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Kenya in Crisis
KENYA IN CRISIS Africa Report N°137 – 21 February 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. THE ELECTION CRISIS ............................................................................................. 2 A. A TIGHT AND TENSE RACE ...................................................................................................2 1. Coalition building ......................................................................................................3 2. The issues...................................................................................................................4 B. THE RIGGING OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION ....................................................................6 III. THE SECURITY CRISIS.............................................................................................. 9 A. PROTEST AND REPRESSION....................................................................................................9 B. ESCALATION IN THE RIFT VALLEY ......................................................................................10 1. The rise of Kalenjin warriors in the North Rift .......................................................11 2. The return of Mungiki..............................................................................................13 3. Coast Province: the next theatre of violence?..........................................................15 -
Post-Election Violence in Kenya
Spontaneous or Premeditated? DISCUSSION PAPER 57 SPONTANEOUS OR PREMEDITATED? Post-Election Violence in Kenya GODWIN R. MURUNGA NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UppSALA 2011 Indexing terms: Elections Violence Political violence Political crisis Ethnicity Democratization Kenya The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Language checking: Peter Colenbrander ISSN 1104-8417 ISBN 978-91-7106-694-7 © The author and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2011 Production: Byrå4 Print on demand, Lightning Source UK Ltd. Spontaneous or Premeditated? Contents Contents ..............................................................................................................................................................3 Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................5 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................7 Post-Election Violence: Overview of the Literature .............................................................................8 A Note on the Kenyan Democratisation Processes ............................................................................13 Clash of Interpretations ................................................................................................................................17 The Ballot Box and -
Politician Overboard: Jumping the Party Ship
INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND ADVICE FOR THE PARLIAMENT INFORMATION AND RESEARCH SERVICES Research Paper No. 4 2002–03 Politician Overboard: Jumping the Party Ship DEPARTMENT OF THE PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY ISSN 1328-7478 Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2003 Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written consent of the Department of the Parliamentary Library, other than by Senators and Members of the Australian Parliament in the course of their official duties. This paper has been prepared for general distribution to Senators and Members of the Australian Parliament. While great care is taken to ensure that the paper is accurate and balanced, the paper is written using information publicly available at the time of production. The views expressed are those of the author and should not be attributed to the Information and Research Services (IRS). Advice on legislation or legal policy issues contained in this paper is provided for use in parliamentary debate and for related parliamentary purposes. This paper is not professional legal opinion. Readers are reminded that the paper is not an official parliamentary or Australian government document. IRS staff are available to discuss the paper's contents with Senators and Members and their staff but not with members of the public. Published by the Department of the Parliamentary Library, 2003 I NFORMATION AND R ESEARCH S ERVICES Research Paper No. 4 2002–03 Politician Overboard: Jumping the Party Ship Sarah Miskin Politics and Public Administration Group 24 March 2003 Acknowledgments I would like to thank Martin Lumb and Janet Wilson for their help with the research into party defections in Australia and Cathy Madden, Scott Bennett, David Farrell and Ben Miskin for reading and commenting on early drafts. -
THE BARISAN NASIONAL II Chedet.Co.Cc September 22, 2008 by Dr
THE BARISAN NASIONAL II Chedet.co.cc September 22, 2008 by Dr. Mahathir Mohamad 1. When the Barisan Nasional did very badly in the March 2008 general elections, all the component parties except those in Sabah and Sarawak experienced losses as they had never done before. 2. In the aftermath of the elections, the component parties pointed accusing fingers at each other. Very quickly they were at each other's throats. 3. There were talks about leaving the BN. And now we are seeing the first party to do so and to become an independent party. 4. Where before all parties avoided raising sensitive issues in public, now in the name of democracy and liberalism sensitive issues are brought up in which the component parties of the BN make known the differences in their view. The result is to widen the divide separating the BN component parties. 5. When Ahmad Ismail made unpalatable remarks about the Chinese, it was made out that it was the view of UMNO itself. Far from denying it, the UMNO leadership accepted the blame and apologised. This solved nothing as the Chinese parties refused to accept the apology but demanded the culprit himself should apologise. 6. He refused and UMNO whose president heads the Government suspended Ahmad for three years. This may satisfy some Chinese but almost immediately the Government arrested a Chinese MP under ISA. The effects of Ahmad's suspension have been nullified. 7. Now the Malays are angry with the Chinese and the Chinese are angry with the Malays. Party-wise UMNO is angry with Gerakan and MCA and Gerakan/MCA are angry with UMNO. -
The Power of the Prime Minister
Research Paper Research The Power of the Prime Minister 50 Years On George Jones THE POWER OF THE PRIME MINISTER 50 YEARS ON George Jones Emeritus Professor of Government London School of Economics & Political Science for The Constitution Society Based on a lecture for the Institute of Contemporary British History, King’s College, London, 8 February 2016 First published in Great Britain in 2016 by The Constitution Society Top Floor, 61 Petty France London SW1H 9EU www.consoc.org.uk © The Constitution Society ISBN: 978-0-9954703-1-6 © George Jones 2016. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. THE POWER OF THE PRIME MINISTER 3 Contents About the Author 4 Foreword 5 Introduction 9 Contingencies and Resource Dependency 11 The Formal Remit and Amorphous Convention 13 Key Stages in the Historical Development of the Premiership 15 Biographies of Prime Ministers are Not Enough 16 Harold Wilson 17 Tony Blair – almost a PM’s Department 19 David Cameron – with a department in all but name 21 Hung Parliament and Coalition Government 22 Fixed-term Parliaments Act, 2011 25 Party Dynamics 26 Wilson and Cameron Compared 29 Enhancing the Prime Minister 37 Between Wilson and Cameron 38 Conclusions 39 4 THE POWER OF THE PRIME MINISTER About the Author George Jones has from 2003 been Emeritus Professor of Government at LSE where he was Professor of Government between 1976 and 2003. -
Newspaper Visibility of Members of Parliament in Kenya*
Journalism and Mass Communication, ISSN 2160-6579 D July 2012, Vol. 2, No. 7, 717-734 DAVID PUBLISHING Newspaper Visibility of Members of Parliament in Kenya* Kioko Ireri Indiana University, Bloomington, USA This research investigates variables that predicted news coverage of 212 members of parliament (MPs) in Kenya by four national newspapers in 2009. The 10 variables examined are: ordinary MP, cabinet minister, powerful ministry, parliamentary committee chairmanship, seniority, big tribe identity, major party affiliation, presidential ambition, commenting on contentious issues, and criticizing government. Findings indicate that commenting on contentious issues, criticizing government, cabinet minister, ordinary MP, powerful ministry, and seniority significantly predicted visibility of the parliamentarians in newspaper news. However, a multiple regression analysis shows that the strongest predictors are commenting on contentious issues, cabinet minister, criticizing government, and big tribe identity. While commenting on controversial issues was the strongest predictor, major party identification and committee leadership were found not to predict MPs’ visibility. Keywords: Kenya, members of parliament (MPs), newspapers, newspaper visibility, politicians, visibility, visibility predictor Introduction Today, the mass media have become important platforms for the interaction of elected representatives and constituents. Through the mass media, citizens learn what their leaders are doing for them and the nation. Similarly, politicians use the media to make their agendas known to people. It is, thus, rare to come across elected leaders ignorant about the importance of registering their views, thoughts, or activities in the news media. In Kenya, members of parliament have not hesitated to exploit the power of the mass media to its fullest in their re-election bids and in other agendas beneficial to them. -
The Media and the Anti-Corruption Crusade in Kenya: Weighing the Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects
American University International Law Review Volume 26 | Issue 1 Article 4 2010 The ediM a and the Anti-corruption Crusade in Kenya: Weighing the Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects James Forole Jarso Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the Human Rights Law Commons Recommended Citation Jarso, James Forole. "The eM dia and the Anti-corruption Crusade in Kenya: Weighing the Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects ." American University International Law Review 26 no. 1 (2010): 33-88. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE MEDIA AND THE ANTI-CORRUPTION CRUSADE IN KENYA: WEIGHING THE ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS JAMES FOROLE JARSO* INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 35 I. THE FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION, THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION, AND THE FREEDOM OF THE MEDIA: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS .................................................. 45 A. A DISCOURSE ON CONTENT ..................................................... 45 1. The Freedom of Expression ............................................... 45 2. The Right to Information .................................................. -
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VOLUME 7 NO 2 135 ‘WE’VE BEEN TO HELL AND BACK…’1 Can a Botched Land Reform Programme Explain Kenya’s Political Crisis? (1963–2008) Samuel Kariuki Dr Samuel Kariuki is a senior lecturer in the Sociology Department, School of Social Sciences of the University of the Witwatersrand e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT A central argument pursued in this paper seeks to accord primacy to the unresolved land reform programme in Kenya in debunking the genesis of the country’s intermittent political crises since independence. It is argued that one cannot come to terms with Kenya’s failed democratic process without acknowledging the extent to which patrimonial politics were systematically developed and sustained, and the key to this was land. Land as a resource of political patronage, to reward, and punish, those who were part of, or were perceived as outsiders in an evolving political system that personified the ideals of its leaders gained a particular premium, easily manipulated across the three presidential epochs: Kenyatta (1963-1978), Moi (1978-2002) and Kibaki (2002-2007). The failure of land reform contributed immeasurably to the conflict that followed the December 2007 elections. The spatial character of the electoral violence (eg, Rift Valley and Coastal Province) suggests systemic faults that have marked decades of historic injustices brought about by a land reform policy largely informed not by a constitutional pronouncement but by the interests of the incumbent president. The paper concludes that an end to Kenya’s political crises is not fully contingent on resolving the land issue, but rather on transcending the quest for land reform as a contributor to economic growth and political stability. -
Arkive Nov. 2004 Final
THE NEWSLETTER OF THE RHINO ARK NO. 29 NOV 2006 “Ooohs and Aaahs” of Rhino Charge 2006 INSIDE By Gavin Bennett Page 8 Ksh 30m for fence materials... Finance Minister Page 3 2005/06 Audited Accounts Page 18-19 Chairman’s View RHINO ARK As Government Invests... OBJECTIVES Gate Access Policy Now Priority Rhino Ark seeks solutions in the Aberdare 2006 is witnessing a sea change in the investment sources for mountain range and its eco-system to: Rhino Ark’s Aberdare fence. • Conserve one of Kenya’s finest The word ‘investment’ is used deliberately since donations to the indigenous forests and its total Charity are all used to complete the fence – a key management habitat. tool - for the long term benefit of the Aberdare ecosystem. • Resolve human/wildlife conflict. In this calendar year the Kenya Government is now an investor of significant proportion in the building process. Through budget allocations via the Forest Department in the 05/06 Budget of Ksh RHINO ARK IS 9.16 million (see page 22) and the Kenya Wildlife Service in the COMMITTED TO: Colin Church current 06/07 Budget of Ksh 30 million, materials totaling Ksh 39.16 million are being provided for fence construction. • Mobilise stake holders nation-wide and internationally for initiatives to On November 3 when the Minister for Finance, the Hon. Amos Kimunya, MP commis- protect and conserve the habitat, sioned Phase Six of the fence (see story opposite page) he confirmed Government’s promote managed use of Aberdare resolve to support Rhino Ark with additional funds both for construction and mainte- nance in the future. -
THE ,KENYIVGAZETTE.- Published,By Authority of **Republic of Kenya (Registered As A•Newspaper at the G.P.O.)
THE ,KENYIVGAZETTE.- Published,by Authority of **Republic of Kenya (Registered as a•Newspaper at the G.P.O.) Vol. CX—No. 53 NAIROBI, llth July, 2008 Price Sh. 50 CONTENTS GAZETTE NOTICES GAZETTE NancEs—(Contd.) • PAGE PAGE tricliYe Trude 'Bodices, Mott polies and Price The Standards Act—Declaration Kenya Standards 1712-1714 Control Act—Take4ser 1668 The Energy Act—Approval of Schedule of Tariffs for ylte InealAudiatitAttaltsitiltiuspuitRules—Appoinuncit 1668 Supply of Electricity 1714-1720 the Cotton Act-41red*Sighlalections,eir 1668 The Kenya, Power and Lighting Company Limited— Foreign Exchange Fluctuation Adjustment, etc 1721 ie Esehequerand nt 1668 The Civil Aviation Act—Corrigenda. 1722 )1110 Medial Tariff Otediusions—Common Market for Slam and Southern Africa (COMESA) 1668-1669 The Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act— Environmental Impact Assessment Study Reports 1722-1726 ^Lae, of Succession Act—Appointments 1669 Xenon Petition 1726 04 Children Act—Appointments 1669 The Companies Act—Intended-Dissolution 1726 The Registration of Tides Act—Issue of Provisional Certificates, etc, 1670 Local Government Notices 1726-1727 The Registered Land Act—Issue of New Land Title Deeds, Business Transfer 1727 etc. 1670-1676 Disposal of Uncollected Goods 1727 etc. 1677-1684 The Land Acquisition ActIntention to Acquire Land, LAMS of Policies 1727-1729 . hobos and Administration 1684-1712 Change of Names - 1729 [1667 1668 THE KENYA GAZETTE 11th July, 2008 CORRIGENDA 1Z El I b NOTICE No. 5972 IN Gazette Notice No. 3308 of 2008 amend the expression printed THE COTTON ACT read as "petition for grant of letters of administration intestate" to (Cap. 335) "petition for a grant of probate of will". -
Lord Cecil Parkinson 1
Lord Cecil Parkinson 1 Trade minister in Margaret Thatcher's first government in 1979, Cecil Parkinson went on to become Conservative Party chairman. He was instrumental in privatizing Britain's state-owned enterprises, particularly electricity. In this interview, Parkinson discusses the rethink of the British Conservative Party in the 1970s, Margaret Thatcher's leadership in the Falklands War, the coal miners' strike, and the privatization of state-owned industries. Rethinking the Conservative Party, and the Role of Keith Joseph INTERVIEWER: Let's talk about Margaret Thatcher during the '70s. After the defeat of [Prime Minister Ted] Heath, Margaret Thatcher almost goes back to school. She and Keith Joseph go to Ralph Harris [at the Institute for Economic Affairs] and say, "Give us a reading list." What's going on here? What's Margaret really doing? LORD CECIL PARKINSON: I think Margaret was very happy with the Heath manifesto. If you look at the Heath manifesto, it was almost a mirror image of her 1979 manifesto. All the things—cutting back the role of the state, getting rid of the nationalized industries, curbing the train unions, cutting of taxes, controlling public expenditure—it's all there. It's a very, very good manifesto. And I've heard her recently compliment him on the 1970 manifesto, which was a slightly sort of backhanded compliment, really. What troubled her was that we could be bounced out of it. We could be moved from doing the things which we knew were right and doing things which we secretly knew were wrong because of circumstances, and I think instinctively she felt this was wrong, but she didn't have the sort of intellectual backup, she felt, to back up her instincts. -
Senior and Junior Government Ministers
WMID Mapping tables: Senior and junior government ministers Coverage for data collection Q4 2009 Country Senior ministers Junior ministers Belgium Prime Minister State Secretaries Deputy Prime Ministers Ministers Bulgaria Prime Minister Deputy Ministers Deputy Prime Ministers Chairpersons of State Agencies Ministers Deputy Chairpersons of State Agencies Czech Republic Prime Minister Not applicable Deputy Prime Ministers Ministers Chairman of Legislative Council of Government Denmark Prime Minister Not applicable Ministers Germany Federal Chancellor Parliamentary State Secretaries Federal Ministers Ministers of State Head of Federal Chancellery Estonia Prime Minister Not applicable Ministers Ireland Prime Minister Chief Whip Deputy Prime Minister Ministers of State Ministers Greece Prime Minister Deputy Ministers Ministers State Minister Spain President of the Government State Secretaries Deputy Prime Ministers Ministers France Prime Minister Not applicable Minister of State Ministers State Secretaries High Commissioner Italy President of Council Under-Secretaries of State Deputy Presidents of Council Deputy Ministers Ministers Cyprus Prime Minister Not applicable Ministers Latvia Prime Minister Parliamentary Secretaries Ministers Lithuania Prime Minister Vice Ministers Ministers Luxembourg Prime Minister Not applicable Deputy Prime Minister Ministers Hungary Prime Minister Not applicable Ministers Malta Prime Minister Parliamentary Secretaries Deputy Prime Minister Ministers The Netherlands Prime Minister State Secretaries Deputy Prime