THE AMERICAN MUSICAL H+ Block, Tuesday & Thursday 1:30-2:45
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DR 33: THE AMERICAN MUSICAL H+ Block, Tuesday & Thursday 1:30-2:45, Tisch 316 Sunday Screenings: 7:30-10:30, Tisch 316 Professor Barbara W. Grossman Office: Aidekman 207 (on the second floor of Aidekman, just past the door on the RIGHT side of Cohen balcony) Phone: Email: Office Hours: T & TH 4-5 and by appointment Teaching Assistants: Virginia Anderson, Jenna Kubly, Office hours by appointment. Course Description An introduction to a vibrant art form, this course will explore the American musical in all its variety and vitality. On stage and screen from The Black Crook (1866) to The Producers (2001), Cabaret (1966) to Caroline, or Change (2004), Show Boat (1927) to Spamalot (2005), we will focus on outstanding productions and the composers, lyricists, librettists, directors, designers, choreographers, performers, and producers who created them. Using films, images, and sound recordings (original cast and revivals), we will consider the musical as a reflection of American popular culture: the expression of fantasy and nostalgia, sentimentalism and chauvinism, racism and sexism, social protest and enduring optimism. At a time when roughly three out of every four Broadway musicals ends in economic failure, we will examine the fundamental tension between the art of creating musicals and the business of musical theatre, between artistic achievement and commercial success. We will consider the American musical from at least three different perspectives[1]: 1. As a work of art with unique conventions of aesthetics and form. To this end, we will ask: How do the different elements of the musical – script, blocking (stage movement), casting, acting (characterization, gesture, voice), music, lyrics, choreography, and design – work together to create a performance? What are the conventions of the musical and how did they develop over the course of the 20th century? 2. As an entertainment media that shaped and was shaped by its historical and cultural context. To this end, we will ask: Why have musicals been an important part of U.S. culture? What is their relationship to other entertainment media? st 3. As a viable performance form for the 21 century. To this end, we will ask: Why do musicals continue to be popular? What is significant about their popularity? How do they function as a form of art, culture, and entertainment today? Which musicals should be revived and performed, and why, and how? Goals of the course include: 1. Understanding musicals as texts and as performances, which include music, lyrics, script, staging, design, and dance. 2. Describing the development of the musical as an important element of American culture. 3. Identifying the contributions of significant creators of musicals. 4. Theorizing the significance of a given musical as a form of art and entertainment in its cultural context. 5. Considering the musical as contemporary-historical performance. Required and Recommended Texts The following books are available at the Tufts Bookstore. They are also on reserve for this class in the Music Library, located on the basement level of the Aidekman Arts Center (underneath Cohen Auditorium): Required (in order of use): 1. Raymond Knapp, The American Musical and the Formation of National Identity (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005). 2. Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman, Pacific Overtures (New York: TCG, 1991). 3. Arthur Laurents, Leonard Bernstein, and Stephen Sondheim, West Side Story in Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story (New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1965). 4. Arthur Laurents, Stephen Sondheim, Jule Styne, Gypsy (New York: TCG, 1994). 5. Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler, Sweeney Todd (New York: Applause, 1991). 6. The New American Musical, ed. Wiley Hausam (New York: TCG, 2003). 7. Tony Kushner and Jeanine Tesori, Caroline, or Change (New York: TCG, 2004). 8. Steven Adler, On Broadway: Art and Commerce on the Great White Way (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2004). 9. COURSE READER available in the DRAMA OFFICE, which is just off Cohen Lobby on the left and is open M-F from 9-4. 3 Recommended: 10. William A. Everett and Paul R. Laird, eds., The Cambridge Companion to the Musical (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002). On backorder, due in late September. Required Performance: Torn Ticket II’s production of The Wild Party, December 1-3, Balch Arena Theater. Tickets will be available at the Arena Box Office later in the semester. Other productions of interest this fall in Boston: · Carmen, September 3-October 8, American Repertory Theater, Cambridge, www.amrep.org · Urinetown, September 9-October 15, Lyric Stage, Boston, www.lyricstage.com · Pulp, September 29-October 15, Boston Theatre Works, Boston Center for the Arts, www.bostontheatreworks.com · Hairspray, October 4-16, Opera House, Boston, www.broadwayinboston.com · Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, Colonial Theatre, Boston, www.broadwayinboston.com If you know of others, please share the information! COURSE REQUIREMENTS: 1. ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION (10% of course grade) Although this is a large class, your attendance matters. More than 3 absences without a valid excuse will lower your grade for the semester. I welcome your participation in class, whenever possible, and recommend that you attend the Sunday evening film screenings which Ginny Anderson and Jenna Kubly will conduct. If you have to miss a screening, make sure to watch the film on your own, preferably before the class for which it is assigned. I may occasionally ask you to respond on Blackboard to a question that arises in class. 2. MIDTERM PAPER (20% of course grade) Instead of an in-class midterm exam, there will be a paper (5-7 pages) due on Thursday, October 20. A detailed explanation of this assignment and a list of possible topics will follow shortly. 4 3. FINAL PAPER OR PROJECT (30% of course grade) You have three options for this assignment: · a paper (10-12 pages) due on Thursday, December 8 · a design project due on Thursday, December 8 · a performance project to be presented in the Arena on Tuesday or Thursday, December 6 and 8 (and possibly on Sunday, December 4, depending on the number of projects) A detailed explanation of each of these options will follow shortly. All written work for this class should be: · Typed in 12-pt font · Double-spaced · Proofread for grammar, spelling, and coherence · Stapled together. In addition, make sure that you leave 1” margins all around, number your pages and put your name on each one. 4. FINAL EXAMINATION (40% of course grade) There will be an in-class final exam on Wednesday, December 14, from 3:30-5:30pm in the time slot reserved for H+ Block classes in the University exam schedule. ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY, so please make your travel plans accordingly. Do NOT plan to leave campus for vacation until AFTER this exam. You will get more detailed instructions about this exam, which will cover the entire semester’s work, later on. Additional Information: · There is a site for this course on Blackboard: http://blackboard.tufts.edu · There are MANY books on reserve for this course in the Music Library. Librarian Abigail Al-Doory will be happy to help you. · There are MANY films on reserve in the Tisch Media Center. See either Richard Fleischer or Stacy Howe for assistance if you need it. [Hard copies of both reserve lists will follow shortly.] COURSE CALENDAR “Musicals played a formative role in our collective myth-making for nearly a century, giving us the words and music for the American Dream…But the American Dream has come under rigorous scrutiny in the last forty years…as America’s dream becomes increasingly threadbare, so has the art form that best promoted it. In this, at least, the musical remains the perfect metaphor for the time.” n John Lahr, author and critic “Musical theatre is the ultimate collaboration. In the best of all possible worlds, it starts from the top, when you pick people who can fulfill a creative obligation, using their own particular talent. If you pick the right people, not just on stage but behind the scenes, the boundaries of who does what move and out of each other and wonderful things begin to happen.” n Donna McKechnie, performer “I’m often asked where I think the musical theatre is heading. It’s one question I always try to dodge because I don’t think it’s heading anywhere until it’s already been there. One night a show opens and suddenly there’s a whole new concept. But it isn’t the result of a trend; it’s because one, two, three people sat down and sweated over an idea that somehow clicked and broke loose. It can be about anything and take off in any direction, and when it works, there’s your present and your future.” n Richard Rodgers, composer “You have two kinds of shows on Broadway – revivals and the same kind of musicals over and over again, all spectacles…It has to do with seeing what is familiar. We live in a recycled culture.” n Stephen Sondheim, composer, lyricist “Musicals are just songs and a narrative onstage. And there can be all kinds. The tradition is sturdy enough. I don’t think there’s anything bad about this. The only bad thing is if they’re done badly. Ultimately, it’s taste I’m more worried about.” n John Cameron Mitchell, creator and star of Hedwig and the Angry Inch “No one expects a Broadway musical comedy to be in the vanguard of what is bohemian, raunchy, folkloric, academic or aggressively experimental. That is not its job. Its job is to synthesize musical and social traditions with high-styled vivacity, especially those that dwell on different sides of the tracks in real life.