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Technology Solution for 4G-LTE

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NTIPRIT Technology Solution for 4G-LTE Vineet Verma Director (Alliances) Department of Telecom, India National Telecommunication Institute for Policy Research, Innovation and Training www.ntiprit.gov.in NTIPRIT Objectives Technology Evolution Requirements of 4G LTE-Key Technologies LTE-SAE Architecture LTE deployments Path to 5G 2 NTIPRIT Evolution • Source : LTE by Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, Matthew Baker 3 NTIPRIT Typical 2G Architecture PSDN BSC BTS BSC HLR SMS-SC BSC PLMN MSC/VLR MSC/VLR BSC BTS — Base Transceiver Station GMSC BSC — Base Station Controller Tandem PSTN Tandem CO CO CO MSC — Mobile Switching Center VLR — Visitor Location Register HLR — Home Location Register 4 NTIPRIT 2G Architecture 2G MS (voice only) NSS BSS E PSTN Abis PSTN A B BSC C MS MSC GMSC D BTS VLR SS7 H HLR AuC BSS — Base Station System NSS — Network Sub-System GPRS — General Packet Radio Service BTS — Base Transceiver Station MSC — Mobile-service Switching Controller SGSN — Serving GPRS Support Node BSC — Base Station Controller VLR — Visitor Location Register GGSN — Gateway GPRS Support Node HLR — Home Location Register AuC — Authentication Server GMSC — Gateway MSC 5 NTIPRIT 2.5G Architecture 2G MS (voice only) NSS BSS E PSTN Abis PSTN A B BSC C MS MSC GMSC D BTS VLR Gs SS7 H Gb 2G+ MS (voice & data) Gr HLR AuC Gc Gn Gi PSDN SGSN IP GGSN BSS — Base Station System NSS — Network Sub-System GPRS — General Packet Radio Service BTS — Base Transceiver Station MSC — Mobile-service Switching Controller SGSN — Serving GPRS Support Node BSC — Base Station Controller VLR — Visitor Location Register GGSN — Gateway GPRS Support Node HLR — Home Location Register AuC — Authentication Server GMSC — Gateway MSC 6 NTIPRIT 3GPP Migration Path R99 3G UMTS R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 Distributed HSPA+ HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+ LTE Switch LTE R10 4G LTE Advanced 7 NTIPRIT 3GPP . 3GPP Release 99 . Adds 3G radios . 3GPP Release 4 . Adds soft switch and Media gateways . Decouple Control and Bearer Plane . 3GPP Release 5 . HSDPA . First IP Multimedia Services (IMS) . 3GPP Release 6 . HSPA . MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Servides) . IMS . 3GPP Release 7 . HSPA+, (HSPA with higher order modulation) 8 NTIPRIT R99 Architecture 2G MS (voice only) CN BSS E PSTN Abis A PSTN B BSC C MSC GMSC Gb D BTS VLR Gs SS7 H 2G+ MS (voice & data) IuCS RNS Gr HLR AuC ATM Gc Iub IuPS Gn Gi PSDN RNC SGSN IP GGSN Node B 3G UE (voice & data) BSS — Base Station System CN — Core Network SGSN — Serving GPRS Support Node BTS — Base Transceiver Station MSC — Mobile-service Switching Controller GGSN — Gateway GPRS Support Node BSC — Base Station Controller VLR — Visitor Location Register HLR — Home Location Register UMTS — Universal Mobile Telecommunication System RNS — Radio Network System AuC — Authentication Server RNC — Radio Network Controller GMSC — Gateway MSC 9 NTIPRIT R4 Architecture 2G MS (voice only) CN CS-MGW Nb BSS CS-MGW A Abis Nc PSTN PSTN Mc Mc B BSC C MSC Server GMSC server Gb D BTS VLR Gs SS7 H 2G+ MS (voice & data) IuCS RNS Gr HLR IP/ATM AuC ATM Gc Iub IuPS Gn Gi PSDN RNC SGSN GGSN Node B 3G UE (voice & data) BSS — Base Station System CN — Core Network SGSN — Serving GPRS Support Node BTS — Base Transceiver Station MSC — Mobile-service Switching Controller GGSN — Gateway GPRS Support Node BSC — Base Station Controller VLR — Visitor Location Register HLR — Home Location Register RNS — Radio Network System AuC — Authentication Server RNC — Radio Network Controller GMSC — Gateway MSC 10 NTIPRIT R4 Split Architecture Application Service enablers Application Servers Servers Services/applications MSC HLR/AuC GMSC/Transit Server Server SGW Control PSTN/ ISDN MGW MGW Connectivity Internet SGSN WCDMA GGSN Intranets EDGE GSM Control User data NTIPRIT MSC/GMSC Server: Application Service enablers Application Servers Servers Services/applica tions MSC HLR/AuC GMSC/Transit Server Server SGW Control Main MSC Server functions PSTN/ Service control ISDN MGW MGW Mobility managementConnectivity Internet SGSN WCDMA Charging control and CDR generation GGSN Intranets EDGE Can control more than one MGW GSM Control User data NTIPRIT Media Gateway: Main Media Gateway functions Application Service enablers Application Servers Servers Speech & mediaServices/applica processing Setup/release of user data bearers tions Interfacing between different transport standards MSC Boundary between different networksHLR/AuC/FNR GMSC/Transit Server Server Can be controlled by several MSC Servers SGW Control PSTN/ ISDN MGW MGW Connectivity Internet SGSN WCDMA GGSN Intranets EDGE GSM Control User data NTIPRIT R5 Architecture 2G MS (voice only) CN CS-MGW Nb BSS CS-MGW A/IuCS Abis Nc PSTN PSTN Mc Mc B BSC C MSC Server GMSC server Gb/IuPS D BTS VLR Gs SS7 H 2G+ MS (voice & data) ATM IuCS RNS Gr HSS IP/ATM AuC Gc Iub IuPS Gn Gi IP Network RNC SGSN GGSN Node B 3G UE (voice & data) IM-MGW IMS IMS— IP Multimedia sub-system Gs PSTN MRF — Media Resource Function IP Mc CSCF — Call State Control Function Mg MRF MGCF — Media Gateway Control Function (Mc=H248,Mg=SIP) MGCF IM-MGW — IP Multimedia-MGW CSCF 14 NTIPRIT R6 Architecture Applications IP Multimedia Operator 2 Services Subsystem (IMS) Multimedia BGCF Sh CSCF HSS IP Mw Mk HLR Networks AS Si Dh IM-SSF Sh BGCF Presence SLF Cx Dx Mi Mj OSA-SCS CS-Domain IM Mm CSCF MGCF -or- ISC Mg PSTN Ut Gq Mr Mn -or- Mp MRF- Wx Gm PDF MRF-P Legacy C MGW IMS Terminal Gr Gc -or- Go CAP External Ww, Wu Uu „Mb/Gi-Cloud“ GGSN AAA WLAN UTRAN / Gn Wm Access, Iu WLAN GERAN SGSN PDGW WAG PS-Domain (Home) Wu, Wp 15 NTIPRIT IMS . IMS is an architecture designed to support the control layer for packet based services, which uses the bearer services of the access network to support the media associated with the service. IMS is access agnostic. In a multi-access environment it ensures service availability to all access networks. IMS uses SIP capabilities. 16 NTIPRIT IMS : Convergence through an overlay network SIP Application SIP Application Servers Servers HSS IMS MRF I-CSCF P-CSCF CDMA 2000 S-CSCF Fixed MSC(Server) RNC SGSN Corporate GGSN BSC CN MGW GSM/GPRS/WCDMA/HSDPA HLR WLAN IMS – a cornerstone for Convergence 17 NTIPRIT 3GPP . 3GPP Release 8 . LTE . “All IP” network. 3GPP Release 9 . LTE Enhancements . Increasing LTE’s suitability for different markets and deployments. 3GPP Release 10 . LTE- Advanced . Carrier Aggregation 18 NTIPRIT Evolution : Outcome 19 NTIPRIT LONG TERM EVOLUTION (LTE) 20 NTIPRIT Key requirements for LTE . Need for higher data rates . Greater spectral efficiency . Greater flexibility of spectrum usage . Always‐on experience (reduce control plane latency) . Reduce round trip delay (transmission latency) . Need for Packet Switched optimized system . Need for high quality of services . Reasonable power consumption of mobile terminal 21 NTIPRIT Key Technologies of LTE Three fundamental technologies shaped the LTE design : . Multi carrier technology • OFDMA for Downlink • SC-FDMA for Uplink . Multiple Antenna technology • MIMO . Packet switched radio Interface • All IP in RF 22 NTIPRIT LTE and SAE Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the term used to describe collectively the evolution of the radio access network into Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and the radio access technology into Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the term used to describe the evolution of the core network into the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). There is also a collective term, Evolved packet System (EPS), which refers to the combined E-UTRAN and EPC. 23 NTIPRIT LTE and SAE LTE SAE EPS E-UTRA E-UTRAN EPC 24 NTIPRIT Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) 25 NTIPRIT OFDM introduction . It is a Digital Multi Carrier modulation Scheme. The Available spectrum is divided into several independent sub- carrier to carry data and control information. The sub-carriers are selected in a manner so that they are orthogonal to one another. This prevents interference between closely spaced sub-carriers. All orthogonal sub-carriers are transmitted simultaneously. Orthogonality is achieved by coinciding peak of each sub carrier with null of other sub carriers. Independent sub carriers are individually modulated and demodulated with conventional modulation formats. NTIPRIT OFDM Basic Concept . OFDM is a special case of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) . For FDM • No special relationship between the carrier frequencies • Guard bands have to be inserted to avoid Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) . For OFDM • Strict relation between carriers • Carriers are orthogonal to each other and can be packed tight 27 NTIPRIT OFDM: orthogonal sub-carriers NTIPRIT Downlink radio access - OFDMA . Better Coverage and Penetration . Ultra high spectral efficiency . High resistance to Multipath /ISI . Enables Multipath mitigation without using Equalizers and training sequences. Useful for Rural, Semi urban, Urban, Dense Urban application. Offers Frequency diversity by spreading the carriers all over the used spectrum. OFDM TX RX Multi-layered transmission 29 NTIPRIT Uplink Radio Access : SC-FDMA . Originally two main proposals for LTE uplink radio access • OFDMA (basically the same transmission scheme as for the downlink) • Single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) . Main argument for uplink single-carrier transmission: • Smaller variations in instantaneous power Improved PA efficiency or reduced PA back-off Longer battery life or improved coverage 30 NTIPRIT Uplink radio access– Single-carrier FDMA . Single-carrier Low peak-to-average power ratio • Improved coverage • Higher data rates for a given coverage • Reduced power consumption Improved battery life . Enhanced Inter-user orthogonality by means of FDMA • No Overlap in frequency plane for each user • No intra-cell interference • Improved coverage and capacity 31 NTIPRIT Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) 32 NTIPRIT OVERVIEW OF MIMO . Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to achieve higher data rates in cellular systems.
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