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Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2018 The Production of Space: Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon Christian Calienes The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2526 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE PRODUCTION OF SPACE Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon By Christian Calienes A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Earth and Environmental Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2018 i © 2018 CHRISTIAN CALIENES All Rights Reserved ii The Production of Space: Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon by Christian Calienes This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Earth & Environmental Sciences in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date Inés Miyares Chair of Examining Committee Date Cindi Katz Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Inés Miyares Thomas Angotti Mark Ungar THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT The Production of Space: Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon By Christian Calienes Advisor: Inés Miyares The resistance movement that resulted in the Baguazo in the northern Peruvian Amazon in 2009 was the culmination of a series of social, economic, political and spatial processes that reflected the Peruvian nation’s engagement with global capitalism and democratic consolidation after decades of crippling instability and chaos. -
Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution India and the Contemporary World Society Ofthefuture
Socialism in Europe and II the Russian Revolution Chapter 1 The Age of Social Change In the previous chapter you read about the powerful ideas of freedom and equality that circulated in Europe after the French Revolution. The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was structured. As you have read, before the eighteenth century society was broadly divided into estates and orders and it was the aristocracy and church which controlled economic and social power. Suddenly, after the revolution, it seemed possible to change this. In many parts of the world including Europe and Asia, new ideas about individual rights and who olution controlled social power began to be discussed. In India, Raja v Rammohan Roy and Derozio talked of the significance of the French Revolution, and many others debated the ideas of post-revolutionary Europe. The developments in the colonies, in turn, reshaped these ideas of societal change. ian Re ss Not everyone in Europe, however, wanted a complete transformation of society. Responses varied from those who accepted that some change was necessary but wished for a gradual shift, to those who wanted to restructure society radically. Some were ‘conservatives’, others were ‘liberals’ or ‘radicals’. What did these terms really mean in the context of the time? What separated these strands of politics and what linked them together? We must remember that these terms do not mean the same thing in all contexts or at all times. We will look briefly at some of the important political traditions of the nineteenth century, and see how they influenced change. -
Revolution, Not Reform
Revolution, Not Reform Revolution, Not Reform by Jordan Levi Published by: The World Socialist Party of the United States P.O. Box 44024, Boston, MA 02144 September, 2019 ISBN 9781097623600 Dedicated to Earth and all of its offspring past, present, and future. May we make it through these trying times with sound reason. “In modern agriculture, as in the urban industries, the increased productiveness and quantity of the labour set in motion are bought at the cost of laying waste and consuming by disease labour-power itself. Moreover, all progress in capitalistic agriculture is a prog- ress in the art, not only of robbing the labourer, but of robbing the soil; all progress in increasing the fertility of the soil for a given time, is a progress towards ruining the lasting sources of that fer- tility. The more a country starts its development on the foundation of modern industry, like the United States, for example, the more rapid is this process of destruction. Capitalist production, there- fore, develops technology, and the combining together of various processes into a social whole, only by sapping the original sources of all wealth-the soil and the labourer” -Karl Marx, Capital, Volume 1, Chapter 15, Section 10 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ...................................................................... 7 Foreword ...................................................................................... 9 Preface ......................................................................................... 11 Introduction: Dystopia ............................................................ -
Shapiro, Resisting Domination Across Borders
Ian Shapiro, Politics Against Domination © Harvard University Press Chapter Six Resisting Domination Across Borders With world government off the table, how should we think about the place of national boundaries in resisting domination? The challenges are legion. Aggressive leaders unleash attacks to seize territory or subjugate populations, as Napoleon and Hitler sought to do in much of Europe, Saddam Hussein tried in Kuwait, and some believe Vladimir Putin hopes to do with nations comprising the former USSR. Secessionist movements push to dismember states. This can be straightforward and benign, as with Czechs and Slovaks, Scottish nationalists, and the Canadian Québécois. But separatists can harbor more unsettling plans. Catholics in Northern Ireland want to leave the United Kingdom, but they also want to reunite with the Irish Republic. Kurds in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey want to carve a Kurdish state out of those countries. Such aspirations inevitably conflict with other visions of national identity embraced by defenders of the status quo. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a paradigm, if chronic, illustration. There are many more peoples than nations, not to mention conflicting understandings of the aspirations of the same peoples. In much of the Middle East today, Sunnis and Shiites battle among themselves and with one another over whose account will prevail, just as Catholics and Protestants frequently did in seventeenth century Europe. The nation state system – any nation state system – is bound to collide with these realities. Sometimes, but only sometimes, people seek national boundary changes democratically. Scottish nationalists tried that unsuccessfully in 2014, but it can succeed. Czechs and Slovaks separated democratically in 1992. -
THE PEASANTS AS a REVOLUTIONARY CLASS: an Early Latin American View
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Government and International Affairs Faculty Government and International Affairs Publications 5-1-1978 The eP asants as a Revolutionary Class: An Early Latin American View Harry E. Vanden University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gia_facpub Part of the Government Contracts Commons, and the International Relations Commons Scholar Commons Citation Vanden, Harry E., "The eP asants as a Revolutionary Class: An Early Latin American View" (1978). Government and International Affairs Faculty Publications. 93. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gia_facpub/93 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Government and International Affairs at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Government and International Affairs Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HARRY E. VANDEN Department of Political Science University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33620 THE PEASANTS AS A REVOLUTIONARY CLASS: An Early Latin American View We do not regard Marx's theory as something completed and inviolable; on the contrary, we are convinced that it has only laid the foundation stone of the science which socialists must develop in all directions if they wish to keep pace with life. V. I. Lenin (Our Program) The peasant is one of the least understood and most abused actors on the modern political stage. He is maligned for his political passivity and distrust of national political movements. Yet, most of the great twentieth-century revolutions in the Third World have, according to most scholars, been peasant based (Landsberger, 1973: ix; Wolf, 1969). -
Is Lenin Still In? the 100 Years After the October Revolution
Is Lenin still In? The 100 years after the October Revolution By Eric Mann This month marks the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution of October 1917. As we in the United States try to imagine a revolutionary opposition to the U.S. imperialist system a great appreciation of the achievements of the Russian revolution and the Soviet Union is a critical part of our revolutionary future. The Russian revolution created the Soviet Union—the first “workers state” and the first successful revolution that survived the world imperialist counterrevolution. The Bolshevik Party (the first communist party) was part of a united front of parties that seized power from the reactionary feudal Tsar in the February revolution of 1917. Then in October 1917 the Bolsheviks overthrew the forces of capitalism and seized state power from the social democratic Kerensky government. The Russian revolution came to power as an anti-war movement against the forces in Russia that wanted to continue World War I—one of the greatest imperialist bloodbaths of all time in which more than 18 million “workers of the world” were sent to their deaths by the capitalist governments of Europe with strong support from their “socialist” parties. The Bolshevik Party and Soviet State built its own military and police, defended themselves against external and internal capitalist attack, and survived in a hostile world for 72 years—a true miracle against all odds. From the perspective of the world’s exploited and oppressed people this was a profound achievement in human history and offered them an optimistic vision of their own future. -
Prisoners of Conscience AI Index
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Peru: Prisoners of Conscience AI Index: AMR 46/09/96 Distr: SC/CC/CO/PG INTERNATIONAL SECRETARIAT, 1 Easton Street, London, WC1X 8DJ, UK 2 “The control mechanisms established by the [....] anti-terrorism law do not work well. The filters are calibrated to catch both camel and mosquito. Crimes are so ill-defined that anyone could be accused of anything by anybody, and be convicted by them.” “The President ... assured [us] that cases that revealed ‘compelling evidence of innocence’ would be reviewed. Let’s not be mean about it; this is encouraging.” Hubert Lanssiers i, Los Dientes del Dragón, December 1995 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1.THE ANTI-TERRORISM LAWS AND PRISONERS OF CONSCIENCE 2.“WITH A HUMAN FACE” - 10 ILLUSTRATIVE CASES OF PERUVIAN PRISONERS OF CONSCIENCE 3.SHINING PATH, THE MRTA AND HUMAN RIGHTS 4.RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDIX 1Features of the anti-terrorism laws and unfair trials APPENDIX 2International standards for the protection of human rights, including aspects of the right to a fair trial APPENDIX 3Amnesty International’s reports on human rights violations in Peru published since 1993 THE NAMES: 122 INDIVIDUALS ADOPTED AS “PRISONERS OF CONSCIENCE” BY AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL ENDNOTES 4 INTRODUCTION In its annual report on the human rights situation in Peru, published at the “... there have been trials and convictions beginning of 1996, the National [for crimes of terrorism] on the basis of Coordinating Committee for Human Rights uncorroborated or frankly fraudulent (CNDDHH) states that between May 1992 information...”ii and December 1995 “the groups linked to the CNDDHH have taken on 1,390 cases of - Ministry of Justice, July 1995 people unjustly implicated in crimes of terrorism and treason. -
Unfinished States
2 Unfinished States Historical Perspectives on the Andes JEREMY ADELMAN NDEAN STATES ARE, MORE THAN MOST COUNTRIES, Aworks in progress. Formed states are a species of political system in which subjects accept and are able to live by some set of basic ground rules and norms governing public affairs. Being finished need not imply an end to politics or history, but simply that a significant majority of a country’s population acknowledges the legitimacy of ruling systems and especially the rules that determine how rules are supposed to change. For historical reasons, this is not the case in the Andes. In Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela (the countries analyzed in this chapter), important swaths of societies either do not accept some underlying rules or could not live by them even if they did accept them. This is not a recent prob- lem. Indeed, one of the principal difficulties facing Colombians, Peru- vians, and Venezuelans is that they cannot easily turn to a golden (and often mythic) age of stateness. Each Andean republic bears the imprint of earlier struggles involving the definition of statehood from the nineteenth century, conflicts that have expressed themselves in different but still 41 42 JEREMY ADELMAN unsettled outcomes to the present. This long-term historical process dis- tinguishes the Andes from other regions in Latin America, from Mexico to the Southern Cone, where consolidated models of order and development (punctuated, to be sure, by moments of upheaval) prevailed for enough time to remap the human landscape within each country and to furnish these countries with the means to cope with the manifold pressures of globalization, yawning inequities, or the misfortunes wrought by lousy leadership. -
Two Paths to Populism: Explaining Peru's First Episode of Populist
Two Paths to Populism: Explaining Peru’s First Episode of 1 Populist Mobilization Robert S. Jansen Ph.D. Candidate Department of Sociology University of California, Los Angeles http://rjansen.bol.ucla.edu/ [email protected] ***DRAFT*** Please do not cite without requesting a more recent version from the author. ABSTRACT: Both major contenders in Peru’s 1931 presidential contest made populist mobilization a centerpiece of their political strategies. Never before had a candidate for national office so completely flouted traditional channels of political power and so thoroughly staked his political aspirations on the mobilization of support from non-elite segments of the population. This paper asks: Why did these two candidates pursue novel populist strategies at this particular historical juncture? The first part of the paper identifies the conditions that encouraged Peruvian politicians to pursue populist mobilization in 1931; it also explains why populist mobilization had never before been undertaken in Peru. An adequate explanation of populist mobilization, however, must also trace the social processes by which objective conditions translate into the selection of specific lines of action by political leaders. The second part of this paper thus assesses the socially-conditioned strategic vision of the various political actors operating in 1931. Only by adding this second step to the inquiry is it possible to answer the question of why, if all encountered the same objective conditions, some actors in the political field pursued populist strategies while others did not. Ultimately, I identify two paths to populist mobilization: an ideological route and an accidental route. Other political actors chose not to pursue populist mobilization for one of two reasons: some saw it as going too far in undermining the elite bases of the traditional political structure; others saw it as not going far enough toward fostering revolutionary change. -
Party Structure and People's War Joshua Anthony Kortze Lehigh University
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Lehigh University: Lehigh Preserve Lehigh University Lehigh Preserve Theses and Dissertations 2011 Party Structure and People's War Joshua Anthony Kortze Lehigh University Follow this and additional works at: http://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd Recommended Citation Kortze, Joshua Anthony, "Party Structure and People's War" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1280. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Lehigh Preserve. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Party Structure and People’s War by J. A. Kortze A Thesis Presented to the Graduate and Research Committee of Lehigh University in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts in Political Science Lehigh University 2 May 2011 Copyright J. A. Kortze ii Acknowledgements I am quite indebted to Dr. Nandini Deo for her patience and guidance throughout the process of writing this thesis. With her gracious help and support, combined with her general perspicacity, I was able to take an inchoate set of ideas on Maoist rebel groups and turn it into a fairly coherent final product. I would also like to thank Ranjan Kamath for affording me time for an interview. His knowledge of the Naxalite insurgency in India was astounding, and his keen observations after traveling throughout India suggest the dangers of underdevelopment and illustrate the appeal of the Maoist rebels. Dr. Rick Matthews, Dr. Holona Ochs, Dr. Vera Fennell and Joseph Haas were all quite instrumental in reading the various drafts of this thesis and offering very useful feedback and constructive criticism, and for that, I am grateful. -
A Discussion Bulletin for the Anti State, Non Market Socialist/Anarchist Sector
---------------------------------------------------------- A Discussion Bulletin for the Anti State, Non Market Socialist/Anarchist sector £1 Issue no 14 May to July 2011 Bringing ideas together Marx Goldman Luxemburg Bakunin Aim: the creation of a World wide Libertarian Communist Society. 2 The Libertarian Communist Issue 14 May to July 2011 The purpose of The Libertarian Communist is to promote discussion amongst the Anti State, Non Market sector irrespective of whether individuals or groups consider themselves as Anarchist, Communist or Socialist as all such titles are in need of further qualification. If you have disagreements with an article in this or any other issue, wish to offer comment or want to contribute something else to the discussion then please get in touch. If any article focuses on a particular group then that group has, as a matter of course, the right to reply. So please get in touch with your article, letters and comments. You can do this by contacting [email protected] or writing to Ray Carr, Flat 1, 99 Princess Road, Branksome, Poole, Dorset BH12 1BQ. ========================================================================== Contents Page 2: The cover, this issue and the next. Page 3: Letter: More on the Money Thing: Kathy Summerson Page 3: Problems of Revolution: Reconsidering Organisation and the Role of Communists: R.S Page 8: Why is Robin Cox not growing? A reply to why the World Socialist Movement is not Growing issues 12/13.: Kathy Summerson Page 10: Workers control in the Spanish Revolution 1936: Alan Woodward Page 12: Revolution: three strategies, three groups of theory: Laurens Otter Page 14: Death toll mounts from 2009 defeat of Ssangyong strike: Loren Goldner Page 15/16: Details and contact information for groups in the Anti State, Non Market Sector. -
Country Fact Sheet PERU March 2007
Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///I:/country_ip/canada_coi/peru/Country Fact Sheet.htm Français Home Contact Us Help Search canada.gc.ca Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Home Country Fact Sheet PERU March 2007 Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. Table of Contents 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. POLITICAL BACKGROUND 3. POLITICAL PARTIES 4. ARMED GROUPS AND OTHER NON-STATE ACTORS ENDNOTES REFERENCES 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Official name Republic of Peru (República del Perú). Geography Located in Western South America, along the Pacific Ocean (between Chile and Ecuador). 1,285,220 sq km. The climate in the eastern part of the country is tropical; it is dry in the West, cold in the Andes. Peru 1 of 10 9/17/2013 9:05 AM Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///I:/country_ip/canada_coi/peru/Country Fact Sheet.htm and Bolivia share control of Lago Titicaca. Population and density Population: 27,952,000 (2005 estimate). Density: 21.5. Principal cities and populations Lima (capital) 8,550,000 (2005 Estimate); Arequipa 710,103 (July 1998); Trujillo 603,657 (July 1998); Callao 515,200 (1985); Chiclayo 469,200 (July 1998); Iquitos 334,013 (July 1998).