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Le Demi-Argus Cyaniris Semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775) Apprécie Les Pelouses Calaminaires De La Région Nord - Pas- De-Calais ! Guillaume Lemoine

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Le Demi-Argus Cyaniris Semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775) Apprécie Les Pelouses Calaminaires De La Région Nord - Pas- De-Calais ! Guillaume Lemoine Le Héron. 2012 - 45(1} 59-70 Le Demi-Argus Cyaniris semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775) apprécie les pelouses calaminaires de la région Nord - Pas- de-Calais ! Guillaume Lemoine Résumé La région Nord - Pas-de-Calais accueille diverses végétations calaminaires issues de la métallurgie et du travail du zinc. Des prospections récentes sur les pelouses qui les hébergent ont permis d’y découvrir la présence du Demi- Argus Cyaniris semiargus. Ces observations réalisées loin du bastion connu des populations avesnoises laisseraient supposer l’existence d'une corrélation entre la présence du Demi-Argus et celle d’une végétation métallicole et de taxons métallophytes. La présence de très importantes populations d’Armérie de Haller Armeria maritima subsp. halleri sur ces différents sites et diverses références bibliographiques laisseraient à penser que cette sous-espèce puisse être une plante-hôte du Demi-Argus, même si le développement de la chenille du papillon est principalement inféodée aux Fabacées. Si cette relation se confirmait, l'intérêt patrimonial des espaces calaminaires régionaux s'en trouverait renforcé. The Mazarine Blue Cyaniris semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775) appréciâtes the calaminarian grasslands of the “région Nord - Pas-de-Calais” ! Summary The "région Nord - Pas-de-Calais" harbors various types of calaminarian végétation on lands pollued by the metallurgical (particulary zinc) industry. Recent prospecting on the grasslands where it grows has permited the discovery of the Mazarine Blue Cyaniris semiargus. Those observations carried out far away from the known bastion of the populations of "Avesnois" would lead one to suppose that there is a corrélation between the presence of the Mazarine Blue and the metallicolous végétation. The presence of very important populations of calaminarian Sea Thrift in these different areas and various bibliographical references would suggest that this subspecies might be a host plant for the Mazarine Blue, even if the development of the Caterpillar of the butterfly mainly dépends on Fabacea. If that relationship were confirmed, it would reinforce the patrimonial value of the régional calaminarian areas. Mots-clés : Demi-Argus, dépôts calaminaires, pelouses, Armena maritima subsp. halleri, Armérie maritime, plantes- hôtes. Key words: Mazarine Blue, Calaminarian embrankments, grasslands, Armeria matitima subsp halleri, Sea Thrift, hostplants. Introduction Les pelouses calaminaires sont classées en trois catégories (Duvigneaud et al., 1993 in Graitson et al., 2005). Les pelouses calaminaires primaires correspondent aux végétations présentes sur les zones naturelles où affleurent les différents minerais (zinc, plomb, cadmium). Les pelouses calaminaires de plaine, secondaires et tertiaires, correspondent à un habitat particulier propre à la région Nord - Pas-de-Calais. Issues de l’industrie métallurgique, les pelouses calaminaires secondaires ont pour origine des zones de dépôts de déchets riches en ces métaux et les pelouses calaminaires tertiaires correspondent à des zones où les sols furent pollués par des particules provenant des fumées rejetées par les usines traitant ces métaux et implantées à proximité. Les pelouses calaminaires régionales principalement de type tertiaire, se situent à Mortagne- du-Nord (59) (photo 1 ) et à Auby (59) (photo 2). Ces deux pelouses ont des cortèges floristiques qui ont atteint un niveau de diversification intéressant (photo 3) et ont intégré pour cette raison le réseau Natura 2000. Elles sont caractérisées par la présence de quelques espèces bien particulières : l’Arabette de Haller Arabidopsis halleri, l’Armérie de Haller Armeria maritima subsp. halleri et le Silène humble Silene vulgans var. humilis. À ces trois taxons métallicoles (adaptés aux milieux pollués par les métaux lourds) communs aux deux pelouses régionales, s’ajoute la Pensée calaminaire Viola calaminaria uniquement présente sur le site d’AuBY (Bois des Asturies, parc Péru...). Il s’agit dans la région de taxons qualifiés de métallophytes absolus, c’est-à-dire qui se rencontrent exclusivement sur les espaces riches en éléments traces métalliques (ETM). Cette relation exclusive permet d’identifier facilement certains espaces pollués par le zinc, le plomb et le cadmium lors de remblais divers. L’Armérie de Haller s’observe ainsi le long de routes départementales à Thun-Saint-Amand (photo 4). Cette espèce accompagnée par l’Arabette de Haller et le Silène humble se rencontre le long du canal de la Deûle et de la gare d’eau à Courcelles-les-Lens (62), dans divers délaissés le long de la gare de Flers-en-Escrebieux (59) et à Douai ainsi que le long de bords de routes à Roost-Warendin (59). Le Héron. 2012 - 45(1) : 59-70 Entomologie * >*k- s», ii m te*'* m & j -3 y- sr -i j- fféK* m ! t' S J* • v^i X O- \ ! ' . * «SS V«J s^pisi S* n§ sü ■■ Photo 1.- Pelouse calaminaire de Mortagne-du-Nord - Calaminanan grassland in “Mortagne-du-Nord” (© G. Lemoine). Photo 2.-Pelouse calaminaire du parc Péru à Auby ou domine l'Armérie de Haller Armeria maritima subsp hallen - Calammarian grassland of the “Parc Péru” in “Auby” dominated by calaminarian Sea Thrift populations (© G. Lemoine). ?n. 2012 - 45 (1) : 59-70 Le Demi-Argus Cyaniris semiargus apprécie les pelouses calaminaires de la région Nord - Pas-de-Calais ' Une première découverte C’est dans le cadre du suivi de la pelouse calaminaire du parc Péru à Auby (Lemoine, 2011, 2013) que mon attention fut attirée par la présence de petits papillons bleus et bruns en juin 2012 (photo 7). L’espèce en question est le Demi-Argus. L’analyse de la carte de répartition publiée par Haubreux (2010) montre que l’espèce est localisée dans l’Avesnois avec comme exception une donnée correspondant au nord du Valenciennois, à Mortagne-du-Nord. Le point de Mortagne- du-Nord est riche en questionnement car la commune accueille la seconde pelouse calaminaire régionale. Bien que n’ayant pas la localisation exacte de la donnée sur la commune, nous étions en droit de nous interroger sur l’existence d’une éventuelle corrélation entre la présence du Demi- Argus, hors de ses bastions de l’Avesnois, et celle de la flore calaminaire. La présence de l’espèce sur la pelouse calaminaire de Mortagne-du-Nord a été confirmée avec la parution d’une plaquette du Parc naturel régional Scarpe-Escaut qui présente les sites Natura 2000 sur son territoire (anonyme, 2012). Pour illustrer le site de la pelouse calaminaire de Mortagne-du-Nord et Château-l’Abbaye, une des photos montre un Demi-Argus posé sur une inflorescence d’Armérie de Haller. Avec celle d’AuBY, nous avons ainsi deux données particulières en dehors de l’Avesnois qui méritent que prospections et recherches bibliographiques soient menées pour confirmer ou infirmer une éventuelle corrélation entre la présence de ce papillon, les pelouses et la flore métallicoles de ces dernières. Présentation de l’espèce Demi-Argus Le Demi-Argus ou Azuré des anthyllides est un Lycaenidae Polyommatinae de taille moyenne (14-17 mm). L’espèce est bigénérationnelle voire trigénérationnelle dans notre région (Haubreux, 2011) et elle peut être recherchée à plusieurs moments de l’année. Les ailes du dessus du mâle sont bleu foncé bordé de brun, alors que la femelle est entièrement brune (photo 8). Le dessous (photo 9) est gris-brun dépourvu de dessins marginaux (Lafranchis, 2000). Il habite les prairies fleuries et champs de trèfles jusqu’à 2 200 m. La femelle pond sur les Fabacées, principalement sur le Trèfle des près Trifolium pratense mais également sur le Trèfle rampant Trifolium repens, l’Anthyllide des montagnes Anthyllis montana, le Trèfle intermédiaire Trifolium medium (Lafranchis, 2000) et sur les mélilots Melilotus sp. (Higgins & Riley, 1975). Les plantes hôtes recensées en Wallonie sont : le Trèfle des près, le Trèfle rampant, l’Anthyllide des montagnes, le Mélilot jaune Melilotus officinalis et plus occasionnellement le Genêt des teinturiers Genista tinctoria et l’Ajonc d’Europe Ulex europaeus (Fichefet et al., 2008). Le Demi-Argus est une espèce largement répandue et d’ordinaire commune dans toute l’Europe occidentale (Higgins & Riley, 1975). En France, l’espèce est localisée mais assez abondante. Dans le nord de la France, son aire de répartition est très morcelée (Lafranchis, 2000). Dans le Nord - Pas-de-Calais, l’espèce est confinée à l’Avesnois dans le Nord et est absente du Pas-de- Calais. Elle est considérée comme assez rare (Haubreux, 2010). En région picarde, l’espèce, présente le long de la vallée de l’Oise et au nord de la Thiérache, est inscrite sur la liste rouge régionale et considérée comme très rare et en danger. En termes de conservation, c’est un taxon jugé fortement prioritaire (Clicnat, 2013). En Belgique, l’espèce est considérée en déclin. Elle est disséminée au sud du sillon Sambre-et-Meuse et plus répandue en Gaume (sud-est de la Wallonie). Elle a pratiquement disparu au nord du pays (Lafranchis, 2000). Aujourd’hui, l’espèce est surtout fréquente en Lorraine, où elle montre encore des populations fournies dans les prairies maigres de fauche. Elle s’observe également autour de la botte de Givet, en région liégeoise (bassin mosan), sur le plateau d’Elsenborn et en Ardenne méridionale (Haubreux, comm. pers.). Une présence confirmée sur les pelouses calaminaires régionales. Les premières données régionales en dehors de l’Avesnois reviennent à Patrick François et datent de 2003 et 2005 (Haubreux, comm. pers.). Ces données sont localisées à Mortagne-du- Nord sans plus de précisions. La photo du Parc naturel régional Scarpe-Escaut (PNR) illustrant la flore de la pelouse calaminaire de Mortagne-du-Nord et Château-l’Abbaye montre clairement un Demi-Argus posé sur une inflorescence d’Armérie de Haller (anonyme, 2012). Il est ainsi Le Héron, 2012 -45(1) : 59-70 Entomologie Photo 3.- Flore metallicole - Metallicolous végétation (© G. Lemoine). ' Photo 4.* Armérie de Haller Armena maritima subsp hallen sur bord de route - Calaminanan Sea Thrift by the roadside (<?j G.
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