat-docent as fracturea privat-docent mechanics and more and andmore recently recently viscoelasticity;as an asinvited an and invited scholar. wood scholar. processing. Since Since 1986, 1986,Professor his work his workNavihas focused hasis currently focused on wood professoron wood micromechanics; micromechanics;at the Architecture, fracture fracture Woodmechanics mechanics and and and Civil viscoelasticity;Engineeringviscoelasticity; unit and of wood Bernand wood Universityprocessing. processing. of Professor Applied Professor Sciences.Navi Naviis currently is currently professor professor at the at Architecture, the Architecture, Wood Wood and and Civil CivilEngineering Engineering unit ofunit Bern of BernUniversity University of Applied of Applied Sciences. Sciences. DICK SANDBERG is professor in wood products at the Linnæus University in Växjö, Sweden, and associate DICK SANDBERG is professor in wood products at the Linnæus University in Växjö, Sweden, and associate professorDICK inSANDBERG building ismaterials professor at inthe wood Royal products Institute at of the Technology Linnæus University(KTH), Stockholm. in Växjö, HeSweden, has a andmaster’s associate degreeprofessor in professormechanical in building in engineeringbuilding materials materials and at the a atdoctorate Royal the Royal Institute in Institutewood of Technologytechnology of Technology (KTH),and (KTH),processing Stockholm. Stockholm. from He KTH. has He a hasHismaster’s a master’s researchdegree isdegree concentrated in mechanical in mechanical on engineeringbio-energy engineering from and theaand doctorate forest a doctorate resource; in wood in newwood technology sawing technology systems; and processingand the processing bending from of from KTH.solid KTH. His His and laminatedresearchresearch is wood concentrated is concentratedproducts; on and bio-energy on on bio-energy other from value-added fromthe forest the productsforest resource; resource; of new softwood sawingnew sawing and systems; hardwood. systems; the bending theProfessor bending of solid of solid Sandbergand laminatedisand the laminated author wood of woodnumerous products; products; patents.and onand other on other value-added value-added products products of softwood of softwood and hardwood.and hardwood. Professor Professor SandbergSandberg is the is author the author of numerous of numerous patents. patents. E P F L P r e s s E PE F P L F P L rP e sr se s s E P F LE PP F r L e sP s r e s s DistributedE P F by L CRC P rPress e s s DistributedDistributed by CRC by CRC Press Press THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL PROCESSING OF WOOD This page intentionally left blank Engineering Sciences Materials THERMO-HYDRO- MECHANICAL PROCESSING OF WOOD Parviz Navi and Dick Sandberg EPFL Press A Swiss academic publisher distributed by CRC Press CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20120201 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-6043-4 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reason- able efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material
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