PCI Express* Ethernet Networking
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ECESATUSB1 This Expresscard Power Esata Port Controller Card
1 Port ExpressCard Power eSATA Controller Adapter Card StarTech ID: ECESATUSB1 This ExpressCard Power eSATA port controller card can be installed in an available ExpressCard 34/54 mm slot to provide a powered eSATA connection, and also alternatively provide either external SATA (data only) or USB 2.0 connectivity from one uniquely designed port if using with standard eSATA or USB devices. An ideal solution for using an eSATA SSD Flash drive on your laptop, the power eSATA card delivers both a high speed eSATA connection and power from the combined USB port. A versatile connectivity solution, the card features built-in port multiplier support, allowing multi-drive eSATA storage enclosures to be connected to the host computer using a single eSATA cable. Taking advantage of the transfer speed of eSATA connection and the 5V power output of the USB 2.0 port, the ExpressCard Power eSATA adapter is the perfect answer for connecting compatible mobile drive enclosures, similar to the built-in power eSATA port provided by the following laptop computers: Toshiba: Satellite E105, A350, Satellite Pro P300; Qosmio G50, X305, Portege A600, M750, R500, R600; and Tecra M10, R10, A10. Dell: Studio 15, 17; Latitude E6400, E6500; Precision M2400, M4400, M6400, M6400 Covet. Applications Connects to eSATA SSD Flash drives, such as OCZ Throttle, Kangaru e-Flash drives and Ridata Racer series flash drives Provides connectivity between Notebooks and PCs with ExpressCard slots to external drive enclosures with Power eSATA (eSATA+USB) port, or with regular eSATA -
How to Set up IP Camera by Using a Macintosh Computer
EDIMAX COMPUTER INC. Edimax IP Camera series How to set up IP Camera by using a Macintosh computer 2011 Edimax Computer 3350 Scott Blvd., Building #15 Santa Clara, California 95054, USA Phone 408-496-1105 • Fax 408-980-1530 www.edimax.us How to setup Edimax IP Camera by a Macintosh computer Introduction The most important thing to setup IP Camera is to assign a static IP address so the camera can work with your network. So far the Edimax IP Cam Admin utility is Windows based only and the program can not work for Macintosh computers. Macintosh users can follow this guide to set up Edimax IP camera. Step 1. Understand the IP address used in your network. Have your Macintosh computer operate as usual. Go into System Preferences. In System Preferences, Go to Network. Select the adapter you are using. It could be an Airport card, a third- party Wireless card, or an Ethernet Adapter. Write down the IP address, subnet mask, Router, and DNS server address. We have a usb wireless card in this example. Its IP address 10.0.1.2 told us that the IP addresses used in the network are 10.0.1.x. All the devices in the network have the first three octets the same, but the last octet number must be different. We decide to give our new camera an IP address 10.0.1.100 because no other computer device use 10.0.1.100. We temporarily disconnect the wireless adapter. You can turn off your Airport adapter if you use it to get on Internet. -
Computer Bus Characteristics
Upendra Sharma (upsharma.in) Computer Bus A bus, in computing, is a set of physical connections (cables, printed circuits, etc.) which can be shared by multiple hardware components in order to communicate with one another. The purpose of buses is to reduce the number of "pathways" needed for communication between the components, by carrying out all communications over a single data channel. This is why the metaphor of a "data highway" is sometimes used. If only two hardware components communicate over the line, it is called a hardware port (such as a serial port or parallel port). Characteristics A bus is characterised by the amount of information that can be transmitted at once. This amount, expressed in bits, corresponds to the number of physical lines over which data is sent simultaneously. A 32-wire ribbon cable can transmit 32 bits in parallel. The term "width" is used to refer to the number of bits that a bus can transmit at once. Additionally, the bus speed is also defined by its frequency (expressed in Hertz), the number of data packets sent or received per second. Each time that data is sent or received is called a cycle. This way, it is possible to find the maximum transfer speed of the bus, the amount of data which it can transport per unit of time, by multiplying its width by its frequency. A bus with a width of 16 bits and a frequency of 133 MHz, therefore, has a transfer speed equal to: Upendra Sharma (upsharma.in) Types of Buses In reality, each bus is generally constituted of 50 to 100 distinct physical lines, divided into three subassemblies: The address bus (sometimes called the memory bus) transports memory addresses which the processor wants to access in order to read or write data. -
PCI EXPRESS® CARD EDGE CONNECTORS Extend Differential Signaling to 8.0GB/S for New Generation Systems
BOARD/WIRE-TO-BOARD CONNECTORS PCI EXPRESS® CARD EDGE CONNECTORS Extend differential signaling to 8.0GB/S for new generation systems OVERVIEW These 1.0mm pitch, vertical card edge connectors from FCI enable all generations of PCI Express® signaling in desktop PCs, workstations, and servers. The connector designs provide support for 2.5Gb/s (Gen1), 5.0Gb/s (Gen2), and the recent update to 8.0Gb/s (Gen3) per differential signal pair. The base connector family provides x1, x4, x8, or x16 link widths to suit different bandwidth requirements. The basic bandwidth (x1) version supports a single PCI Express lane and is typically used for I/O cards in desktop PCs. The x4 and x8 connectors provide 64 and 98 contacts, respectively, for server I/O. The high bandwidth versions (x16 lanes and higher) are used for applications that require even more bandwidth, such as graphics cards in desktop PCs or riser cards in servers. FCI’s expansive range of available PCI Express card edge connectors includes options for through-hole solder, press-fit, surface-mount, or straddle-mount termination. FEATURES & BENEFITS TARGET MARKETS/APPLICATIONS • Base connector range offers 1, 4, 8, or 16 serial • Data PCI Express links for different bandwidth requirements • Desktop PCs • Options for through-hole solder, press-fit, • Servers surface-mount, or straddle-mount termination • Workstations • Press-fit version provides a solderless alternative for • Industrial termination to thick PCBs • SHB Express™ backplanes per PICMG 1.3 spec • Larger 200, 230 (x24), and 280-position -
IEEE 802.1Aq Standard, Is a Computer Networking Technology Intended to Simplify the Creation and Configuration of Networks, While Enabling Multipath Routing
Brought to you by: Brian Miller Yuri Spillman - Specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing. - Link State Protocol - Based on IS-IS -The standard is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols such as IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1w, and IEEE 802.1s. These blocked any redundant paths that could result in layer 2(Data Link Layer), whereas IEEE 802.1aq allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies. 802.1aq is an amendment to the "Virtual Bridge Local Area Networks“ and adds Shortest Path Bridging (SPB). Shortest path bridging, which is undergoing IEEE’s standardization process, is meant to replace the spanning tree protocol (STP). STP was created to prevent bridge loops by allowing only one path between network switches or ports. When a network segment goes down, an alternate path is chosen and this process can cause unacceptable delays in a data center network. The ability to use all available physical connectivity, because loop avoidance uses a Control Plane with a global view of network topology Fast restoration of connectivity after failure, again because of Link State routing's global view of network topology Under failure, the property that only directly affected traffic is impacted during restoration; all unaffected traffic just continues Ideas are rejected by IEEE 802.1. accepted by the IETF and the TRILL WG is formed. Whoops, there is a problem. They start 802.1aq for spanning tree based shortest path bridging Whoops, spanning tree doesn’t hack it. -
2-Port USB 3.0 PCI Express Card USB Peripherals
Model 8402 2-Port USB 3.0 PCI Express Card USB Peripherals The USRobotics USB 3.0 PCI Express card easily adds 2 USB 3.0 ports to your computer. Connect super speed peripherals like USB 3.0 external hard drives, digital video cameras, high-resolution webcams and save time with faster transfer rates of up to 5 Gbps. The blazing fast 5 Gbps transfer rate is up to 10 times faster than USB 2.0 (480 Mbps). The USB 3.0 ports are backward compatible so while the card is capable of super speed transfers, it also supports USB 2.0 and USB 1.1 speeds. Simultaneous transfers automaticallly detect USB type and transfer data at the maximum rate for each individual port. Blazing Fast data transfer with USB 3.0 USB 3.0 - the new • Connect any USB 3.0 device to your computer • Compatible with USB 3.0 specifi cation standard • Backwards compatible with USB 2.0/1.1 devices Get the speed • Super Speed transfer rates up to 5 Gbps • Up to 10 times faster than USB 2.0 you need • Each port detects native USB speed and transfers data at the maximum rate for each port Powered USB Ports • Each port provides up to 900 mA of power when used with ATX power connector • Ideal for power hungry USB devices Easy Install • Plug & Play • Hot Swappable Applications • Add USB 3.0 connections to a desktop that may only have USB 2.0 or 1.1 • Expand USB connections by adding 2 additional USB ports • Connect additional peripherals such as external hard drives, printers, scanners, digital cameras, video cameras, video surveillance cameras, video display solutions, media devices, etc. -
2 Port Flush Mount Expresscard 54Mm Superspeed USB 3.0 Card Adapter Startech ID: ECUSB3S254F
2 Port Flush Mount ExpressCard 54mm SuperSpeed USB 3.0 Card Adapter StarTech ID: ECUSB3S254F The ECUSB3S254F 2-Port Flush Mount USB 3.0 ExpressCard Adapter uses a unique form factor design that allows it to sit fully in a standard 54mm laptop ExpressCard slot without sticking out. When inserted, the USB 3.0 ports provided by the ExpressCard adapter sit flush with the sides of the laptop, creating a seamless add-on that can be left installed even while on the move, without having to worry about impact damage to either the card or the ExpressCard slot. The SuperSpeed USB 3.0 Card supports data transfer rates of up to 5Gbps, and is backward compatible with USB 2.0 (at up to 480Mbps), or USB 1.1/1.0 at up to 12/1.5 Mbps respectively - the perfect laptop accessory for users to connect USB devices, both new and old. Applications Users who need USB connectivity, but do not need to swap between other ExpressCard adapters, so will leave the card installed in the card slot Mobile users who want to leave ExpressCard adapters installed, without worry about damaging the card or slot while on the move Connect high performance USB 3.0 external storage devices to a laptop Upgrade an older laptop with USB 3.0 connectivity Expand on your laptop expansion capabilities with additional USB ports Features Unique flush-mount form factor design Two SuperSpeed USB 3.0 compliant ports with support for transfer rates up to 5 Gbps Backward compatible with USB 2.0/1.x devices Compliant with USB 3.0 base specification 1.0 and xHCI specification 0.95 Compliant with -
M.2 Drive to U.2 (SFF-8639) Host Adapter for M.2 Pcie Nvme Ssds
M.2 Drive to U.2 (SFF-8639) Host Adapter for M.2 PCIe NVMe SSDs Product ID: U2M2E125 This PCI Express M.2 to U.2 adapter makes it easy to install an M.2 PCIe NVMe SSD into your desktop PC or server, and connect to the drive through an available U.2 (SFF-8639) compatible interface on your motherboard. Upgrade your system cost-effectively The M.2 to U.2 adapter is ideal for IT professionals, system integrators and installers, and enthusiasts who are building or upgrading a server or desktop computer. It supports one M.2 PCIe NVMe SSD (M- Key), providing a cost-effective way to add M.2 NVMe performance to your computer or server through an available U.2 (SFF-8639) compatible interface on your motherboard. Easy installation The M.2 to U.2 adapter works with all desktop PCs and servers that have an available drive bay or a U.2 (SFF-8639) compatible host interface. The adapter card is OS independent, so there are no drivers or software required for installation. www.startech.com/uk 0800 169 0408 The U2M2E125 is backed by a StarTech.com 2-year warranty and free lifetime technical support. www.startech.com/uk 0800 169 0408 Certifications, Reports Applications and Compatibility • Connect an M.2 NVMe SSD to your computer or server through an available U.2 (SFF-8639) slot to boost system speed and increase internal data storage • Ideal for IT professionals, system integrators and installers, and enthusiasts who are building or upgrading a computer or server solution • Get ultra-fast data access, ideal for high-performance workstations Features • -
Introduction to Spanning Tree Protocol by George Thomas, Contemporary Controls
Volume6•Issue5 SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2005 © 2005 Contemporary Control Systems, Inc. Introduction to Spanning Tree Protocol By George Thomas, Contemporary Controls Introduction powered and its memory cleared (Bridge 2 will be added later). In an industrial automation application that relies heavily Station 1 sends a message to on the health of the Ethernet network that attaches all the station 11 followed by Station 2 controllers and computers together, a concern exists about sending a message to Station 11. what would happen if the network fails? Since cable failure is These messages will traverse the the most likely mishap, cable redundancy is suggested by bridge from one LAN to the configuring the network in either a ring or by carrying parallel other. This process is called branches. If one of the segments is lost, then communication “relaying” or “forwarding.” The will continue down a parallel path or around the unbroken database in the bridge will note portion of the ring. The problem with these approaches is the source addresses of Stations that Ethernet supports neither of these topologies without 1 and 2 as arriving on Port A. This special equipment. However, this issue is addressed in an process is called “learning.” When IEEE standard numbered 802.1D that covers bridges, and in Station 11 responds to either this standard the concept of the Spanning Tree Protocol Station 1 or 2, the database will (STP) is introduced. note that Station 11 is on Port B. IEEE 802.1D If Station 1 sends a message to Figure 1. The addition of Station 2, the bridge will do ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1D, 1998 edition addresses the Bridge 2 creates a loop. -
NVM Express and the PCI Express* SSD Revolution SSDS003
NVM Express and the PCI Express* SSD Revolution Danny Cobb, CTO Flash Memory Business Unit, EMC Amber Huffman, Sr. Principal Engineer, Intel SSDS003 Agenda • NVM Express (NVMe) Overview • New NVMe Features in Enterprise & Client • Driver Ecosystem for NVMe • NVMe Interoperability and Plugfest Plans • EMC’s Perspective: NVMe Use Cases and Proof Points The PDF for this Session presentation is available from our Technical Session Catalog at the end of the day at: intel.com/go/idfsessions URL is on top of Session Agenda Pages in Pocket Guide 2 Agenda • NVM Express (NVMe) Overview • New NVMe Features in Enterprise & Client • Driver Ecosystem for NVMe • NVMe Interoperability and Plugfest Plans • EMC’s Perspective: NVMe Use Cases and Proof Points 3 NVM Express (NVMe) Overview • NVM Express is a scalable host controller interface designed for Enterprise and client systems that use PCI Express* SSDs • NVMe was developed by industry consortium of 80+ members and is directed by a 13-company Promoter Group • NVMe 1.0 was published March 1, 2011 • Product introductions later this year, first in Enterprise 4 Technical Basics • The focus of the effort is efficiency, scalability and performance – All parameters for 4KB command in single 64B DMA fetch – Supports deep queues (64K commands per Q, up to 64K queues) – Supports MSI-X and interrupt steering – Streamlined command set optimized for NVM (6 I/O commands) – Enterprise: Support for end-to-end data protection (i.e., DIF/DIX) – NVM technology agnostic 5 NVMe = NVM Express NVMe Command Execution 7 1 -
Power Over Ethernet
How To | Power over Ethernet Introduction Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology allowing devices such as IP telephones to receive power over existing LAN cabling. This technical note is in four parts as follows: • PoE Technology • How PoE works • Allied Telesyn PoE implementation • Command Reference What information will you find in this document? The first two parts of this document describe the PoE technology, and the installation and management advantages that PoE can provide. This is followed by an overview of how PoE works, Power Device(PD) discovery, PD classification, and the delivery of power to PD data cables. The third part of this document focuses on Allied Telesyn’s implementation of PoE on the AT-8624PoE switch. The document concludes with a list of configuration and monitoring commands. Which product and software version does this information apply to? The information provided here applies to: • Products: AT8624PoE switch • Software version: 2.6.5 C613-16048-00 REV C www.alliedtelesyn.com PoE Technology Power over Ethernet is a mechanism for supplying power to network devices over the same cabling used to carry network traffic. PoE allows devices that require power, called Powered Devices (PDs), such as IP telephones, wireless LAN Access Points, and network cameras to receive power in addition to data, over existing infrastructure without needing to upgrade it. This feature can simplify network installation and maintenance by using the switch as a central power source for other network devices. A device that can source power such as an Ethernet switch is termed Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE). Power Sourcing Equipment can provide power, along with data, over existing LAN cabling to Powered Devices. -
PCI20EX PCI Express (Pcie)
PCI20EX PCI Express (PCIe) Bus ARCNET® Network Interface Modules INSTALLATION GUIDE INTRODUCTION The PCI20EX series of ARCNET network interface modules (NIMs) links PCI Express (PCIe) bus compatible computers with the ARCNET local area network (LAN). Since most PC motherboards have migrated from the legacy PCI and PCI-X Bus, a PCI Express style NIM is required. The PCI20EX series is compliant to the PCI Express Card Electromechanical Specification Revision 2.0 and both standard height and low-profile brackets are provided. The PCI Express interface allows for jumperless configuration and Plug and Play operation. The module operates with either an NDIS driver or a null stack driver in a Windows® environment. The PCI20EX incorporates the COM20022 ARCNET controller chip with enhanced features over the earlier generation ARCNET chips. New features include command chaining, sequential access to internal RAM, duplicate node ID detection and variable data rates up to 10 Mbps. Bus contention problems are minimized since the module’s interrupt and I/O base address are assigned through Plug and Play. The PCI20EX exploits the new features of the COM20022 which includes 10 Mbps communications utilizing the various EIA-485 transceiver options. Each PCI20EX module has two LEDs on the board for monitoring network operation and bus access to the module. It is equipped with an 8 position, general purpose DIP switch typically used to assign the ARCNET node address. Ultimately, the node address is configured via software so the DIP switch can also indicate user-defined functions such as data rate, cable interface, or master/slave status of the system.