Extensions of Remarks E428 HON

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Extensions of Remarks E428 HON E428 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks March 28, 2006 claims to be democratic. This does not resem- ‘‘Sikhs must be very careful about the lead- number of San Francisco city commissions, in- ble any kind of democracy I know about. ers they follow,’’ Dr. Aulakh said. ‘‘This of- cluding the Delinquency Prevention Commis- Mr. Speaker, we must take a stand for free- fice has worked unwaveringly for a sovereign sion, the Library Commission and the Arts dom in South Asia, as we are doing elsewhere Khalistan for almost 20 years,’’ he noted. Commission. He helped secure a branch of History shows that multinational states in the world. The time has come to cut off our such as India are doomed to failure. Coun- the public library for the Excelsior, and last aid and trade with India and until basic human tries like Austria-Hungary, India’s longtime year wrote a book about the history of the rights for all people are respected there. In ad- friend the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Czecho- neighborhood. dition, we should put the Congress officially on slovakia, and others prove this point. India Walter Jebe was a respected authority on record in support of free and fair plebiscites in is not one country; it is a polyglot like those San Francisco history and taught courses Punjab, Khalistan, in Kashmir, in Nagaland, countries, thrown together for the conven- throughout San Francisco. He collected vast and all the other minority nations seeking their ience of the British colonialists. It is doomed quantities of photos and memorabilia on the freedom from India. It is time for America to to break up as they did. ‘‘We only hope that San Francisco Mid Winter Fair of 1894, the the breakup will be peaceful,’’ said Dr. show its active support for freedom, stability, Pan Pacific Exhibition of 1915, the 1939 Aulakh. World’s Fair and the 1906 Earthquake and dignity, and human rights. The Indian government has murdered over Mr. Speaker, the Council of Khalistan has Fire. 250,000 Sikhs since 1984, more than 300,000 As a prominent member of the San Fran- published a very good release on the state- Christians in Nagaland, over 90,000 Muslims ment by Dal Khalsa and the Shiromani Khalsa in Kashmir, tens of thousands of Christians cisco History Association, he headed the task Dal. I would like to add it to the RECORD now and Muslims throughout the country, and force that negotiated a deal for the Federal for the information of my colleagues. tens of thousands of Tamils, Assamese, Government to turn over the Old Mint at Fifth and Mission streets to a nonprofit organization SIKHS ARRESTED IN INDIA FOR SPEAKING FOR Manipuris, and others. The Indian Supreme KHALISTAN Court called the Indian government’s mur- to become a history museum. The Old Mint is ders of Sikhs ‘‘worse than a genocide.’’ WASHINGTON, DC, MARCH 15, 2006.—Sardar a San Francisco architectural gem that sur- Indian police arrested human-rights activ- Kanwarpal Singh Dhami, Chairman of Dal vived the 1906 Earthquake and Fire and ist Jaswant Singh Khalra after he exposed Khalsa, and Dr. Jagjit Singh Chohan were played a vital role in rebuilding the city. A their policy of mass cremation of Sikhs, in arrested earlier this month for speaking out member of the Old Mint Advisory Council, Mr. which over 50,000 Sikhs have been arrested, for an independent Khalistan. They were Jebe was responsible for overseeing the res- tortured, and murdered, then their bodies charged with sedition. These arrests follow were declared unidentified and secretly cre- toration project. the arrests of Sikh leaders last year belong- mated. He was murdered in police custody. With great appreciation for his fine work and ing to Dal Khalsa both in January and June His body was not given to his family. The po- service to our city, I extend my deepest sym- for hoisting the flag of Khalistan. Kanwarpal lice never released the body of former pathy to his wife of 53 years, Vivian Jebe, his Singh Dhami was arrested after saying that Jathedar of the Akal Takht Gurdev Singh son Walter and daughter Vivian, and thank the Sikh Panth could not live under someone Kaunke after SSP Swaran Singh Ghotna them, for sharing their magnificent husband else’s rule. He was accused of ‘‘. sedition, murdered him. No one has been brought to promoting enmity between different groups and father with us. He was a true San Fran- justice for the Khalra kidnapping and mur- on grounds of religion, race, doing acts prej- cisco treasure and we are diminished by his der. Yet according to a report by the Move- udicial to maintenance of harmony, imputa- passing. ment Against State Repression (MASR), tions, assertions prejudicial to national inte- 52,268 Sikhs are being held as political pris- f gration and statements conducing to public oners in India without charge or trial, some mischief.’’ The government charged that he PREPARE NOW DON’T WAIT FOR A since 1984! promoted separatist and ‘terrorist’ move- HURRICANE STRIKE Only in a free Khalistan will the Sikh Na- ments. Dal Khalsa has sponsored numerous tion prosper and get justice,’’ said Dr. HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL marches and conferences in Punjab in sup- Aulakh. ‘‘India should act like a democracy OF NEW YORK port of a free Khalistan, the Sikh homeland and allow a plebiscite on independence for that declared its independence from India on Khalistan and all the nations of South IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES October 7, 1987. It was the organizer of the Asia,’’ Dr. Aulakh said. ‘‘We must free Tuesday, March 28, 2006 Khalistan now.’’ two events at which Sikhs were arrested for Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to making speeches and raising the Khalistani f flag. It was announced today that they will call upon the United States Government to as- be joining forces with the Shiromani Khalsa TRIBUTE TO WALTER JEBE sist the islands of the Caribbean with prepara- Dal, headed by Sardar Daljit Singh Bittu, in tion for the impending 2006 hurricane season support of a free Khalistan. The Punjab and HON. NANCY PELOSI and to enter in the RECORD an editorial from Haryana High Court ruled that it is legal to the New York CaribNews entitled ‘‘Prepare ask for freedom for Khalistan, yet the Indian OF CALIFORNIA Now Don’t Wait for a Hurricane Strike’’ which government continues to treat it as a crime. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES addresses the need to take timely action now They do not even live by their own law. Tuesday, March 28, 2006 before a natural disaster occurs. Dr. Chohan said on India’s Zee TV that The impact and wreckage still linger in Gre- Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I rise to pay trib- Khalistan will be free by 2007. He has also nada from 2004 and 2005. In the aftermath of been flying the Khalistani flag and that of ute to Walter G. Jebe, a longtime community Hurricanes Ivan and Emily we realized that his party, the Khalsa Raj Party, outside his leader, businessman and historian, who died office. According to the book Chakravyuh: decades of progress was wiped away and in- of leukemia in the Veterans Hospital in Palo surmountable damage was done to 90 per Web of Indian Secularism (page 183), Dr. Alto on Feb. 25th at the age of 81. The unoffi- Chohan worked with Major General Jaswant cent of the country’s housing stock and water- Singh Bhullar, Professor Manjit Singh cial mayor of San Francisco’s Excelsior dis- sheds. Similar devastation exists throughout Sidhu, Didar Singh Bains, and others ‘‘to trict, Mr. Jebe was a champion of small busi- the islands of the Caribbean who received di- stop Sikhs living abroad’’ from supporting ness and for his neighborhood and an out- rect force of the 2004 and 2005 hurricanes. It freedom for Khalistan and connived with the spoken advocate and historian. He has left an is crucial that steps be taken to prepare for Indian government for the June 1984 attack indelible mark on our city. these tragedies long before they occur. We on the Golden Temple. Mr. Jebe was born in 1924, raised in the must have programs in place to respond im- ‘‘It is evident that the Indian government Excelsior District, graduated from Balboa High is scared of the increasing amount of peace- mediately and not wait until the disaster ful activism in Punjab in support of School, studied photography at Samuel Gom- strikes. Khalistan,’’ said Dr. Gurmit Singh Aulakh, pers trade school and was drafted into the WITH 2006 HURRICANE SEASON AROUND THE President of the Council of Khalistan, which Army. After serving our Nation, Mr. Jebe re- CORNER, A LOUD CARIBBEAN APPEAL: PRE- is leading the Sikh struggle for independ- turned to San Francisco and opened Jebe’s PARE NOW DON’T WAIT FOR A HURRICANE ence. ‘‘The time of Khalistan’s liberation is Cameras on Mission Street. He was a self- STRIKE near. India will fall apart soon,’’ he said. taught businessman, and neighboring busi- MARCH 21, 2006.—Among Caribbean leaders, ‘‘We condemn the arrests of Sardar Dhami nesses took bets on how long he would last. Dr. Keith Mitchell, Grenada’s Prime Min- and Dr. Chohan but remind the Sikh Nation He stayed in business for 45 years. ister, is undoubtedly the best person, not that it must work only with leaders who are All politics was local to Mr. Jebe, who was only to talk about the importance of pre- honest, sincere, and committed to the libera- paring a country’s response system before a tion of Khalistan.’’ Dr.
Recommended publications
  • Class Notes Class: VII Topic: Ch.10
    Class Notes Class: VII Topic: Ch.10 . 18th Century Political Formations Subject: Our Pasts –II(History) Exercise questions and answers. Let’s Recall . 1. Match the following subadar – a revenue farmer faujdar – a high noble ijaradar – provincial governor misl – Maratha peasant warriors chauth – a Mughal military commander kunbis – A band of Sikh warriors umara – tax levied by the Marathas Ans: subadar – provincial governor faujdar – a Mughal military commander ijaradar – a revenue farmer misl – A band of Sikh warriors chauth – tax levied by the Marathas kunbis – Maratha peasant warriors umara – a high noble 2. Fill in the blanks: (a) Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the ………………… (b) Umara and Jagirdars constituted powerful sections of the Mughal (c) Asaf Jah founded the Hyderabad state in …………………. (d) The founder of the Awadh state was ……………….. Ans: (a) Deccan (b) administration (c)1724 (d)Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa’adat Khan 3. State whether true or false: (a) Nadir Shah invaded Bengal. (b) Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore. (c) Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs. (d) Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century. Answer: (a)—False, (b)—False, (c)—True, (d)—True 4. What were the offices held by Sa’adat Khan? Answer: Offices held by Sa’adat Khan were: Subadari Faujdari Diwani He was responsible for managing political, military and financial affairs. 5. Why did the Nawab of Awadh and Bengal try to do away with the jagirdari system? Answer : Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal tried to do away with the jagirdari system because: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement of Changes in History Books of XI & XII Classes in Punjab
    Statement of changes in History books of XI & XII classes in Punjab Name of the book: History Class XI Sl No. Class XII (Old) Class XI (New) Chapte Chapter Name Chapt Chapter Name r No. er No. 1. I Physical features of the Punjab This chapter has been included in and their influence on its class IX history. 2. II Sources of the History of the I Sources of History of Punjab Punjab. 3. III Political, Social and Economic II Foundation of Sikh Faith” (Guru conditions of the Punjab in the Nanak Dev Ji) beginning of the 16th Century 4. IV Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s life and his teachings 5. V Development of Sikhism under III Evolution of Sikhism From Guru Guru Angad Dev Ji, Guru Amar Angad Dev Ji to Guru Arjan Dev Ji Das Ji and Guru Ram Das Ji. 6. VI Guru Arjan Dev Ji and his martyrdom. 7. VII Guru Hargobind Ji and IV Transformation of the Sikh transformation of Sikhism Religion from Guru Hargobind Ji to Guru Teg Bahadur Ji 8. VIII Guru Teg Bahadur Ji and his martyrdom 9. IX Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the V "A New Phase of Sikhism (Guru foundation of Khalsa, his Gobind Singh Ji and The Creation battles and his personality. of Khalsa)" 10. X Banda Bahadur. This chapter has been retained in Class XII as a part of Chapter 10- Towards Sikh state 11. XI Abdus Samad Khan, Zakaria This chapter has been included in Khan and Mir Mannu, their class X. Also this topic has been relations with partly discussed in chapter 10 of the Sikhs class XII 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Sikhism Reinterpreted: the Creation of Sikh Identity
    Lake Forest College Lake Forest College Publications Senior Theses Student Publications 4-16-2014 Sikhism Reinterpreted: The rC eation of Sikh Identity Brittany Fay Puller Lake Forest College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://publications.lakeforest.edu/seniortheses Part of the Asian History Commons, History of Religion Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Puller, Brittany Fay, "Sikhism Reinterpreted: The rC eation of Sikh Identity" (2014). Senior Theses. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications at Lake Forest College Publications. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Lake Forest College Publications. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sikhism Reinterpreted: The rC eation of Sikh Identity Abstract The iS kh identity has been misinterpreted and redefined amidst the contemporary political inclinations of elitist Sikh organizations and the British census, which caused the revival and alteration of Sikh history. This thesis serves as a historical timeline of Punjab’s religious transitions, first identifying Sikhism’s emergence and pluralism among Bhakti Hinduism and Chishti Sufism, then analyzing the effects of Sikhism’s conduct codes in favor of militancy following the human Guruship’s termination, and finally recognizing the identity-driven politics of colonialism that led to the partition of Punjabi land and identity in 1947. Contemporary practices of ritualism within Hinduism, Chishti Sufism, and Sikhism were also explored through research at the Golden Temple, Gurudwara Tapiana Sahib Bhagat Namdevji, and Haider Shaikh dargah, which were found to share identical features of Punjabi religious worship tradition that dated back to their origins.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Walk Booklet
    Vasadhee Saghan Apaar Anoop Raamadhaas Pur || (Ramdaspur is prosperous and thickly populated, and incomparably beautiful.) A quotation from the 5th Guru, Sri Guru Arjan Dev, describing the city of Ramdaspur (Amritsar) in Guru Granth Sahib, on Page No. 1362. It is engraved on north façade of the Town hall, the starting point of Heritage Walk. • Heritage Walk starts from Town Hall at 8:00 a.m. and ends at Entrance to - The Golden Temple 10:00 a.m. everyday • Summer Timing (March to November) - 0800hrs • Winter Timing (December to February) - 0900hrs Evening: 1800 hrs to 2000 hrs (Summer) 1600 hrs to 1800 hrs (Winter) • Heritage Walk contribution: Rs. 25/- for Indian Rs. 75/- for Foreigner • For further information: Tourist Information Centre, Exit Gate of The Amritsar Railway Station, Tel: 0183-402452 M.R.P. Rs. 50/- Published by: Punjab Heritage and Tourism Promotion Board Archives Bhawan, Plot 3, Sector 38-A, Chandigarh 160036 Tel.: 0172-2625950 Fax: 0172-2625953 Email: [email protected] www.punjabtourism.gov.in Ddithae Sabhae Thhaav Nehee Thudhh Jaehiaa || I have seen all places, but none can compare to You. Badhhohu Purakh Bidhhaathai Thaan Thoo Sohiaa || The Primal Lord, the Architect of Destiny, has established You; thus You are adorned and embellished. Vasadhee Saghan Apaar Anoop Raamadhaas Pur || (Ramdaspur is prosperous and thickly populated, and incomparably beautiful.) It is engraved on north façade of the Town hall, the starting point of the Heritage Walk. Vasadhee Saghan Apaar Anoop Raamadhaas Pur || Ramdaspur is prosperous and thickly populated, and incomparably beautiful. Harihaan Naanak Kasamal Jaahi Naaeiai Raamadhaas Sar ||10|| O Lord! Bathing in the Sacred Pool of Ramdas, the sins are washed away, O Nanak.
    [Show full text]
  • Punjab Gk 28
    Punjab GK 5 1.) Which sikh guru started the Sangat & Pangat System? A. Guru Amardas ji B. Guru Angad Dev ji C. Guru Arjan Dev ji D. Guru Hargobind Sahib ji 2.) Name the Sikh guru who started the Dasand system? A. Guru Teg Bahadur ji B. Guru Gobind Singh ji C. Guru Arjan Dev ji D. Guru Hargobind Sahib ji 3.) Name the Sikh guru who invented the Taus? A. Guru Teg Bahadur ji B. Guru Gobind Singh ji C. Guru Arjan Dev ji D. Guru Hargobind Sahib ji 4.) PEPSU : Patiala and East Punjab State Union 5.) MC: 10 ( Amritsar, Pathankot, Jalandhar, Phagwara, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Patiala, SAS Nagar Bathinda, Moga) Doubts: What was the childhood name of Guru Gobind Singh ji? Ans- Gobind Das ji / Gobind Rai ji Name the eldest and the youngest Sahibzadas- Ans- Sahibzada Ajit Singh ji, Sahibzada Fateh Singh ji Name the battle in which Sahibzada Ajit Singh and Jujhar Singh was martyrdom- Ans- Batlle of Chamkaur (1704) In which year Guru Gobind Singh ji founded the Khalsa Panth? Ans- 1699, Anandpur Sahib Bachitar Natak is the composition of which Sikh Guru? Guru Gobind Singh ji Which Mughal ruler had a peaceful relation with 10th Sikh Guru? Ans- Bahadur Shah 1 Which Mughal ruler gave the land for building Golden temple? Ans- Akbar Who gold plated the Harminder Sahib? Ans- Maharaja Ranjit Singh Who firstly minted the Sikh coins? Ans- Banda Singh Bahadur What was the childhood name of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur? Ans- Lachhman Dev What was the name adopted by Baba Banda Singh Bahadur after becoming Bairagi Sadhu? Ans- Madho Das Battle of Chapar Chiri was fought
    [Show full text]
  • The Sikh Prayer)
    Acknowledgements My sincere thanks to: Professor Emeritus Dr. Darshan Singh and Prof Parkash Kaur (Chandigarh), S. Gurvinder Singh Shampura (member S.G.P.C.), Mrs Panninder Kaur Sandhu (nee Pammy Sidhu), Dr Gurnam Singh (p.U. Patiala), S. Bhag Singh Ankhi (Chief Khalsa Diwan, Amritsar), Dr. Gurbachan Singh Bachan, Jathedar Principal Dalbir Singh Sattowal (Ghuman), S. Dilbir Singh and S. Awtar Singh (Sikh Forum, Kolkata), S. Ravinder Singh Khalsa Mohali, Jathedar Jasbinder Singh Dubai (Bhai Lalo Foundation), S. Hardarshan Singh Mejie (H.S.Mejie), S. Jaswant Singh Mann (Former President AISSF), S. Gurinderpal Singh Dhanaula (Miri-Piri Da! & Amritsar Akali Dal), S. Satnam Singh Paonta Sahib and Sarbjit Singh Ghuman (Dal Khalsa), S. Amllljit Singh Dhawan, Dr Kulwinder Singh Bajwa (p.U. Patiala), Khoji Kafir (Canada), Jathedar Amllljit Singh Chandi (Uttrancbal), Jathedar Kamaljit Singh Kundal (Sikh missionary), Jathedar Pritam Singh Matwani (Sikh missionary), Dr Amllljit Kaur Ibben Kalan, Ms Jagmohan Kaur Bassi Pathanan, Ms Gurdeep Kaur Deepi, Ms. Sarbjit Kaur. S. Surjeet Singh Chhadauri (Belgium), S Kulwinder Singh (Spain), S, Nachhatar Singh Bains (Norway), S Bhupinder Singh (Holland), S. Jageer Singh Hamdard (Birmingham), Mrs Balwinder Kaur Chahal (Sourball), S. Gurinder Singh Sacha, S.Arvinder Singh Khalsa and S. Inder Singh Jammu Mayor (ali from south-east London), S.Tejinder Singh Hounslow, S Ravinder Singh Kundra (BBC), S Jameet Singh, S Jawinder Singh, Satchit Singh, Jasbir Singh Ikkolaha and Mohinder Singh (all from Bristol), Pritam Singh 'Lala' Hounslow (all from England). Dr Awatar Singh Sekhon, S. Joginder Singh (Winnipeg, Canada), S. Balkaran Singh, S. Raghbir Singh Samagh, S. Manjit Singh Mangat, S.
    [Show full text]
  • X 5. PUNJAB HISTORY and CULTURE Paper – a Time: 3 Hours Theory: 70 Marks CCE: 05 Marks Total: 75 Marks STRUCTURE of QUESTION PAPER 1
    CLASS - X 5. PUNJAB HISTORY AND CULTURE Paper – A Time: 3 Hours Theory: 70 Marks CCE: 05 Marks Total: 75 Marks STRUCTURE OF QUESTION PAPER 1. There will be 28 questions in all. All questions will be compulsory. 2. Question No. 1 to 12 will carry 1 mark each. Answer to each question should be in about 1 - 15 words. 1×12=12 3. Question No. 13 to 19 will carry 2 marks each. Answer to each question should be in about 20 - 25 words. 2×7=14 4. Question No. 20 and 24 will carry 4 marks each. Answer to each question should be in about 40-45 words. 4×5=20 5. Question No. 25 and 28 will carry 6 marks each. Answer to each question should be in about 80-100 words. 6×4=24 TOPIC-WISE WEIGHTAGE TO CONTENT Topic Sr. No. Questions Questions Questions Questions Carrying Carrying Carrying Carrying 1 Mark 2 Marks 4 Marks 6 Marks Topic Sr. No. 1 & 2 6 3 2 2 Topic Sr. No. 3 & 4 6 4 3 2 Total Questions 12 7 5 4 Total Marks 12 14 20 24 SYLLABUS 1. Banda Singh Bahadur and his martyrdom. 2. Sikhs become Master of the Punjab (Dal Khalsa and Misl Organization) 3. The Punjab under Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Administration with special reference to his secular policy). 4. British occupation of the Punjab (Anglo-Sikh wars) 19 CLASS - X 6. PUNJAB HISTORY AND CULTURE Paper - B Time: 3 Hours Theory: 65 Marks CCE: 10 Marks Total: 75 Marks STRUCTURE OF QUESTION PAPER 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Doctrine of Guru-Panth Origin and Its Characteristic Features
    The Doctrine of Guru-Panth Origin and its Characteristic Features Dr. Balwant Singh Dhillon Director,CSGGS G.N.D. University, Amritsar-143005. Broadly speaking, the Sikh ideology is grounded in the religious experience of Guru Nanak and his successors. Even a cursory examination of the Bani of the Sikh Gurus, suggests that they were not inspired by any deity or personality of the Indic or Semitic tradition. Their denunciation of the contemporary religious beliefs and practices leaves no room for any doubt that they wanted to lay the foundations of a new social order of which the Unity of God and the universal brotherhood of humankind were of utmost importance. The successors of Guru Nanak continued to strive for his mission which ultimately fructified in the emergence of Sikh Panth in India. Before his demise in October 1708 at Nanded, Guru Gobind Singh discontinued the line of personal Guruship and instead conferred upon his spiritual as well as temporal authority upon the twin institutions of Guru Granth and Guru Panth respectively. The name ‘Sikh’ signifies a person who believes in One, All Sovereign God, teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus and Guru Granth Sahib. The word ‘Panth’ literally means path propounded by a religious teacher. The early Sikh community was known as Nanak Panthis (disciples of Guru Nanak) but with the creation of Khalsa in 1699, it came to be known as Khalsa Panth. However, with the bestowal of Guruship along with Guru Granth Sahib, the Khalsa Panth also assumed the status of Guru Panth. The present study seeks to underline that how the doctrine of Guru Panth developed into an institution and what are its characteristic features.
    [Show full text]
  • Skirmishes and Sikhism After Banda's Execution in Punjab
    International Journal of Computing and Business Research (IJCBR) ISSN (Online) : 2229-6166 International Manuscript ID : 22296166V7I4201706 Volume 7 Issue 4 November 2017 Skirmishes and Sikhism after Banda's Execution in Punjab Amit Research Scholar Department of History MDU, Rohtak, Haryana, India Abstract capital. This practice went on for many years. The religious persecution went on for about Banda Singh was martyred in 1716. The thirty years. The period between 1716 to 1733 religious persecution of the Sikhs started was the darkest period of the Sikh history. The immediately after that. They were outlawed by policy of Mughal Emperors and Governors; the Mughal emperor and Governors. No laws Abdul Samas Khan and Zakriya Khan, was total protected their lands or property. They were extinction of Sikhs. The Sikh spirits were kept attacked and murdered and their houses were high by their petty but brave leaders, each of looted. Thousands of Sikhs lost their lives like them either died fighting or executed and this. The remaining Sikhs retreated into the wrought havoc in the ranks of enemies.The forests hills and desert. They firmly believed in Government was weakened by the attacks from Guru GobindGobind Singh's prophecy that the Ahmad ShahAbdali, an Afghan king. Sikhs Sikhs would rule the country one day. Some time started retreating towards the safer areas and they will come out of the forests to attack the gathered in the form of Bands under different government forces. The Government was getting leaders. more frustrated with them. A proclamation was made that the Sikhs should be wiped out from Keywords : Sikh, Khalsa, Tat-Khalsa, the province.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sikhs 1718 – 1801
    The Sikhs 1716-1801 September 10, 2018 by dedidated Sewadars of Sri Hemkunt Foundation Inc. Introduction It is important for everyone, especially the youth to know about the present times to prepare oneself for the future. It is equally important to know how we got here, be it culturally, religiously, politically, economically etc. knowing the history provides one with the bearings to navigate the world. As for as the Sikh history is concerned, it can be divided into following distinct periods of time. Period Details Pre 1469 Before Prakash (birth) of Guru Nanak Dev ji 1469 - 1708 Guru period 1708 - 1716 Baba Banda Bahadur 1716 - 1801 Misl Period 1801 - 1849 Sikh Raaj Maharaja Ranjit Singh 1849 - 1947 Under British Rule 1947 - present Since independence of India There is plenty of literature available regarding Sikh history for various periods of time except for 1716-1801. An attempt has been made to provide details for this link. Hopefully, youth will find it useful. 1 Index 1 Diwan Darbara Singh 1721 - 1734 Page 3 2 Nawab Kapur Singh 1726 - 1753 6 3 Jassa Singh Ahluwalia 1718 - 1783 9 4 Sukha Singh 1707 - 1751 15 5 Jassa Singh Ramgarhia 1723 - 1803 18 6 Sardar Baghel Singh xxxx - 1802 22 7 Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa 1791 - 1837 25 8 Akali Phoola Singh 1761 - 1832 28 The Sikhs Vs Mughal/Afghan 1716 - 1801 31 Rulers 2 1. Darbara Singh Baba Banda Singh Bahadur was martyred on June 9, 1716. After this, life for Sikhs continued to be more and more difficult. The governor of Lahore, Daler Jang, created army patrols whose mission was to hunt down the Sikhs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shiromani Akali Dal and Emerging Ideological Cleavages in Contemporary Sikh Politics in Punjab: Integrative Regionalism Versus Exclusivist Ethnonationalism
    143 Jugdep Chima: Ideological Cleavages in Sikh Politics The Shiromani Akali Dal and Emerging Ideological Cleavages in Contemporary Sikh Politics in Punjab: Integrative Regionalism versus Exclusivist Ethnonationalism Jugdep Singh Chima Hiram College, USA ________________________________________________________________ This article describes the emerging ideological cleavages in contemporary Sikh politics, and attempts to answer why the Shiromani Akali Dal has taken a moderate stance on Sikh ethnic issues and in its public discourse in the post-militancy era? I put forward a descriptive argument that rhetorical/ideological cleavages in contemporary Sikh politics in Punjab can be differentiated into two largely contrasting poles. The first is the dominant Akali Dal (Badal) which claims to be the main leadership of the Sikh community, based on its majority in the SGPC and its ability to form coalition majorities in the state assembly in Punjab. The second pole is an array of other, often internally fractionalized, Sikh political and religious organizations, whose claim for community leadership is based on the espousal of aggressive Sikh ethnonationalism and purist religious identity. The “unity” of this second pole within Sikh politics is not organizational, but rather, is an ideological commitment to Sikh ethnonationalism and political opposition to the moderate Shiromani Akali Dal. The result of these two contrasting “poles” is an interesting ethno-political dilemma in which the Akali Dal has pragmatic electoral success in democratic elections
    [Show full text]
  • Invasion of Religious Boundaries
    Introduction When Guru Nanak in his mystic trance was honoured by cosmic enlightenment, he, challenged the prevailing status quo by saying “I am neither a Hindu or a Musalmann”. The founder of Sikh religion created a multitude of enemies who went into “cognitive dissonance” and reacted very sharply to Sikhism as an independent religion. Historically speaking a positively actualized and evolved Sikh of Guru Nanak’s times, or Guru Gobind Singh’s Khalsa, has been enigma to the role dancing, docile, linear, convergent, myopic, “instrumental” Sikh researchers. H. Oberoi is one such pseudo-Sikh who has chosen to follow blindly Trumpp-McLeodian paradigms to make a living as a professor at the cost of a troubled Sikh community. Sikhs had many enemies. The Mughal rulers, the enemies within, the close minded Arya Samajists, and finally the Eurocentric Colonial Missionary Research Scholars, have all taken sadistic pleasure in destroying Sikhism. These scholars, with their role dancing disciples, want to bring correctness to Sikh history. They use social science methods, developed in Europe, to understand Sikh Gurus and their mystic writings. Calvinistic thought and an arrogant belief in the inferiority of Asian religions, is at the root of their Euro centric research. Oberoi’s work, under cover of Academic Freedom, forgets all norms of civility, and even tramples over the guidelines set by Social Science Research Council of Canada (1993). Dr Oberoi is a willing victim of “scholarly”, unsubstantiated arrogance when he calls Aad Sri Guru Granth Sahib an amorphous collated anthology without uniqueness. Clumsy distortions, mindless anthropological constructions and assumptions, producing ig-nominious forged postures, sacrilegious statements about mystic Gurus, effectless effort of a bland, blunted, unattached, constricted, shallow, pathetic Oberoi has produced a disjointed cynical, conscienceless and unscrupulous book called “Construction of Religious Boundaries” to attack the independent Sikh Identity.
    [Show full text]