DOCSLIB.ORG

Technology Solution for 4G-LTE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Technology Solution for 4G-LTE NTIPRIT Technology Solution for 4G-LTE Vineet Verma Director (Alliances) Department of Telecom, India National Telecommunication Institute for Policy Research, Innovation and Training www.ntiprit.gov.in NTIPRIT Objectives Technology Evolution Requirements of 4G LTE-Key Technologies LTE-SAE Architecture LTE deployments Path to 5G 2 NTIPRIT Evolution • Source : LTE by Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, Matthew Baker 3 NTIPRIT Typical 2G Architecture PSDN BSC BTS BSC HLR SMS-SC BSC PLMN MSC/VLR MSC/VLR BSC BTS — Base Transceiver Station GMSC BSC — Base Station Controller Tandem PSTN Tandem CO CO CO MSC — Mobile Switching Center VLR — Visitor Location Register HLR — Home Location Register 4 NTIPRIT 2G Architecture 2G MS (voice only) NSS BSS E PSTN Abis PSTN A B BSC C MS MSC GMSC D BTS VLR SS7 H HLR AuC BSS — Base Station System NSS — Network Sub-System GPRS — General Packet Radio Service BTS — Base Transceiver Station MSC — Mobile-service Switching Controller SGSN — Serving GPRS Support Node BSC — Base Station Controller VLR — Visitor Location Register GGSN — Gateway GPRS Support Node HLR — Home Location Register AuC — Authentication Server GMSC — Gateway MSC 5 NTIPRIT 2.5G Architecture 2G MS (voice only) NSS BSS E PSTN Abis PSTN A B BSC C MS MSC GMSC D BTS VLR Gs SS7 H Gb 2G+ MS (voice & data) Gr HLR AuC Gc Gn Gi PSDN SGSN IP GGSN BSS — Base Station System NSS — Network Sub-System GPRS — General Packet Radio Service BTS — Base Transceiver Station MSC — Mobile-service Switching Controller SGSN — Serving GPRS Support Node BSC — Base Station Controller VLR — Visitor Location Register GGSN — Gateway GPRS Support Node HLR — Home Location Register AuC — Authentication Server GMSC — Gateway MSC 6 NTIPRIT 3GPP Migration Path R99 3G UMTS R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 Distributed HSPA+ HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+ LTE Switch LTE R10 4G LTE Advanced 7 NTIPRIT 3GPP . 3GPP Release 99 . Adds 3G radios . 3GPP Release 4 . Adds soft switch and Media gateways . Decouple Control and Bearer Plane . 3GPP Release 5 . HSDPA . First IP Multimedia Services (IMS) . 3GPP Release 6 . HSPA . MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Servides) . IMS . 3GPP Release 7 . HSPA+, (HSPA with higher order modulation) 8 NTIPRIT R99 Architecture 2G MS (voice only) CN BSS E PSTN Abis A PSTN B BSC C MSC GMSC Gb D BTS VLR Gs SS7 H 2G+ MS (voice & data) IuCS RNS Gr HLR AuC ATM Gc Iub IuPS Gn Gi PSDN RNC SGSN IP GGSN Node B 3G UE (voice & data) BSS — Base Station System CN — Core Network SGSN — Serving GPRS Support Node BTS — Base Transceiver Station MSC — Mobile-service Switching Controller GGSN — Gateway GPRS Support Node BSC — Base Station Controller VLR — Visitor Location Register HLR — Home Location Register UMTS — Universal Mobile Telecommunication System RNS — Radio Network System AuC — Authentication Server RNC — Radio Network Controller GMSC — Gateway MSC 9 NTIPRIT R4 Architecture 2G MS (voice only) CN CS-MGW Nb BSS CS-MGW A Abis Nc PSTN PSTN Mc Mc B BSC C MSC Server GMSC server Gb D BTS VLR Gs SS7 H 2G+ MS (voice & data) IuCS RNS Gr HLR IP/ATM AuC ATM Gc Iub IuPS Gn Gi PSDN RNC SGSN GGSN Node B 3G UE (voice & data) BSS — Base Station System CN — Core Network SGSN — Serving GPRS Support Node BTS — Base Transceiver Station MSC — Mobile-service Switching Controller GGSN — Gateway GPRS Support Node BSC — Base Station Controller VLR — Visitor Location Register HLR — Home Location Register RNS — Radio Network System AuC — Authentication Server RNC — Radio Network Controller GMSC — Gateway MSC 10 NTIPRIT R4 Split Architecture Application Service enablers Application Servers Servers Services/applications MSC HLR/AuC GMSC/Transit Server Server SGW Control PSTN/ ISDN MGW MGW Connectivity Internet SGSN WCDMA GGSN Intranets EDGE GSM Control User data NTIPRIT MSC/GMSC Server: Application Service enablers Application Servers Servers Services/applica tions MSC HLR/AuC GMSC/Transit Server Server SGW Control Main MSC Server functions PSTN/ Service control ISDN MGW MGW Mobility managementConnectivity Internet SGSN WCDMA Charging control and CDR generation GGSN Intranets EDGE Can control more than one MGW GSM Control User data NTIPRIT Media Gateway: Main Media Gateway functions Application Service enablers Application Servers Servers Speech & mediaServices/applica processing Setup/release of user data bearers tions Interfacing between different transport standards MSC Boundary between different networksHLR/AuC/FNR GMSC/Transit Server Server Can be controlled by several MSC Servers SGW Control PSTN/ ISDN MGW MGW Connectivity Internet SGSN WCDMA GGSN Intranets EDGE GSM Control User data NTIPRIT R5 Architecture 2G MS (voice only) CN CS-MGW Nb BSS CS-MGW A/IuCS Abis Nc PSTN PSTN Mc Mc B BSC C MSC Server GMSC server Gb/IuPS D BTS VLR Gs SS7 H 2G+ MS (voice & data) ATM IuCS RNS Gr HSS IP/ATM AuC Gc Iub IuPS Gn Gi IP Network RNC SGSN GGSN Node B 3G UE (voice & data) IM-MGW IMS IMS— IP Multimedia sub-system Gs PSTN MRF — Media Resource Function IP Mc CSCF — Call State Control Function Mg MRF MGCF — Media Gateway Control Function (Mc=H248,Mg=SIP) MGCF IM-MGW — IP Multimedia-MGW CSCF 14 NTIPRIT R6 Architecture Applications IP Multimedia Operator 2 Services Subsystem (IMS) Multimedia BGCF Sh CSCF HSS IP Mw Mk HLR Networks AS Si Dh IM-SSF Sh BGCF Presence SLF Cx Dx Mi Mj OSA-SCS CS-Domain IM Mm CSCF MGCF -or- ISC Mg PSTN Ut Gq Mr Mn -or- Mp MRF- Wx Gm PDF MRF-P Legacy C MGW IMS Terminal Gr Gc -or- Go CAP External Ww, Wu Uu „Mb/Gi-Cloud“ GGSN AAA WLAN UTRAN / Gn Wm Access, Iu WLAN GERAN SGSN PDGW WAG PS-Domain (Home) Wu, Wp 15 NTIPRIT IMS . IMS is an architecture designed to support the control layer for packet based services, which uses the bearer services of the access network to support the media associated with the service. IMS is access agnostic. In a multi-access environment it ensures service availability to all access networks. IMS uses SIP capabilities. 16 NTIPRIT IMS : Convergence through an overlay network SIP Application SIP Application Servers Servers HSS IMS MRF I-CSCF P-CSCF CDMA 2000 S-CSCF Fixed MSC(Server) RNC SGSN Corporate GGSN BSC CN MGW GSM/GPRS/WCDMA/HSDPA HLR WLAN IMS – a cornerstone for Convergence 17 NTIPRIT 3GPP . 3GPP Release 8 . LTE . “All IP” network. 3GPP Release 9 . LTE Enhancements . Increasing LTE’s suitability for different markets and deployments. 3GPP Release 10 . LTE- Advanced . Carrier Aggregation 18 NTIPRIT Evolution : Outcome 19 NTIPRIT LONG TERM EVOLUTION (LTE) 20 NTIPRIT Key requirements for LTE . Need for higher data rates . Greater spectral efficiency . Greater flexibility of spectrum usage . Always‐on experience (reduce control plane latency) . Reduce round trip delay (transmission latency) . Need for Packet Switched optimized system . Need for high quality of services . Reasonable power consumption of mobile terminal 21 NTIPRIT Key Technologies of LTE Three fundamental technologies shaped the LTE design : . Multi carrier technology • OFDMA for Downlink • SC-FDMA for Uplink . Multiple Antenna technology • MIMO . Packet switched radio Interface • All IP in RF 22 NTIPRIT LTE and SAE Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the term used to describe collectively the evolution of the radio access network into Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and the radio access technology into Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the term used to describe the evolution of the core network into the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). There is also a collective term, Evolved packet System (EPS), which refers to the combined E-UTRAN and EPC. 23 NTIPRIT LTE and SAE LTE SAE EPS E-UTRA E-UTRAN EPC 24 NTIPRIT Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) 25 NTIPRIT OFDM introduction . It is a Digital Multi Carrier modulation Scheme. The Available spectrum is divided into several independent sub- carrier to carry data and control information. The sub-carriers are selected in a manner so that they are orthogonal to one another. This prevents interference between closely spaced sub-carriers. All orthogonal sub-carriers are transmitted simultaneously. Orthogonality is achieved by coinciding peak of each sub carrier with null of other sub carriers. Independent sub carriers are individually modulated and demodulated with conventional modulation formats. NTIPRIT OFDM Basic Concept . OFDM is a special case of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) . For FDM • No special relationship between the carrier frequencies • Guard bands have to be inserted to avoid Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) . For OFDM • Strict relation between carriers • Carriers are orthogonal to each other and can be packed tight 27 NTIPRIT OFDM: orthogonal sub-carriers NTIPRIT Downlink radio access - OFDMA . Better Coverage and Penetration . Ultra high spectral efficiency . High resistance to Multipath /ISI . Enables Multipath mitigation without using Equalizers and training sequences. Useful for Rural, Semi urban, Urban, Dense Urban application. Offers Frequency diversity by spreading the carriers all over the used spectrum. OFDM TX RX Multi-layered transmission 29 NTIPRIT Uplink Radio Access : SC-FDMA . Originally two main proposals for LTE uplink radio access • OFDMA (basically the same transmission scheme as for the downlink) • Single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) . Main argument for uplink single-carrier transmission: • Smaller variations in instantaneous power Improved PA efficiency or reduced PA back-off Longer battery life or improved coverage 30 NTIPRIT Uplink radio access– Single-carrier FDMA . Single-carrier Low peak-to-average power ratio • Improved coverage • Higher data rates for a given coverage • Reduced power consumption Improved battery life . Enhanced Inter-user orthogonality by means of FDMA • No Overlap in frequency plane for each user • No intra-cell interference • Improved coverage and capacity 31 NTIPRIT Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) 32 NTIPRIT OVERVIEW OF MIMO . Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to achieve higher data rates in cellular systems.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Running a Basic Osmocom GSM Network
    Running a basic Osmocom GSM network Harald Welte <[email protected]> What this talk is about Implementing GSM/GPRS network elements as FOSS Applied Protocol Archaeology Doing all of that on top of Linux (in userspace) Running your own Internet-style network use off-the-shelf hardware (x86, Ethernet card) use any random Linux distribution configure Linux kernel TCP/IP network stack enjoy fancy features like netfilter/iproute2/tc use apache/lighttpd/nginx on the server use Firefox/chromium/konqueor/lynx on the client do whatever modification/optimization on any part of the stack Running your own GSM network Until 2009 the situation looked like this: go to Ericsson/Huawei/ZTE/Nokia/Alcatel/… spend lots of time convincing them that you’re an eligible customer spend a six-digit figure for even the most basic full network end up with black boxes you can neither study nor improve WTF? I’ve grown up with FOSS and the Internet. I know a better world. Why no cellular FOSS? both cellular (2G/3G/4G) and TCP/IP/HTTP protocol specs are publicly available for decades. Can you believe it? Internet protocol stacks have lots of FOSS implementations cellular protocol stacks have no FOSS implementations for the first almost 20 years of their existence? it’s the classic conflict classic circuit-switched telco vs. the BBS community ITU-T/OSI/ISO vs. Arpanet and TCP/IP Enter Osmocom In 2008, some people (most present in this room) started to write FOSS for GSM to boldly go where no FOSS hacker has gone before where protocol stacks are deep and acronyms are
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Radio Access Network Buffer Filling Based on Real Network Data
    Master Thesis Electrical Engineering December 2012 Analysis of Radio Access Network Buffer Filling Based on Real Network Data Logabharathi Aruchamy School of Computing Blekinge Institute of Technology 37179 Karlskrona Sweden This thesis is submitted to the School of Computing at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering. The thesis is equivalent to 20 weeks of full time studies. Contact Information Author: Logabharathi Aruchamy E-mail: [email protected] External Advisor(s) Tomas Lundborg, Mathias Sintorn, Systems Manager, Senior Specialist R&D, Ericsson AB, Ericsson AB, Development Unit Radio-System and Development Unit Radio-System and Technology, Technology, Torshamnsgatan 33, Torshamnsgatan 33, 164 80 Stockholm, Sweden. 164 80 Stockholm, Sweden. University advisor: Prof. Markus Fiedler, School of Computing (COM) School of Computing Internet: www.bth.se/com Blekinge Institute of Technology Phone: +46 455 385000 371 79 KARLSKRONA SWEDEN SWEDEN Abstract The 3G and 4G networks have drastically improved availability and quality in data transmission for bandwidth hungry services such as video streaming and location-based services. As 3G networks are very widely deployed, there exists increased capacity requirement and transport channel allocation to simultaneous users under a particular cell. Due to this reason, adequate resources are not available, which in turn degrades both service quality and user experienced quality. This research aims at understanding the characteristics of buffer filling during dedicated channel (DCH) transmission under fixed bit-rate assumptions on a per-user level taking different services into consideration. Furthermore, the resource utilisation in terms of empty buffer durations and user throughput achieved during dedicated channel transmission are also analysed for different data services existing in the mobile networks.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel View on Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) in the Wireless and Mobile Communication Environment
    Georgian Electronic Scientific Journal: Computer Science and Telecommunications 2010|No.1(24) A Novel View on Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) in the Wireless and Mobile Communication Environment Dr.S.S.Riaz Ahamed Principal, Sathak Institute of Technology, Ramanathapuram,TamilNadu, India-623501. Email:[email protected] Abstract The Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is a third generation (3G) mobile communications system that provides a range of broadband services to the world of wireless and mobile communications. The UMTS delivers low-cost, mobile communications at data rates of up to 2 Mbps. It preserves the global roaming capability of second generation GSM/GPRS networks and provides new enhanced capabilities. The UMTS is designed to deliver pictures, graphics, video communications, and other multimedia information, as well as voice and data, to mobile wireless subscribers. UMTS also addresses the growing demand of mobile and Internet applications for new capacity in the overcrowded mobile communications sky. The new network increases transmission speed to 2 Mbps per mobile user and establishes a global roaming standard. UMTS allows many more applications to be introduced to a worldwide base of users and provides a vital link between today’s multiple GSM systems and the ultimate single worldwide standard for all mobile telecommunications, International Mobile Telecommunications–2000 (IMT–2000). Keywords: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Radio Access Network (RAN), Base Station Subsystem (BSS),Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS), Operations Support System (OSS),Base Station Controller (BSC), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Transcoder and Rate Adapter Unit (TRAU), Operation and Maintenance Centers (OMCS), Packet Data Networks (PDNS), Virtual Home Environment (VHE), Radio Network Systems (RNSS), Transmission Power Control (TPC), Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Handovers in 3G Umts Traffic Classes
    MEE10:16 INVESTIGATION OF HANDOVERS IN 3G UMTS TRAFFIC CLASSES Maqsood Muhammad Khan [email protected] Muhammad Saad Khan [email protected] This thesis is presented as part of Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology March 2010 Blekinge Institute of Technology School of Computing Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Adrian Popescu Examiner: Prof. Dr. Adrian Popescu ii ABSTRACT The Universal Mobile Telecommunication systems are one of the emerging cellular phone technologies which are known as the 3G systems. It support the high speed data transfer, speech, web browsing, email, video telephony, multimedia and the audio streaming. These services are divided in to the classes depending upon the QoS requirements. With the development of these cellular networks, a major problem came up; it was the call handover from one cell to the other cell during an ongoing session without dropping the connection with the base station. A lot of techniques were developed and used to cope with this major issue. The user’s movement is a dynamic process considering its location. This means that the mobile users can change its way any time with any speed, so there should be a mechanism and a way that the network should be aware of this process. For this purpose different types of handovers techniques are used which include soft, hard and softer handovers. The thesis work is about the investigation of different handovers in the 3G UMTS network which is the vital issue to the network to maintain the user’s connection during in the ongoing session with the user’s movement.
    [Show full text]
  • CDMA2000—A World View
    CDMA2000—A world view Johan Langer and Gwenn Larsson The world’s first CDMA2000 networks were launched in Korea in October while maintaining the 1.25 MHz band- 2000, providing 144 kbit/s data rates to subscribing customers and deliv- width. Operators and manufactures soon re- ering nearly twice the voice capacity that operators experienced with their alized that there were inherent cost, back- cdmaOne (IS-95) systems. The success of the CDMA2000 1X system in ward compatibility and timing advantages Korea has encouraged many operators in the Americas and Asia to follow in keeping with the 1.25 MHz bandwidth for evolution. Thus, CDMA2000 3X has through with their plans to launch CDMA2000 this year. now been put on the wayside until market The authors outline some of the products and describe product advan- demands make it necessary to migrate to a tages that Ericsson CDMA customers will gain when rolling out Ericsson’s widerband carrier (3.75 MHz). CMS 11 R3 to provide third-generation services early next year. The authors also describe some of the key enablers in CMS 11 R3. 1xEV-DO The two phases of 1xEV are labeled 1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV. DO stands for data only; DV stands for data and voice. Updates in the evolution CDMA2000 1xEV-DO was standardized by the Telecommunications Industry Associa- of CDMA2000 tion (TIA) in October 2000. 1xEV-DO was Since the spring of 2000, the evolution of recently recognized by the ITU-R WP8F as third-generation CDMA systems has an IMT-2000 standard. Formal approval is changed dramatically.
    [Show full text]
  • Wireless Network Testing
    Leader in Converged IP Testing Wireless Network Testing 915-2623-01 Rev A January, 2010 2 Contents The Progression of Wireless Technologies ...................................................4 Wireless Testing Requirements ...................................................................7 LTE Testing ...............................................................................................8 Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Testing ..............................................................9 UMTS Testing ..........................................................................................10 IMS Testing .............................................................................................11 Ixia Test Solutions ...................................................................................12 Conclusion .............................................................................................14 The Progression of Wireless Technologies Cellular data speeds, beginning with GPRS in 1999, have increased over the last decade by a factor of 10 every 3-5 years. This growth has been driven by increased consumer demand for wireless data bandwidth. Reporterlink1 has estimated that wireless data traffic will increase ten-fold between 2009 and 2017 – a 59% CAGR. Data traffic is expected to hit 1.8 exabytes/month2, fueled by a rapid increase in interactive data and multiplay applications. Video is the largest bandwidth consumer today, a fact that will continue for Long Term Evolution the foreseeable future. (LTE), as defined by Figure
    [Show full text]
  • ETSI TS 123 101 V8.0.0 (2009-01) Technical Specification
    ETSI TS 123 101 V8.0.0 (2009-01) Technical Specification Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; General UMTS Architecture (3GPP TS 23.101 version 8.0.0 Release 8) 3GPP TS 23.101 version 8.0.0 Release 8 1 ETSI TS 123 101 V8.0.0 (2009-01) Reference RTS/TSGS-0223101v800 Keywords LTE, UMTS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Patent No.: US 8358640 B1
    US008358640B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,358,640 B1 Breau et a]. (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 22, 2013 (54) FEMTOCELL BRIDGING IN MEDIA LOCAL OTHER PUBLICATIONS AREA NETWORKS Notice ofAllowance datedApr. 11, 2011,U.S.Appl.No. 12/689,081, ?led Jan. 18,2012. (75) Inventors: Jeremey R. Breau, Leawood, KS (US); Breau, Jeremy R., et al., Patent Application entitled “System and Jason R. Delker, Olathe, KS (U S) Method for Bridging Media Local Area Networks,” ?led Jan. 18, 2010, US. Appl. No. 12/689,081. Assignee: Sprint Communications Company “Address Resolution Protocol,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/ (73) w/indeX.php?titleIAddressiResolutioniProtocol&printable:yes, L.P., Overland Park, KS (U S) (last visited Aug. 25, 2009). Bahlmann, Bruce, “DLNA Basics, Bridging Services within a Con ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this nected Home,” Communications Technology, http://www.cable360. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 net/print/ct/deployment/techtrends/23787.html, Jun. 1, 2007. U.S.C. 154(b) by 248 days. Bahlmann, Bruce, “Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) Essen tials,” Birds-Eye.Net, http://www.birds-eye.net/articleiarchive/ digitalilivinginetworkiallianceidlnaiessentials.htm, Apr. 1, (21) Appl. No.: 12/791,859 2007. “Network address translation,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/ (22) Filed: Jun. 1, 2010 w/indeX.php?title:Networkiaddressitranslation&printable:yes, Aug. 20, 2009. (51) Int. Cl. Pre-Interview Communication dated Jul. 31, 2012, US. Appl. No. H04L 12/56 (2006.01) 12/698,495, ?led Feb. 2, 2010. H04] [/16 (2006.01) Delker, Jason R., et al., Patent Application entitled “Centralized Program Guide,” ?led Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Role of Infrastructure Sharing for Mobile Network Operators in Emerging Markets
    On the Role of Infrastructure sharing for Mobile Network Operators in Emerging Markets Djamal-Eddine Meddour1, Tinku Rasheed2 and Yvon Gourhant1 1France Telecom-Orange R&D, Lannion, France 2CREATE-NET Research Center, Trento, Italy Abstract The traditional model of single ownership of all the physical network elements and network layers by mobile network operators is beginning to be challenged. This has been attributed to the rapid and complex technology migration compounded with rigorous regulatory requirements and ever increasing capital expenditures. These trends, combined together with the increasing competition, rapid commoditization of telecommunication equipments and rising separation of network and service provisioning are pushing the operators to adopt multiple strategies, with network infrastructure sharing in the core and radio access networks emerging as a more radical mechanism to substantially and sustainably improve network costs. Through infrastructure sharing, developing countries and other emerging economies can harness the technological, market and regulatory developments that have fostered affordable access to mobile and broadband services. Similarly, the network operators entering or consolidating in the emerging markets can aim for substantial savings on capital and operating expenses. The present paper aims to investigate the current technological solutions and regulatory and the technical-economical dimensions in connection with the sharing of mobile telecommunication networks in emerging countries. We analyze the estimated savings on capital and operating expenses, while assessing the technical constraints, applicability and benefits of the network sharing solutions in an emerging market context. Keywords : - Infrastructure sharing, mobile network sharing, RAN sharing, passive sharing, active sharing, network management, emerging markets. 1. Introduction Mobile telecommunication services have shown impressive uptake in the past decade.
    [Show full text]
  • UMTS Overview
    UMTS overview David Tipper Associate Professor Graduate Telecommunications and Networking Program University of Pittsburgh 2720 Slides 12 UMTS • ETSI proposed GSM/NA-TDMA /GPRS evolution under name Universal Mobile Telecom. Services (UMTS) • Most of 3G licenses in Europe required operator to deploy a UMTS system covering x% of population by a specific date y – Germany: 25% of population by 12/03, 50% by 12/05 –Norway: 80% of population by 12/04 – In most countries operators have asked for and received deployment delay due to dot.com bust and equipment delays • Estimate 2.5 Billion euros to deploy a 5000 base station UMTS system • According to UMTS Forum – More than 90 million UMTS users as of 10/06 on operating networks in more than 50 countries – Most deployments of UMTS in Europe (~40% of market) and Pacific Rim (~38% market) Telcom 2720 2 UMTS • UMTS is a complete system architecture – As in GSM emphasis on standardized interfaces • mix and match equipment from various vendors – Simple evolution from GPRS – allows one to reuse/upgrade some of the GPRS backhaul equipment – Backward compatible handsets and signaling to support intermode and intersystem handoffs • Intermode; TDD to FDD, FDD to TDD • Intersystem: UMTS to GSM or UMTS to GPRS – UMTS supports a variety of user data rates and both packet and circuit switched services – System composed of three main subsystems Telcom 2720 3 UMTS System Architecture Node B MSC/VLR GMSC PSTN RNC USIM Node B HLR ME Internet Node B RNC SGSN GGSN Node B UE UTRAN CN External Networks • UE (User Equipment) that interfaces with the user • UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) handles all radio related functionality – WCDMA is radio interface standard here.
    [Show full text]
  • 700 Mhz Base Station Test Results for the FCC
    MOBILE --------.. BEFREE 0---.- 700 MHz Base Station Test Results for the FCC Flow Mobile 700 MHz Base Station Test Results 1.0 Document Goal This document provides the test results of a Base Station which provides mobile broadband connectivity using 700 MHz spectrum using the WiFi protocol. Flow Mobile had obtained a STA from the FCC to be able to test a Base Station in the 760-776 MHZ. The purpose of this test was to prove that WiFi protocol can be used at this spectrum and a mobile Base Station can be used to help deploy a large wide-area network. 2.0 Introduction A Base Transceiver Station (BTS) is a major component of any wireless access network to provide wireless service to users. A client terminal connects to a BTS to provide service to the user. Our demonstration is of a BTS operating in 760-776 MHz using WiFi protocol and the client used to test this BTS is based on an off-the-shelf module developed by Ubiquiti Networks. The client can be a handheld device, a computer card that is either connected using the PCMCIA slot or USB connector. The connection between the client and the BTS uses a particular protocol. The protocol could be any of CDMA, GSM, 3G standards or Wi-Fi standards or the future LTE standards. Hence a BTS has two components for the radio connection to be established between the BTS and the Client Terminal. The two components are frequency component which is purely a radio function and a protocol component which is a required for communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Cell ID Allocation in Cellular Networks
    Linköping University | Department of Computer Science Master thesis, 30 ECTS | Informationsteknologi 2016 | LIU-IDA/LITH-EX-A--16/039--SE Physical Cell ID Allocation in Cellular Networks Sofia Nyberg Supervisor : Kaj Holmberg Examiner : Niklas Carlsson Linköpings universitet SE–581 83 Linköping +46 13 28 10 00 , www.liu.se Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under 25 år från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extraordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns lösningar av teknisk och admin- istrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sam- manhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannenslitterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/. Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet – or its possible replacement – for a period of 25 years starting from the date of publication barring exceptional circum- stances. The online availability of the document implies permanent permission for anyone to read, to download, or to print out single copies for his/hers own use and to use it unchanged for non-commercial research and educational purpose.
    [Show full text]