Journal of Avian Biology JAB4383 Anna M. Kearns, Leo Joseph, Scott V. Edwards and Michael C. Double. 2009. Inferring the phylogeogra- phy and evolutionary history of the splendid fairy-wren Malurus splendens from mitochondrial DNA and spec- trophotometry. – J. Avian Biol. 40: 7–17.

Appendix 1. Tissue specimens sampled in genetic analysis (G), museum specimens observed(C) (* not included in chromatic analysis). Individual specimen codes corresponding to those in Figure 3 are provided. Museum acronyms are as follows: ANWC-Australian Na- tional Wildlife Collection; ANU- Australian National University; SAM-South Australian Museum; UWBM- University of Washington, Burke Museum, USA; ANSP- Academy of Natural Sciences, USA; WAM- Western Australian Museum.

Sample Individual GenBank Accession No. Taxon Name State Locality Name Latitude Longitude Type Code Accession ANWC 19548 M. s. emmottorum QLD Opalton 231600S 1424200E C ANWC 28009 M. s. emmottorum QLD Noonbah Rd 240307S 1424922E G, C Em1 EU144241 ANWC 28531 M. s. emmottorum QLD Noonbah Station 240830S 1431300E C ANWC 28637 M. s. emmottorum QLD Noonbah Station 240830S 1431300E C ANWC 28638 M. s. emmottorum QLD SW Of Longreach 241020S 1431515E C UWBM 57545 M. s. emmottorum QLD Longreach 241020S 1431525E G Em2 EU144247 UWBM 57546 M. s. emmottorum QLD Longreach 241020S 1431525E G Em3 EU144242 UWBM 57547 M. s. emmottorum QLD Longreach 241020S 1431525E G, C Em4 EU144243 UWBM 57548 M. s. emmottorum QLD Longreach 241020S 1431525E G Em5 EU144244 UWBM 57549 M. s. emmottorum QLD Longreach 241020S 1431525E G Em6 EU144245 UWBM 57556 M. s. emmottorum QLD Longreach 241020S 1431525E G, C Em7 EU144248 UWBM 57739 M. s. emmottorum QLD Longreach 241020S 1431525E G, C Em8 EU144246 ANWC 37346 M. s. emm x mel QLD S Of Charleville 262700S 1461200E C ANWC 37347 M. s. emm x mel QLD S Of Charleville 262700S 1461200E C ANWC 14334 M. s. melanotus NSW Rankin Springs 340700S 1460100E C ANWC 14335 M. s. melanotus NSW Rankin Springs 340700S 1460100E C ANWC 14782 M. s. melanotus SA NW Of Morgan 335200S 1392600E C ANWC 15002 M. s. melanotus SA Quondong Vale Station 325900S 1402200E C ANWC 28676 M. s. melanotus QLD 12 Km E Of Eulo 280748S 1451004E G, C Me1 EU144263 ANWC 28677 M. s. melanotus QLD 12 Km E Of Eulo 280748S 1451004E G, C Me2 EU144264 ANWC 29276 M. s. melanotus NSW Round Hill NR 325829S 1460907E G Me3 EU144250 ANWC 29277 M. s. melanotus NSW Round Hill NR 325829S 1460907E G, C Me4 EU144255 ANWC 32533 M. s. melanotus QLD W Of Cunnamulla 280800S 1451000E G, C Me5 EU144271 ANWC 37097 M. s. melanotus SA Peebinga 345600S 1405500E C ANWC 38080 M. s. melanotus VIC Yanac Road 352100S 1411100E C ANWC 44501 M. s. melanotus NSW Euabalong 325737S 1460954E G, C Me6 EU144254 ANWC 46789 M. s. melanotus SA NW of Morgan 335556S 1393037E G, C Me7 EU144258 ANWC 48181 M. s. melanotus SA Morgan Mail Road 333705S 1395015E G Me8 EU144262 ANWC 49359 M. s. melanotus NSW NW of N Bourke 295225S 1454109E G, C Me9 EU144260 ANWC 49360 M. s. melanotus NSW NW of N Bourke 295225S 1454109E G, C Me10 EU144261 ANWC 49381 M. s. melanotus NSW Hungerford 290135S 1442611E G, C Me11 EU144253 ANWC 49382 M. s. melanotus NSW Hungerford 290135S 1442611E G, C Me12 EU144259 ANWC 49384 M. s. melanotus NSW 24 Km N of Louth 302324S 1445829E G, C Me13 EU144249

1 ANWC 49492 M. s. melanotus NSW Coombie Station 325458S 1452125E G, C Me14 EU144270 ANWC 49493 M. s. melanotus NSW Coombie Station 325458S 1452125E C ANWC 49494 M. s. melanotus NSW E of Roto 325921S 1455327E G, C Me15 EU144257 ANWC 49499 M. s. melanotus NSW Nombinnie NR 330529S 1461254E G, C Me16 EU144267 ANWC 49508 M. s. melanotus NSW Round Hill NR 325927S 1460634E G, C Me17 EU144266 ANWC 49645 M. s. melanotus NSW Round Hill NR 325741S 1460641E G, C Me18 EU144269 ANWC 49646 M. s. melanotus NSW Round Hill NR 325741S 1460641E G, C Me19 EU144251 ANWC 49647 M. s. melanotus NSW Round Hill NR 325741S 1460641E G, C Me20 EU144265 UWBM 57583 M. s. melanotus NSW Bourke 3030S 14535E G, C Me21 EU144256 UWBM 57584 M. s. melanotus NSW Bourke 3030S 14535E G, C Me22 EU144252 UWBM 57599 M. s. melanotus NSW Mildura 3414S 14243E G Me23 EU144268 ANWC 40310 M. s. musgravi SA Lake Gairdner 315800S 1355200E G, C Mu15 EU144275 ANWC 40311 M. s. musgravi SA Lake Gairdner 315800S 1355200E G Mu13 EU144278 SAM 85132 M. s. mus x mel SA 324429S 1370831E G MuMe1 EU144284 ANWC 48282 M. s. mus x mel SA Italowie Gorge 303331S 1390952E G, C MuMe2 EU144274 ANWC 48283 M. s. mus x mel SA Italowie Gorge 303331S 1390952E G, C MuMe3 EU144272 SAM 85116 M. s. musgravi SA 322300S 1353200E G Mu14 EU144273 ANWC 16808 M. s. musgravi SA Canegrass Station 334000S 1395900E C ANWC 17534 M. s. musgravi NT Alice Springs 233800S 1335200E C ANWC 17551 M. s. musgravi SA Ildulkana Creek 265900S 1332400E C ANWC 20109 M. s. musgravi NT N Of Alice Springs 224600S 1340300E C ANWC 28250 M. s. musgravi SA Gawler Range 320214S 1355300E C ANWC 40313 M. s. musgravi SA Lake Gairdner 315800S 1355200E C ANWC 46755 M. s. musgravi SA 323536S 1351740E G, C Mu1 EU144277 ANWC 46785 M. s. musgravi SA N of Minnipa 321324S 1350359E G, C Mu2 EU144280 ANWC 48365 M. s. musgravi SA Gawler Range 323735S 1351502E G, C Mu3 EU144283 ANWC 48366 M. s. musgravi SA Gawler Range 323735S 1351502E G, C Mu4 EU144281 ANWC 48388 M. s. musgravi SA Gawler Range 323113S 1352100E C ANWC 48389 M. s. musgravi SA Gawler Range 323113S 1352100E G, C Mu5 EU144279 ANWC 48899 M. s. musgravi NT Ross Highway 233348S 1342534E G, C Mu6 EU144285 ANWC 48921 M. s. musgravi NT Macdonnell Range 234352S 1334743E G, C Mu7 EU144287 SAM 24618 M. s. musgravi SA Mabel Creek 285740S 1341753E G Mu8 EU144276 SAM 24633 M. s. musgravi SA Mabel Creek 285740S 1341753E G Mu9 EU144282 SAM 24679 M. s. musgravi SA Mabel Creek 285740S 1341753E G Mu10 EU144288 SAM 26619 M. s. musgravi SA 265700S 1333000E G Mu11 EU144289 SAM 49356 M. s. musgravi SA 43k N 265560S 1341160E G Mu12 EU144286 ANWC 19604 M. s. spl x mus WA NNW Of Wiluna 262600S 1200900E C ANWC 19724 M. s. spl x mus WA WNW Of Wiluna 263500S 1201100E C ANWC 37779 M. s. spl x mus WA NNW Of Wiluna 262600S 1200900E C ANWC 37780 M. s. spl x mus WA NNW Of Wiluna 262600S 1200900E C UWBM 60756 M. s. spl x mus WA Wiluna 2640S 12020E G, C SpMu1 EU144291 UWBM 60842 M. s. spl x mus WA Wiluna 2640S 12020E G, C SpMu2 EU144290 UWBM 60848 M. s. spl x mus WA Wiluna 2640S 12020E G SpMu3 EU144293 UWBM 60937 M. s. spl x mus WA Wiluna 2640S 12020E G, C SpMu4 EU144292 WAM 18563 M. s. spl x mus WA Wiluna 262700S 1201400E C WAM 19463 M. s. spl x mus WA Wilga Hill 291000S 1223300E C ANWC 16564 M. s. splendens WA E Of Williams 325900S 1170500E C

2 ANWC 16565 M. s. splendens WA E Of Williams 325900S 1170500E C ANWC 16572 M. s. splendens WA N of Clackline 314100S 1163000E C ANWC 31743 M. s. splendens WA Toompup South Rd 340521S 1182817E G, C Sp2 EU144298 ANWC 31874 M. s. splendens WA W Of Cranbrook 341626S 1172640E G, C Sp3 EU144302 ANWC 31875 M. s. splendens WA W Of Cranbrook 341626S 1172640E G, C Sp4 EU144295 ANWC 36036 M. s. splendens WA NW Of Wiluna 262600S 1200900E C ANWC 37125 M. s. splendens WA S Of Wandering 324900S 1165000E C ANWC 37815 M. s. splendens WA Wiluna Airport 264700S 1201300E C ANWC 40517 M. s. splendens WA Walpole Creek Cr 345500S 1164000E G, C Sp5 EU144299 ANWC 40522 M. s. splendens WA Irwin Inlet 345700S 1165400E C ANWC 47527 M. s. splendens WA Helena Valley 315700S 1160400E C ANSP 10977 M. s. splendens WA 2 km N of Tunney 340652S 1172154E G, C* Sp1 EU144301 ANSP 11130 M. s. splendens WA E of Mullewa 283223S 1153029E G, C* Sp6 EU144300 ANSP 11131 M. s. splendens WA E of Mullewa 283223S 1153029E G, C* Sp7 EU144303 ANSP 11133 M. s. splendens WA E of Mullewa 283223S 1153029E G, C* Sp8 EU144297 ANSP 11169 M. s. splendens WA S Gascoyne Jctn. 250300S 1151200E G, C* Sp9 EU144296 ANSP 11271 M. s. splendens WA Eurardy turnoff 260000S 1120000E C* ANSP 11278 M. s. splendens WA S of Kalbarri 274221S 1140948E G, C* Sp10 EU144294 WAM 11357 M. s. splendens WA Bannister 324058S 1163300E C WAM 14036 M. s. splendens WA Sandstone 275900S 1190600E C WAM 15386 M. s. splendens WA Bridgetown 335800S 1160800E C WAM 15911 M. s. splendens WA Toodyay 313300S 1162800E C WAM 18205 M. s. splendens WA Simpson Well 251700S 1193600E C WAM 18206 M. s. splendens WA Dromedary Homestead 290158S 1182558E C WAM 35112 M. s. splendens WA Albany 350000S 1175200E C WAM 4394 M. s. splendens WA Kennedy Range 243400S 1145700E C WAM 9705 M. s. splendens WA Kalgoorlie 294410S 1212801E C

Outgroup Taxa Registration number Species State Locality Name Latitude Longitude GenBank Accession ANWC 42458 Malurus cyaneus ashbyi SA Kangaroo Island 354500S 1375500E EU534189 ANWC 43326 Malurus cyaneus leggei SA Mt Lofty Range 343800S 1390400E EU534190 ANWC 45524 Malurus cyaneus samueli TAS Flinders Island 400838S 1481043E EU144239 ANWC 45444 Malurus cyaneus cyaneus TAS Ellenthorpe Station 420234S 1471611E EU534191 ANWC 45955 Malurus cyaneus elizabethae TAS King Island 395516S 1440405E EU534192 ANWC 49104 Malurus cyaneus cyanochlamys NSW Millewa State Forest 354721S 1450830E EU534188 ANUPC8 Malurus coronatus WA Mornington Reserve – – EU144240 ANWC 29230 Malurus lamberti NSW Mount Marshall Rd 343206S 1504456E EU144238 ANWC 31755 Stipiturus malachurus WA Toompup South Rd 341641S 1183117E EU144237 ANWC 28865 Amytornis striatus NSW Yathong NR 323838S 1452107E EU144236 ANWC 33100 Lichenostomus penicillatus WA Boodarie Station 202532S 1182748E EU144235 ANWC 29313 Pardalotus striatus NSW Reefton State Forest 341555S 1472655E EU144234

3 Electronic Supplementary Material – Figure Legend Intraspecific variation of male breeding plumage in the splendid fairy-wrenMalurus splendens. Displaying differences in plumage patterns and variation in hue of blue. From left to right: the darker south-western phenotype of M. s. splendens, the lighter northern phenotype of M. s. splendens, the two-toned bib and bellied M. s. musgravi, and M. s. melanotus and M. s. emmottorum.

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