Assessment of Flood Hazard Areas Using Analytical Hierarchy Process

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

AvailableProcedia online Engineering at www.sciencedirect.com 00 (2017) 000–000 2 Seejata et al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia ScienceDirect Flood hazard map is a tool for assessment of flood vulnerability to understand a level of susceptibility to being harmed [3]. In order to identify a degree of the susceptibility, flood hazard map can be constructed on the basis of Procedia Engineering 212 (2018) 340–347 physical and ecological systems in the environment of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). GIS is effective tool

to determine the high risk of flood prone areas down to small hydrological basins. In addition, GIS has its capability 7th International Conference on Building Resilience; Using scientific knowledge to inform policy to manipulate multi-dimensional phenomena of natural hazards using spatial component [4]. 7thand International practice in disaster Conference risk reduction, on Building ICBR2017, Resilience; 27 Using – 29 November scientific knowledge2017, Bangkok, to inform Thailand policy The physical factors used in GIS needs to be associated with a procedure referred to as multi-criteria analysis and practice in disaster risk reduction, ICBR2017, 27 – 29 November 2017, Bangkok, Thailand (MCA) that weights the parameters logically. One of the methods to determine the relative importance of the factors is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) [5, 6] that has been used in many applications [7, 8, 9] In this study, we aim Assessment of flood hazard areas using Analytical Hierarchy to model a flood hazard area using spatial multi-criteria index to understand the relative importance of the Process over the Lower Yom Basin, Sukhothai Province parameters used. Then, the produced flood hazard map is compared and discussed with an observed flood extent Process overa the Lowera Yom Basin, Sukhothaia Provincea from secondary data source. Kamonchat Seejataa, Aphittha Yodyinga, Tubtim Wongthadamb a, Nattapon Mahavika*, Sarintip Kamonchat Seejata , Aphittha Yodying , TubtimTantanee Wongthadamb , Nattapon Mahavik *, Sarintip Tantanee 2. Study area and data

aDepartment of Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand a DepartmentbDepartment of Natural of Resources Civil Engineering, and Environment, Naresuan Naresuan University, University, Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok, Thailand Thailand bDepartment of Civil Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

Abstract Abstract Flood hazard map is essential tool to assess susceptibility of flood prone area. The present study focuses on an assessment of floodFlood hazardhazard areasmap isin essential Sukhothai tool province to assess of susceptibilityThailand where of floodit has prone suffered area. from The floodpresent in studyevery focusesyear with on differentan assessment extents. of Spatifloodal hazard analysis areas in GIS in Sukhothaienvironment province has been of appliedThailand for where the estimation it has suffered of flood from risk floodzones in whichevery yearsix relevant with different physical extents. factors haveSpati albeen analysis selected in GIS namely, environment rainfall has amount, been applied slope, for elevation, the estimation river ofdensity, flood riskland zones use inand which soil sixpermeability. relevant physical The relative factors importanhave beence ofselected physical namely, factors rainfallhas been amount, compared slope, in pairwise elevation, matrix river to density,gain the landweight use values and duringsoil permeability. the process ofThe Analytical relative importance of physical factors has been compared in pairwise matrix to gain the weight values during the process of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The flood hazard zones have been mapped according to their weights. It has been found that Muang, Hierarchy Process (AHP). The flood hazard zones have been mapped according to their weights. It has been found that Muang, Kongkrailat, Khirimat and Sisamrong districts are identified as the high risk zones of flood. Kongkrailat, Khirimat and Sisamrong districts are identified as the high risk zones of flood. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer© 2018-review Theunder responsibilityAuthors. ofPublished the scientific bycommittee Elsevier of the 7thLtd. International Conference on Building Resilience. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience.

* Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] Tel*Corresponding: +66-55-962752 author : Email: [email protected] Tel: +66-55-962752

Keywords: Flood Hazard Map, Thailand, GIS Keywords: Flood Hazard Map, Thailand, GIS

1. Introduction 1. Introduction

Flood is one of the natural disasters that cause a damage worldwide [1]. In 2011, Thailand has also suffered from Flood is one of the natural disasters that cause a damage worldwide [1]. In 2011, Thailand has also suffered from a massive flood event of their histories [2]. There were five tropical storms and three strong low-pressure systems a massive flood event of their histories [2]. There were five tropical storms and three strong low-pressure systems that occurred between June and October 2011. The Chao Phraya River basin (CPRB), the largest basin in Thailand, that occurred between June and October 2011. The Chao Phraya River basin (CPRB), the largest basin in Thailand, has been flooded causing more than 700 people killed. The estimation of total damage loss by the World Bank was Fig. 1. Study area has been flooded causing more than 700 people killed. The estimation of total damage loss by the World Bank was around 1.36 trillion baht. around 1.36 trillion baht. Sukhothai province, Northern Thailand, where is lower part of Yom river has been selected as study area because 1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. the present study area has suffered from every flood, even though the flood extent are different in each year. In Peer1877--review7058 © under 2017 responsibilityThe Authors. ofPublished the scientific by Elsevier committee Ltd. of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. addition, the present study area has not yet been constructed a permanent dam. This may be interested area to model of flood in GIS environment without complicate factor of dam. Sukhothai province covers an area of 6,596 sq. km and it consists of nine districts. The Yom river flows through from the north to southeast of the province that tributary rivers mainly flow to meet the Yom river from the right side of river bank in the central and lower part of the province. Moreover, the northern part of the province is mountainous area which restricts the flood plain 1877-7058 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. compared to larger river flat plain over the central and southern part of the province. The largest of mountainous Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience 10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.044

10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.044 1877-7058 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Kamonchat Seejata et al. / Procedia Engineering 212 (2018) 340–347 341 Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 2 Seejata et al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia Flood hazard map is a tool for assessment of flood vulnerability to understand a level of susceptibility to being harmed [3]. In order to identify a degree of the susceptibility, flood hazard map can be constructed on the basis of physical and ecological systems in the environment of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). GIS is effective tool

Abstract Abstract Flood hazard map is essential tool to assess susceptibility of flood prone area. The present study focuses on an assessment of floodFlood hazardhazard areasmap isin essential Sukhothai tool province to assess of susceptibilityThailand where of floodit has prone suffered area. from The floodpresent in studyevery focusesyear with on differentan assessment extents. of Spatifloodal hazard analysis areas in GIS in Sukhothaienvironment province has been of appliedThailand for where the estimation it has suffered of flood from risk floodzones in whichevery yearsix relevant with different physical extents. factors haveSpati albeen analysis selected in GIS namely, environment rainfall has amount, been applied slope, for elevation, the estimation river ofdensity, flood riskland zones use inand which soil sixpermeability. relevant physical The relative factors importanhave beence ofselected physical namely, factors rainfallhas been amount, compared slope, in pairwise elevation, matrix river to density,gain the landweight use values and duringsoil permeability. the process ofThe Analytical relative importance of physical factors has been compared in pairwise matrix to gain the weight values during the process of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The flood hazard zones have been mapped according to their weights. It has been found that Muang, Hierarchy Process (AHP). The flood hazard zones have been mapped according to their weights. It has been found that Muang, Kongkrailat, Khirimat and Sisamrong districts are identified as the high risk zones of flood. Kongkrailat, Khirimat and Sisamrong districts are identified as the high risk zones of flood. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer© 201-review7 The Authors.under responsibility Published by of Elsevierthe scientific Ltd. committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience.

* Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] Tel*Corresponding: +66-55-962752 author : Email: [email protected] Tel: +66-55-962752

Keywords: Flood Hazard Map, Thailand, GIS Keywords: Flood Hazard Map, Thailand, GIS

1. Introduction 1. Introduction

Flood is one of the natural disasters that cause a damage worldwide [1]. In 2011, Thailand has also suffered from Flood is one of the natural disasters that cause a damage worldwide [1]. In 2011, Thailand has also suffered from a massive flood event of their histories [2]. There were five tropical storms and three strong low-pressure systems a massive flood event of their histories [2]. There were five tropical storms and three strong low-pressure systems that occurred between June and October 2011. The Chao Phraya River basin (CPRB), the largest basin in Thailand, that occurred between June and October 2011. The Chao Phraya River basin (CPRB), the largest basin in Thailand, has been flooded causing more than 700 people killed. The estimation of total damage loss by the World Bank was Fig. 1. Study area has been flooded causing more than 700 people killed. The estimation of total damage loss by the World Bank was around 1.36 trillion baht. around 1.36 trillion baht. Sukhothai province, Northern Thailand, where is lower part of Yom river has been selected as study area because 1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. the present study area has suffered from every flood, even though the flood extent are different in each year. In Peer1877--review7058 © under 2017 responsibilityThe Authors. ofPublished the scientific by Elsevier committee Ltd. of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. addition, the present study area has not yet been constructed a permanent dam. This may be interested area to model of flood in GIS environment without complicate factor of dam. Sukhothai province covers an area of 6,596 sq. km and it consists of nine districts. The Yom river flows through from the north to southeast of the province that tributary rivers mainly flow to meet the Yom river from the right side of river bank in the central and lower part of the province. Moreover, the northern part of the province is mountainous area which restricts the flood plain compared to larger river flat plain over the central and southern part of the province. The largest of mountainous