Basic Finfish Features
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The Wingtips of the Pterosaurs: Anatomy, Aeronautical Function and Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Xxx (2015) Xxx Xxx 3 Ecological Implications
Our reference: PALAEO 7445 P-authorquery-v11 AUTHOR QUERY FORM Journal: PALAEO Please e-mail your responses and any corrections to: Article Number: 7445 E-mail: [email protected] Dear Author, Please check your proof carefully and mark all corrections at the appropriate place in the proof (e.g., by using on-screen annotation in the PDF file) or compile them in a separate list. Note: if you opt to annotate the file with software other than Adobe Reader then please also highlight the appropriate place in the PDF file. To ensure fast publication of your paper please return your corrections within 48 hours. For correction or revision of any artwork, please consult http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. We were unable to process your file(s) fully electronically and have proceeded by Scanning (parts of) your Rekeying (parts of) your article Scanning the article artwork Any queries or remarks that have arisen during the processing of your manuscript are listed below and highlighted by flags in the proof. Click on the ‘Q’ link to go to the location in the proof. Location in article Query / Remark: click on the Q link to go Please insert your reply or correction at the corresponding line in the proof Q1 Your article is registered as a regular item and is being processed for inclusion in a regular issue of the journal. If this is NOT correct and your article belongs to a Special Issue/Collection please contact [email protected] immediately prior to returning your corrections. Q2 Please confirm that given names and surnames have been identified correctly. -
Median Fin Patterning in Bony Fish: Caspase-3 Role in Fin Fold Reabsorption
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Undergraduate Honors Theses Honors College 2017 Median Fin Patterning in Bony Fish: Caspase-3 Role in Fin Fold Reabsorption Kaitlyn Ann Hammock Follow this and additional works at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/honors_theses Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Median fin patterning in bony fish: caspase-3 role in fin fold reabsorption BY Kaitlyn Ann Hammock UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for obtaining UNDERGRADUATE DEPARTMENTAL HONORS Department of Biological Sciences along with the HonorsCollege at EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY Charleston, Illinois 2017 I hereby recommend this thesis to be accepted as fulfilling the thesis requirement for obtaining Undergraduate Departmental Honors Date '.fHESIS ADVI 1 Date HONORSCOORDmATOR f C I//' ' / ·12 1' J Date, , DEPARTME TCHAIR Abstract Fish larvae develop a fin fold that will later be replaced by the median fins. I hypothesize that finfold reabsorption is part of the initial patterning of the median fins,and that caspase-3, an apoptosis marker, will be expressed in the fin fold during reabsorption. I analyzed time series of larvae in the first20-days post hatch (dph) to determine timing of median findevelopment in a basal bony fish- sturgeon- and in zebrafish, a derived bony fish. I am expecting the general activation pathway to be conserved in both fishesbut, the timing and location of cell death to differ.The dorsal fin foldis the firstto be reabsorbed in the sturgeon starting at 2 dph and rays formed at 6dph. This was closely followed by the anal finat 3 dph, rays at 9 dph and only later, at 6dph, does the caudal fin start forming and rays at 14 dph. -
Hemiscyllium Ocellatum), with Emphasis on Branchial Circulation Kåre-Olav Stensløkken*,1, Lena Sundin2, Gillian M
The Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 4451-4461 4451 Published by The Company of Biologists 2004 doi:10.1242/jeb.01291 Adenosinergic and cholinergic control mechanisms during hypoxia in the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum), with emphasis on branchial circulation Kåre-Olav Stensløkken*,1, Lena Sundin2, Gillian M. C. Renshaw3 and Göran E. Nilsson1 1Physiology Programme, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1041, NO-0316 Oslo Norway and 2Department of Zoophysiology, Göteborg University, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden and 3Hypoxia and Ischemia Research Unit, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Griffith University, PMB 50 Gold coast Mail Centre, Queensland, 9726 Australia *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 17 September 2004 Summary Coral reef platforms may become hypoxic at night flow in the longitudinal vessels during hypoxia. In the during low tide. One animal in that habitat, the epaulette second part of the study, we examined the cholinergic shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum), survives hours of severe influence on the cardiovascular circulation during severe hypoxia and at least one hour of anoxia. Here, we examine hypoxia (<0.3·mg·l–1) using antagonists against muscarinic the branchial effects of severe hypoxia (<0.3·mg·oxygen·l–1 (atropine 2·mg·kg–1) and nicotinic (tubocurarine for 20·min in anaesthetized epaulette shark), by measuring 5·mg·kg–1) receptors. Injection of acetylcholine (ACh; –1 ventral and dorsal aortic blood pressure (PVA and PDA), 1·µmol·kg ) into the ventral aorta caused a marked fall in heart rate (fH), and observing gill microcirculation using fH, a large increase in PVA, but small changes in PDA epi-illumination microscopy. -
An Introduction to the Classification of Elasmobranchs
An introduction to the classification of elasmobranchs 17 Rekha J. Nair and P.U Zacharia Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018 Introduction eyed, stomachless, deep-sea creatures that possess an upper jaw which is fused to its cranium (unlike in sharks). The term Elasmobranchs or chondrichthyans refers to the The great majority of the commercially important species of group of marine organisms with a skeleton made of cartilage. chondrichthyans are elasmobranchs. The latter are named They include sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. These for their plated gills which communicate to the exterior by organisms are characterised by and differ from their sister 5–7 openings. In total, there are about 869+ extant species group of bony fishes in the characteristics like cartilaginous of elasmobranchs, with about 400+ of those being sharks skeleton, absence of swim bladders and presence of five and the rest skates and rays. Taxonomy is also perhaps to seven pairs of naked gill slits that are not covered by an infamously known for its constant, yet essential, revisions operculum. The chondrichthyans which are placed in Class of the relationships and identity of different organisms. Elasmobranchii are grouped into two main subdivisions Classification of elasmobranchs certainly does not evade this Holocephalii (Chimaeras or ratfishes and elephant fishes) process, and species are sometimes lumped in with other with three families and approximately 37 species inhabiting species, or renamed, or assigned to different families and deep cool waters; and the Elasmobranchii, which is a large, other taxonomic groupings. It is certain, however, that such diverse group (sharks, skates and rays) with representatives revisions will clarify our view of the taxonomy and phylogeny in all types of environments, from fresh waters to the bottom (evolutionary relationships) of elasmobranchs, leading to a of marine trenches and from polar regions to warm tropical better understanding of how these creatures evolved. -
Function of the Respiratory System - General
Lesson 27 Lesson Outline: Evolution of Respiratory Mechanisms – Cutaneous Exchange • Evolution of Respiratory Mechanisms - Water Breathers o Origin of pharyngeal slits from corner of mouth o Origin of skeletal support/ origin of jaws o Presence of strainers o Origin of gills o Gill coverings • Form - Water Breathers o Structure of Gills Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes • Function – Water Breathers o Pumping action and path of water flow Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Objectives: At the end of this lesson you should be able to: • Describe the evolutionary trends seen in respiratory mechanisms in water breathers • Describe the structure of the different types of gills found in water breathers • Describe the pumping mechanisms used to move water over the gills in water breathers References: Chapter 13: pgs 292-313 Reading for Next Lesson: Chapter 13: pgs 292-313 Function of the Respiratory System - General Respiratory Organs Cutaneous Exchange Gas exchange across the skin takes place in many vertebrates in both air and water. All that is required is a good capillary supply, a thin exchange barrier and a moist outer surface. As you will remember from lectures on the integumentary system, this is often in conflict with the other functions of the integument. Cutaneous respiration is utilized most extensively in amphibians but is not uncommon in fish and reptiles. It is not used extensively in birds or mammals, although there are instances where it can play an important role (bats loose 12% of their CO2 this way). For the most part, it: - plays a larger role in smaller animals (some small salamanders are lungless). - requires a moist skin which is thin, has a high capillary density and no thick keratinised outer layer. -
Amphibious Fishes: Terrestrial Locomotion, Performance, Orientation, and Behaviors from an Applied Perspective by Noah R
AMPHIBIOUS FISHES: TERRESTRIAL LOCOMOTION, PERFORMANCE, ORIENTATION, AND BEHAVIORS FROM AN APPLIED PERSPECTIVE BY NOAH R. BRESSMAN A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVESITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Biology May 2020 Winston-Salem, North Carolina Approved By: Miriam A. Ashley-Ross, Ph.D., Advisor Alice C. Gibb, Ph.D., Chair T. Michael Anderson, Ph.D. Bill Conner, Ph.D. Glen Mars, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my adviser Dr. Miriam Ashley-Ross for mentoring me and providing all of her support throughout my doctoral program. I would also like to thank the rest of my committee – Drs. T. Michael Anderson, Glen Marrs, Alice Gibb, and Bill Conner – for teaching me new skills and supporting me along the way. My dissertation research would not have been possible without the help of my collaborators, Drs. Jeff Hill, Joe Love, and Ben Perlman. Additionally, I am very appreciative of the many undergraduate and high school students who helped me collect and analyze data – Mark Simms, Tyler King, Caroline Horne, John Crumpler, John S. Gallen, Emily Lovern, Samir Lalani, Rob Sheppard, Cal Morrison, Imoh Udoh, Harrison McCamy, Laura Miron, and Amaya Pitts. I would like to thank my fellow graduate student labmates – Francesca Giammona, Dan O’Donnell, MC Regan, and Christine Vega – for their support and helping me flesh out ideas. I am appreciative of Dr. Ryan Earley, Dr. Bruce Turner, Allison Durland Donahou, Mary Groves, Tim Groves, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, UF Tropical Aquaculture Lab for providing fish, animal care, and lab space throughout my doctoral research. -
Respiratory Disorders of Fish
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Disorders of the Respiratory System in Pet and Ornamental Fish a, b Helen E. Roberts, DVM *, Stephen A. Smith, DVM, PhD KEYWORDS Pet fish Ornamental fish Branchitis Gill Wet mount cytology Hypoxia Respiratory disorders Pathology Living in an aquatic environment where oxygen is in less supply and harder to extract than in a terrestrial one, fish have developed a respiratory system that is much more efficient than terrestrial vertebrates. The gills of fish are a unique organ system and serve several functions including respiration, osmoregulation, excretion of nitroge- nous wastes, and acid-base regulation.1 The gills are the primary site of oxygen exchange in fish and are in intimate contact with the aquatic environment. In most cases, the separation between the water and the tissues of the fish is only a few cell layers thick. Gills are a common target for assault by infectious and noninfectious disease processes.2 Nonlethal diagnostic biopsy of the gills can identify pathologic changes, provide samples for bacterial culture/identification/sensitivity testing, aid in fungal element identification, provide samples for viral testing, and provide parasitic organisms for identification.3–6 This diagnostic test is so important that it should be included as part of every diagnostic workup performed on a fish. -
Flying Fish! by Guy Belleranti
Name: __________________________________ It's Not a Bird... Not a Plane... It's a Flying Fish! by Guy Belleranti Did you know there is group of fish known as flying fish? Flying fish are found in all the major oceans. There are over 40 known species. They are most common in warmer tropical and sub-tropical areas. Of course, a flying fish doesn't actually fly like a birds does. But it can jump out of the water and glide through the air. How does it do this? First, the flying fish swims near the water's surface. Holding its side (pectoral) fins close to its body, the fish's tail (called the caudal fin) propels the Night fishermen use lights to help them catch torpedo-shaped fish at speeds of 35 to 40 miles flying fish. The fishermen know that flying fish are per hour. The tail is forked, with the lower lobe attracted to the lights so this is a great way to lure longer than the upper lobe. This lower lobe acts the fish to their boats and canoes. like an outboard motor. Angling upward, the fish bursts above the water's surface and into the air. Near Catalina Island, off the coast of California, Then the fish spreads its extra large pectoral fins night tour boats also use lights. But this time the and glides for hundreds of feet. What a great lights are used to attract flying fish for tourists to way to escape predators like mackerel, marlin, see not for fishermen to catch. One type of flying tuna and swordfish! fish that might be seen on these tours is the California flying fish. -
Human Functional Anatomy 213 the Upper Limb Early Limb Development
2 HUMAN FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY 213 THE UPPER LIMB EARLY LIMB DEVELOPMENT THIS WEEKS LAB: IN THE FISH (or early human embryo) Proximal parts, plexuses and patterns Slight elevations of ectoderm appear in lateral plate (4th week). Apical ectodermal ridge induces proliferation of limb mesenchyme. READINGS Dorsal and ventral muscle masses connect the girdle to the limb bud. Stern. Essentials of Gross anatomy – The upper limb Limb girdle in body wall Stern. Core concepts in Anatomy:- 80: Organization of upper limb musculature and the Proximal, middle and distal segments of the limb brachial plexus Faiz and Moffat. Anatomy at a Glance:- Nerves of the Upper limb 1 & 2 (parts 30 &31) Grant's Method:- Upper limb and Back (especially pectoral region and axilla) OR any other regional textbook - similar sections IN THIS LECTURE I WILL COVER: Ontogeny and Phylogeny The Pectoral fin The primitive tetrapod forelimb Rotations of the limb in phylogeny Dorsal and ventral muscle/nerve/girdle bone Segmental nerve supply and muscle groups Brachial plexus Muscle groups of the upper limb The fin, or paddle has: Preaxial and postaxial borders (front and back edges) Dorsal and ventral surfaces (top and bottom) Dorsal muscles elevate the fin. Attach to dorsal elements of the girdle (“scapula” and vertebrae) Ventral muscles depress the fin. Attach to ventral elements of the girdle (coracoid) 3 4 PRIMITIVE TETRAPOD FORELIMB MAMMALIAN FORELIMB ROTATIONS 90 degrees LATERAL ROTATION The characteristic segments of the limb (shoulder, arm, forearm, & hand) Were present in -
Gill Morphometrics of the Thresher Sharks (Genus Alopias): Correlation of Gill Dimensions with Aerobic Demand and Environmental Oxygen
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY :1–12 (2015) Gill Morphometrics of the Thresher Sharks (Genus Alopias): Correlation of Gill Dimensions with Aerobic Demand and Environmental Oxygen Thomas P. Wootton,1 Chugey A. Sepulveda,2 and Nicholas C. Wegner1,3* 1Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 2Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research, Oceanside, CA 92054 3Fisheries Resource Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 ABSTRACT Gill morphometrics of the three thresher related species that inhabit similar environments shark species (genus Alopias) were determined to or have comparable metabolic requirements. As examine how metabolism and habitat correlate with such, in reviews of gill morphology (e.g., Gray, respiratory specialization for increased gas exchange. 1954; Hughes, 1984a; Wegner, 2011), fishes are Thresher sharks have large gill surface areas, short often categorized into morphological ecotypes water–blood barrier distances, and thin lamellae. Their large gill areas are derived from long total filament based on the respiratory dimensions of the gills, lengths and large lamellae, a morphometric configura- namely gill surface area and the thickness of the tion documented for other active elasmobranchs (i.e., gill epithelium (the water–blood barrier distance), lamnid sharks, Lamnidae) that augments respiratory which both reflect a species’ capacity for oxygen surface area while -
Allen-Etal-Calcium-2009.Pdf
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 154 (2009) 437–450 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cbpa Calcium regulation in wild populations of a freshwater cartilaginous fish, the lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens Peter J. Allen a,b,⁎, Molly A.H. Webb c, Eli Cureton c, Ronald M. Bruch d, Cameron C. Barth a,b, Stephan J. Peake b, W. Gary Anderson a a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, MB R3T 2N2 b Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada, NB E3B 5A3 c USFWS Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA d Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 625 East County Road Y, Suite 700, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA article info abstract Article history: Lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, are one of a few species of cartilaginous fishes that complete their life Received 27 May 2009 cycle entirely in freshwater. -
Mucosal Barrier Functions of Fish Under Changing Environmental Conditions
fishes Review Mucosal Barrier Functions of Fish under Changing Environmental Conditions Nikko Alvin R. Cabillon 1,* and Carlo C. Lazado 2 1 Scottish Association for Marine Science—University of Highlands and Islands, Oban PA37 1QA, UK 2 Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1430 Ås, Norway; carlo.lazado@nofima.no * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +63-907-420-5685 Received: 27 November 2018; Accepted: 7 January 2019; Published: 10 January 2019 Abstract: The skin, gills, and gut are the most extensively studied mucosal organs in fish. These mucosal structures provide the intimate interface between the internal and external milieus and serve as the indispensable first line of defense. They have highly diverse physiological functions. Their role in defense can be highlighted in three shared similarities: their microanatomical structures that serve as the physical barrier and hold the immune cells and the effector molecules; the mucus layer, also a physical barrier, contains an array of potent bioactive molecules; and the resident microbiota. Mucosal surfaces are responsive and plastic to the different changes in the aquatic environment. The direct interaction of the mucosa with the environment offers some important information on both the physiological status of the host and the conditions of the aquatic environment. Increasing attention has been directed to these features in the last year, particularly on how to improve the overall health of the fish through manipulation of mucosal functions and on how the changes in the mucosa, in response to varying environmental factors, can be harnessed to improve husbandry. In this short review, we highlight the current knowledge on how mucosal surfaces respond to various environmental factors relevant to aquaculture and how they may be exploited in fostering sustainable fish farming practices, especially in controlled aquaculture environments.