YOUTH SWIM LESSONS 2020 Youth Summer Session I: June 15Th-July 9Th: 4 Week Session Youth Summer Session II: July 20-August 13Th: 4 Week Session

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

YOUTH SWIM LESSONS 2020 Youth Summer Session I: June 15Th-July 9Th: 4 Week Session Youth Summer Session II: July 20-August 13Th: 4 Week Session YOUTH SWIM LESSONS 2020 Youth Summer Session I: June 15th-July 9th: 4 week session Youth Summer Session II: July 20-August 13th: 4 week session Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Registration Summer I: M/W T/Th M/W T/Th Members: June 8th 9:45-10:15 9:45-10:15 9:45-10:15 9:45-10:15 Program Members: June 9th Pike Ray Pike Ray Eel Starfish Eel Starfish For AquaBabies, AquaShrimps, Polliwog, Pike, Eel, Ray and Star- M/W T/Th M/W T/Th fish a guardian will be required in 10:15-11:00 10:15-11:00 10:15-11:00 10:15-11:00 the pool during lessons and in- Polliwog Polliwog Polliwog Polliwog structor will be deckside. Guppy Guppy Guppy Guppy For Guppy, Minnow, Fish, and Flying Fish the instructor will be M/W T/Th M/W T/Th 11:00-11:45 11:00-11:45 11:00-11:45 teaching deck side. 11:00-11:45 Minnow Fish Minnow Fish Fish Flying Fish Fish Flying Fish Shark Shark Registration Summer II: Members: July 13th Program Members: July 14th Private Swim Lessons: One-on-one swim instructions M/W Class M/W Class tailored to your needs. Half hour 3:30-4:00 pm 3:30-4:00 pm sessions. Polliwog Polliwog Contact Jacque Petersen for more information. 641-422-5999 Cost: $21 Y Members M/W Class M/W Class $36 Program Members 4:00-4:30 pm 4:00-4:30 pm Polliwog Polliwog Aquababies/Aqua Shrimps: Guppy Guppy FREE! Y Members $38 Program Members M/W M/W Thursday Class Two Day Swim Class Cost: 4:30-5:00 4:30-5:00 6:15-6:45pm $21 Y Members Minnow Minnow Aquashrimps Fish Fish $59 Program Members Hours: M/W M/W Thursday Class Monday-Friday:5:00am-9:00pm 6:00--6:30 pm 6:00-6:30 pm 6:45-7:15pm Pike Pike Aquababies Saturday: 7:00am-5:00pm Eel Eel Sunday: 1:00pm-6:00pm M/W Class M/W Class The Aquatic Center closes 30 6:30-7:00 pm 6:30-7:00 pm minutes before the Y closes. Polliwog Polliwog Guppy Guppy *Classes may be added if M/W Class M/W Class needed 7:00—7:30 pm 7:00-7:30 pm Minnow Minnow Fish Fish Flying Fish Flying Fish PRIMARY LESSONS (6 MONTHS—5 YEARS) Aqua Babies: Ages 6 months-2 years 3-5 Aqua Shrimps: Ages 3 years to 5 years Classes are designed to allow the child to have fun in the This is a parent/child class which helps water through guided instruction with parents. The child will acquaint the very young child with the joys of be exposed to games that use basic movements in the water water. As the class progresses, the instructor such as kicking, arm strokes, and breath control. Activities slowly begins working more individually with are based on the developmental abilities of the child. Aqua children on skills to help ready them for Babies classes are held in the warm-water therapy pool. preschool classes without parents. PRESCHOOL LESSONS (3 YEARS-5 YEARS) Pike —LEVEL 1 This level helps children learn safe pool Ray —LEVEL 3 Children at this level review floats on both behavior, adjust to the water, and develop front and back. The will also kick with a independent movement through stoke and kickboard the length of the pool, improve kicking skills. They become comfortable on over-arm recovery and learn adjustment putting their face in the water while doing to deep water. these skills. Eel—LEVEL 2 This advanced beginner level is for children who Starfish—LEVEL 4 Children review and improve are comfortable and more independent in the previous skills, build endurance, learn to water. They are taught to flutter kick, float tread water and perform more progressive and the over-arm recovery stroke. diving skills. Children swim half-way across the pool doing front and back crawl without assistance by the end of this level. PROGRESSIVE LESSONS (6 YEARS & UP) Polliwog-LEVEL 1 This is the beginning level for school age Flying Fish —LEVEL 5 At this advanced level, children. By the end of this level, they students work on open medleys should know their front and back floats, consisting of front and back crawl, paddle stroke and over-arm recovery stroke. butterfly and breaststroke. Students tread Students also learn the survival float and water and survival float longer to increase treading water. Red Cross Level 1 & 2. endurance. Equal to Red Cross Levels 1& 2. Equal to Red Cross Level 6. Guppy—LEVEL 2 This level continues to build upon Shark—LEVEL 6 The students at this level continue to basic skills such as mastering the improve their strokes with starts, turns and paddle stroke, treading water and the dives, they learn the sidestroke and the survival float. Students are introduced to lifesaving medley. Students learn basic the front and back crawl. first aid and treatment for shock. Equal to Red Cross Level 3. Equal to Red Cross Level 6. Minnow-LEVEL 3 This is the first intermediate level.. Children refine their front and back crawl strokes they have learned as Porpoise Club —LEVEL 7 This is the their skills become more like those normally final level. Students are exposed to a wide used in swimming. They start to learn their range of aquatic experiences. In the class, breaststroke kick and diving skills. these advanced swimmers learn new Equal to Red Cross Level 4 strokes and rescue skills as well as develop leadership skills through volunteer Fish-LEVEL 4 Students work to perfect the experiences. Must have completed Level 6 front crawl, elementary backstroke, back to register for this class. crawl, breaststroke kick and butterfly kick. Equal to Red Cross level 5. .
Recommended publications
  • Amphibious Fishes: Terrestrial Locomotion, Performance, Orientation, and Behaviors from an Applied Perspective by Noah R
    AMPHIBIOUS FISHES: TERRESTRIAL LOCOMOTION, PERFORMANCE, ORIENTATION, AND BEHAVIORS FROM AN APPLIED PERSPECTIVE BY NOAH R. BRESSMAN A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVESITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Biology May 2020 Winston-Salem, North Carolina Approved By: Miriam A. Ashley-Ross, Ph.D., Advisor Alice C. Gibb, Ph.D., Chair T. Michael Anderson, Ph.D. Bill Conner, Ph.D. Glen Mars, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my adviser Dr. Miriam Ashley-Ross for mentoring me and providing all of her support throughout my doctoral program. I would also like to thank the rest of my committee – Drs. T. Michael Anderson, Glen Marrs, Alice Gibb, and Bill Conner – for teaching me new skills and supporting me along the way. My dissertation research would not have been possible without the help of my collaborators, Drs. Jeff Hill, Joe Love, and Ben Perlman. Additionally, I am very appreciative of the many undergraduate and high school students who helped me collect and analyze data – Mark Simms, Tyler King, Caroline Horne, John Crumpler, John S. Gallen, Emily Lovern, Samir Lalani, Rob Sheppard, Cal Morrison, Imoh Udoh, Harrison McCamy, Laura Miron, and Amaya Pitts. I would like to thank my fellow graduate student labmates – Francesca Giammona, Dan O’Donnell, MC Regan, and Christine Vega – for their support and helping me flesh out ideas. I am appreciative of Dr. Ryan Earley, Dr. Bruce Turner, Allison Durland Donahou, Mary Groves, Tim Groves, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, UF Tropical Aquaculture Lab for providing fish, animal care, and lab space throughout my doctoral research.
    [Show full text]
  • Flying Fish! by Guy Belleranti
    Name: __________________________________ It's Not a Bird... Not a Plane... It's a Flying Fish! by Guy Belleranti Did you know there is group of fish known as flying fish? Flying fish are found in all the major oceans. There are over 40 known species. They are most common in warmer tropical and sub-tropical areas. Of course, a flying fish doesn't actually fly like a birds does. But it can jump out of the water and glide through the air. How does it do this? First, the flying fish swims near the water's surface. Holding its side (pectoral) fins close to its body, the fish's tail (called the caudal fin) propels the Night fishermen use lights to help them catch torpedo-shaped fish at speeds of 35 to 40 miles flying fish. The fishermen know that flying fish are per hour. The tail is forked, with the lower lobe attracted to the lights so this is a great way to lure longer than the upper lobe. This lower lobe acts the fish to their boats and canoes. like an outboard motor. Angling upward, the fish bursts above the water's surface and into the air. Near Catalina Island, off the coast of California, Then the fish spreads its extra large pectoral fins night tour boats also use lights. But this time the and glides for hundreds of feet. What a great lights are used to attract flying fish for tourists to way to escape predators like mackerel, marlin, see not for fishermen to catch. One type of flying tuna and swordfish! fish that might be seen on these tours is the California flying fish.
    [Show full text]
  • Predator-Driven Macroevolution in Flyingfishes Inferred from Behavioural Studies 59
    Predator-driven macroevolution in flyingfishes inferred from behavioural studies 59 Predator-driven macroevolution in flyingfishes inferred from behavioural studies: historical controversies and a hypothesis U. Kutschera Abstract Flyingfishes (Exocoetidae) are unique oceanic animals that use their tail and their large, wing-like pectoral fins to launch themselves out of the water and glide through the air. Independent observations document that flyingfishes use their gliding ability to escape from aquatic predators such as dolphins (marine mammals). The fossil record of flyingfishes is very poor. Nevertheless, the evolution of gliding among flyingfishes and their allies (Beloniformes) was analysed and reconstructed by the ethologist Konrad Lorenz (1903 – 1989) and other zoologists. In this article I review the comparative method in evolutionary biology, describe historical controversies concerning the biology and systematics of flyingfishes and present a hypothesis on the phylogenetic development of gliding among these marine vertebrates. This integrative model is based on behavioural studies and has been corroborated by molecular data (evolutionary trees derived from DNA sequences). Introduction Since the publication of Darwin´s classical book (1872, 1st ed. 1859), evolutionary biology has relied primarily upon comparative studies of extant organisms (animals, plants), supplemented whenever possible by information obtained from the fossil record. This interaction between neontological and palaeontological research has greatly enriched our knowledge of the evolutionary history (phylogeny) of a variety of macro- organisms, notably hard-shelled marine invertebrates (molluscs etc.) and vertebrates, for which thousands of well-preserved fossils have been described. Such comparative studies have become considerably more significant with the development of molecular methods for reconstructing DNA-sequence-based phylogenies and with the increased rigour with which the comparative method has been applied.
    [Show full text]
  • Cruise Report W-37 R/V Westward Draft Copy
    CRUISE REPORT W-37 Scientific Activities San Juan - Miami November 30, 1977 - January 11, 1978 R/V WESTWARD Sea Education Association Woods Hole, Massachusetts DRAFT COPY " (l Contents Summary Introduction 1 Itinerary 2 Cruise track 3 Ship's complement 5 Academic Program 7 Reeearch Activities Cooperatiye Programs 12 Cooperative Ship Weather Observation Program 12 Shark Tagging 12 Collection of shipworms from floating driftwood 12 Weather Recording and Forecasting on W-37 (Burnham) 14 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion 15 In-House Programs, W-37 1. Observations of numbers and behavior of marine mammals in their winter mating/calving grounds on N~vidad Bank and the relationship of marine mammals to their environment Cetacean Behavior (Postman) 16 Cetacean play behavior (Guild) 16 Krill density on Navidad Banks (Eddings) 19 2. Distribution and migration of leptocephalus larvae of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata Distribution and abundance of lepto­ cephalus larvae with particular emphasis on those of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata (Afflixio) 19 ii 3. Avifauna Observations Bifd Studies (Gordon) 22 4. Systematics, distribution and ecology of midwater fauna Zoogeography of the midwater fish family, Myctophidae (Korn) 22 Scarlet prawns and the deep scattering layer (Boyle) 27 pH and bioluminescence (Cook) 29 Vertical migration of zooplankton (Russell) 30 5. Neuston studies Tarballs and encrustation on Sargassum weed (Sloatman) 31 Distribution of tarballs in relation to proximity of shipping lanes (Round) 31 Biology of the Sargassum fish,
    [Show full text]
  • Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals
    Jelle Atema Richard R. Fay Arthur N. Popper William N. Tavolga Editors Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo JELLE ATEMA, Boston University Marine Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA Richard R. Fay, Parmly Hearing Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois 60626, USA ARTHUR N. POPPER, Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA WILLIAM N. TAVOLGA, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida 33577, USA The cover Illustration is a reproduction of Figure 13.3, p. 343 of this volume Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sensory biology of aquatic animals. Papers based on presentations given at an International Conference on the Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals held, June 24-28, 1985, at the Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Fla. Bibliography: p. Includes indexes. 1. Aquatic animals—Physiology—Congresses. 2. Senses and Sensation—Congresses. I. Atema, Jelle. II. International Conference on the Sensory Biology - . of Aquatic Animals (1985 : Sarasota, Fla.) QL120.S46 1987 591.92 87-9632 © 1988 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. x —• All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York 10010, U.S.A.), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of Information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, Computer Software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic Closures As Adaptive Coral Reef Management in the Indo-Pacific
    Copyright © 2006 by the author(s). Published here under license by the Resilience Alliance. Cinner, J., M. J. Marnane, T. R. McClanahan, and G. R. Almany 2005. Periodic closures as adaptive coral reef management in the Indo-Pacific. Ecology and Society 11(1): 31. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyand society.org/vol11/iss1/art31/ Research Periodic Closures as Adaptive Coral Reef Management in the Indo- Pacific Josh Cinner1, Michael J. Marnane2, Timothy R. McClanahan2, and Glenn R. Almany1 ABSTRACT. This study explores the social, economic, and ecological context within which communities in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia use adaptive coral reef management. We tested whether periodic closures had positive effects on reef resources, and found that both the biomass and the average size of fishes commonly caught in Indo-Pacific subsistence fisheries were greater inside areas subject to periodic closures compared to sites with year-round open access. Surprisingly, both long-lived and short-lived species benefited from periodic closures. Our study sites were remote communities that shared many socioeconomic characteristics; these may be crucial to the effectiveness of adaptive management of reef resources through periodic closures. Some of these factors include exclusive tenure over marine resources, a body of traditional ecological knowledge that allows for the rapid assessment of resource conditions, social customs that facilitate compliance with closures, relatively small human populations, negligible migration, and a relatively low dependence on fisheries. This dynamic adaptive management system, in which communities manage their resources among multiple social and ecological baselines, contrasts with western fisheries management practices, centered on maintaining exploited populations at stable levels in which net production is maximized.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology, Stock Status and Management Summaries for Selected Fish Species in South-Western Australia
    Fisheries Research Report No. 242, 2013 Biology, stock status and management summaries for selected fish species in south-western Australia Claire B. Smallwood, S. Alex Hesp and Lynnath E. Beckley Fisheries Research Division Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories PO Box 20 NORTH BEACH, Western Australia 6920 Correct citation: Smallwood, C. B.; Hesp, S. A.; and Beckley, L. E. 2013. Biology, stock status and management summaries for selected fish species in south-western Australia. Fisheries Research Report No. 242. Department of Fisheries, Western Australia. 180pp. Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Fisheries Western Australia. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Department of Fisheries Western Australia does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. Fish illustrations Illustrations © R. Swainston / www.anima.net.au We dedicate this guide to the memory of our friend and colleague, Ben Chuwen Department of Fisheries 3rd floor SGIO Atrium 168 – 170 St Georges Terrace PERTH WA 6000 Telephone: (08) 9482 7333 Facsimile: (08) 9482 7389 Website: www.fish.wa.gov.au ABN: 55 689 794 771 Published by Department of Fisheries, Perth, Western Australia. Fisheries Research Report No. 242, March 2013. ISSN: 1035 - 4549 ISBN: 978-1-921845-56-7 ii Fisheries Research Report No.242, 2013 Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Length-Weight Relationships of Marine Fish Collected from Around the British Isles
    Science Series Technical Report no. 150 Length-weight relationships of marine fish collected from around the British Isles J. F. Silva, J. R. Ellis and R. A. Ayers Science Series Technical Report no. 150 Length-weight relationships of marine fish collected from around the British Isles J. F. Silva, J. R. Ellis and R. A. Ayers This report should be cited as: Silva J. F., Ellis J. R. and Ayers R. A. 2013. Length-weight relationships of marine fish collected from around the British Isles. Sci. Ser. Tech. Rep., Cefas Lowestoft, 150: 109 pp. Additional copies can be obtained from Cefas by e-mailing a request to [email protected] or downloading from the Cefas website www.cefas.defra.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, 2013 This publication (excluding the logos) may be re-used free of charge in any format or medium for research for non-commercial purposes, private study or for internal circulation within an organisation. This is subject to it being re-used accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the publication specified. This publication is also available at www.cefas.defra.gov.uk For any other use of this material please apply for a Click-Use Licence for core material at www.hmso.gov.uk/copyright/licences/ core/core_licence.htm, or by writing to: HMSO’s Licensing Division St Clements House 2-16 Colegate Norwich NR3 1BQ Fax: 01603 723000 E-mail: [email protected] 3 Contents Contents 1. Introduction 5 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iranian Caviar and Its Substitutes in the World Market
    The Iranian Caviar and its Substitutes in the World Market Item Type Journal Contribution Authors Adeli, Afshin; Namdar, Mahya Download date 23/09/2021 10:01:17 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/10299 2015, 3 (1), 933-944 The Iranian Caviar and its Substitutes in the World Market Afshin Adeli1* and Mahya Namdar2 1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran 2 M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Received: 19 May 2014 / Accepted: 30 May 2015 / Published Online: 15 July 2015 ABSTRACT World production of caviar from the farmed sturgeon has recently so increased that in addition to compensate reduction of natural resources of sturgeon, it has also increased its share in the world market for caviar and its substitutes. Although Belarus, China and Norway are currently considered as the main exporting countries of caviar and its substitutes but, Iran solely exports caviar from sturgeon species. Having a world reputation in caviar brand, as well as the decreased natural resources, Iran aims to develop sturgeon rearing as well as modern marketing along with global standards to stand its brand and reputation as well as its world market share. The present paper reviewed the caviar and caviar substitutes market with emphasis on sturgeon caviar. During 1991-2013, caviar export from Iran decreased by 21.2 % in quantity and decreased income by about 17.2 %. However, the caviar value increased from 231000 to 680000 USD per ton.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S51. Average Net Primary Production Values Reported from Mangrove Forests of South Florida and Eastern Mexico
    Table S51. Average net primary production values reported from mangrove forests of south Florida and eastern Mexico. The values were obtained by several different methods of measurement and reported in different units, but for the table all values have been standardized as discussed in the text. (South Florida data from Odum, McIvor, and Smith 1982. Mexican data from Barriero-Gilemes and Balderas-Cortes 1991; Rico-Gray and Lot- Helgueras 1983.) Forest type g C/m2/yr g dry wt/m2/yr lb/A/yr South Florida Red mangroves 1,934.5 6,248 55,732 Black mangroves 1,533.0 4,952 45,172 Mixed forests 3,029.5 9,785 87,282 Eastern Mexico Red mangroves 153.6 496 4,424 Black mangroves 257.6 832 7,421 Table S52. Estimates of litter fall (as dry organic matter) in several types of mangrove forests of south Florida. Values given for red and black mangrove under “variety of types” include those for riverine, overwash, fringe, and “mature” forests. (Recalculated from data in Odum, McIvor, and Smith 1982.) Annual litter fall 2 Forest type Daily litter fall (g/m2/day) g/m /yr lb/A/yr Red mangrove -variety of types 2.8 1,022 9,116 -scrub forest 0.4 146 1,302 Black mangrove -variety of types 1.3 475 4,237 Mixed forests 2.3 840 7,493 Table S53. Brief sketches of important families of perciform fishes found in neritic or epipelagic waters of the Gulf of Mexico, giving information on recognition characters, habitats, and habits and listing important genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Normal Stages of the Early Development of the Flying Fish, <I
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE OF THE GULF AND CARIBBEAN VOLUME 11 1961 NUMBER 4 NORMAL STAGES OF THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLYING FISH, HIRUNDICHTHYS AFFINIS (GUNTHER) JOHN W. EVANS Bel/airs Research Institute of McGill. University, St. James, Barbados, W.I. ABSTRACT The embryology and early larval stages of the flying fish Hirundichthys affinis (Gunther) are described. Eggs and larvae show developmental features of a demersal marine teleost and are only secondarily pelagic. INTRODUCTION The flying fish, H irundichthys aDinis (GUnther), is one of the main sources of animal protein available to the population of the island of Barbados. There is no detailed account of the embryology of this species of the Exocoetidae available. The only papers concerned with the embryology of this group are a study by Miller (1952) which deals only with development up to the closure of the blastopore imd a des- cription by Nayudu (1923) of the embryo of a Cypselurus from the Indian Ocean at a stage equivalent to the 36-hour embryo of H. aDinis. References to the larvae are very scattered and are discussed to some extent by Hubbs and Kampa (1946) and Breder (1938). The only figures of young Hirundichthys aDinis were found in Breder ( 1938) in which young fish measuring 27 mm, 37 mm, 44 mm, 67 mm, 85 mm and 137 mm are discussed. The eggs of the Exocoetidae have attracted some attention. They are surprisingly variable in size and strUGture. Breder (1938) has stressed the taxonomic importance of a study of these eggs and Hubbs and Kampa (1943) have prepared a key for the identification of the eggs of flying fish and other Synentognathidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Take-Off Performance of Flying Fish Cypselurus Heterurus Doederleini Measured with Miniature Acceleration Data Loggers
    Vol. 18: 105–111, 2013 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Published online April 3 doi: 10.3354/ab00494 Aquat Biol Take-off performance of flying fish Cypselurus heterurus doederleini measured with miniature acceleration data loggers Y. Makiguchi1,*, K. Kuramochi1, S. Iwane1, T. Kojima1, Y. Naito2 1College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan 2National Institute of Polar Research, 1-9-10 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8515, Japan ABSTRACT: Flying fish (Teleostei: Exocoetidae) glide at a speed considerably faster than they can travel in water. This phenomenon has been investigated and examined from taxonomic, anatom- ical, aerodynamic and biological standpoints through field observations. However, direct meas- urements of the flight performance of flying fish at the moment of leaping from the water surface have not previously been performed, due to the difficulty of monitoring gliding behavior. In the present study, we used recently developed data loggers capable of recording acceleration on a 3- dimensional axis to directly examine the gliding behavior of the flying fish Cypselurus heterurus doederleini under controlled conditions. Gliding behavior was assessed with the data logger fixed to the fish in 1 of 2 different positions, and positioning was not found to seriously affect leaping performance, as no effects on pitch angle, amplitude of fluctuation in swaying acceleration, stroke cycle frequency, or the duration of acceleration were observed. Pitch angle (20.0 ± 3.3°) and stroke cycle frequency (21.2 ± 4.6 Hz) were found to be lower in the present study than in previous stud- ies that examined gliding behavior in the field. Additionally, the flying fish were estimated to leap from the water surface at speeds of 3.9 to 5.2 m s−1 in our study, which is 38.7 to 51.5% of previ- ously reported maximum swimming speeds determined using stroboscopic filming.
    [Show full text]