Conservation Status Assessment
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Elias Fries – En Produktiv Vetenskapsman Redan Som Tonåring Började Fries Att Skriva Uppsatser Om Naturen
Elias Fries – en produktiv vetenskapsman Redan som tonåring började Fries att skriva uppsatser om naturen. År 1811, då han fyllt 17 år, fick han sina första alster publi- cerade. Samma år påbörjade han universitetsstudier i Lund och tre år senare var han klar med sin magisterexamen. Därefter Elias Fries – ein produktiver Wissenschaftler följde inte mindre än 64 aktiva år som mykolog, botanist, filosof, lärare, riksdagsman och akademiledamot. Han var oerhört produktiv och författade inte bara stora och betydande böcker i mykologi och botanik utan också hundratals mindre artiklar och uppsatser. Dessutom ledde han ett omfattande arbete med att avbilda svampar. Dessa målningar utgavs som planscher och Bereits als Teenager begann Fries Aufsätze dem schrieb er Tagebücher und die „Tidningar i Na- Die Zeit in Uppsala – weitere 40 Jahre im das führte zu sehr erfolgreichen Ausgaben seiner und schrieb: „In Gleichheit mit allem dem das sich aus Auch der Sohn Elias Petrus, geboren im Jahre 1834, und Seth Lundell (Sammlungen in Uppsala), Fredrik über die Natur zu schreiben. Im Jahre 1811, turalhistorien“ (Neuigkeiten in der Naturalgeschich- Dienste der Mykologie Werke. Das erste, „Sveriges ätliga och giftiga svam- edlen Naturtrieben entwickelt, erfordert das Entstehen war ein begeisterter Botaniker und Mykologe. Leider Hård av Segerstad (publizierte 1924 eine Überarbei- te) mit Artikeln über beispielsweise seltene Pilze, Auch nach seinem Umzug nach Uppsala im Jahre par“ (Schwedens essbare und giftige Pilze), war ein dieser Liebe zur Natur ernste Bemühungen, aber es verstarb er schon in jungen Jahren. Ein dritter Sohn, tung von Fries’ Aufzeichnungen), Meinhard Moser bidrog till att kunskap om svamp spreds. Efter honom har givetvis det vetenskapliga arbetet utvecklats vidare men än idag an- in seinem 18. -
Systematics of the Genus Ramaria Inferred from Nuclear Large Subunit And
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Andrea J. Humpert for the degree of Master of Science in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on November 11, 1999. Title: Systematics of the Genus Ramaria Inferred from Nuclear Large Subunit and Mitochondrial Small Subunit Ribosomal DNA Sequences. Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy Joseph W. Spatafora Ramaria is a genus of epigeous fungi common to the coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest of North America. The extensively branched basidiocarps and the positive chemical reaction of the context in ferric sulfate are distinguishing characteristics of the genus. The genus is estimated to contain between 200-300 species and is divided into four subgenera, i.) R. subgenus Ramaria, ii.) R. subgenus Laeticolora, iii.) R. subgenus Lentoramaria and iv.) R. subgenus Echinoramaria, according to macroscopic, microscopic and macrochemical characters. The systematics of Ramaria is problematic and confounded by intraspecific and possibly ontogenetic variation in several morphological traits. To test generic and intrageneric taxonomic classifications, two gene regions were sequenced and subjected to maximum parsimony analyses. The nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nuc LSU rDNA) was used to test and refine generic, subgeneric and selected species concepts of Ramaria and the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mt SSU rDNA) was used as an independent locus to test the monophyly of Ramaria. Cladistic analyses of both loci indicated that Ramaria is paraphyletic due to several non-ramarioid taxa nested within the genus including Clavariadelphus, Gautieria, Gomphus and Kavinia. In the nuc LSU rDNA analyses, R. subgenus Ramaria species formed a monophyletic Glade and were indicated for the first time to be a sister group to Gautieria. -
Phylogenetic Relationships of the Gomphales Based on Nuc-25S-Rdna, Mit-12S-Rdna, and Mit-Atp6-DNA Combined Sequences
fungal biology 114 (2010) 224–234 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio Phylogenetic relationships of the Gomphales based on nuc-25S-rDNA, mit-12S-rDNA, and mit-atp6-DNA combined sequences Admir J. GIACHINIa,*, Kentaro HOSAKAb, Eduardo NOUHRAc, Joseph SPATAFORAd, James M. TRAPPEa aDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5752, USA bDepartment of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science (TNS), Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan cIMBIV/Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 299, cc 495, 5000 Co´rdoba, Argentina dDepartment of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA article info abstract Article history: Phylogenetic relationships among Geastrales, Gomphales, Hysterangiales, and Phallales Received 16 September 2009 were estimated via combined sequences: nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nuc-25S- Accepted 11 January 2010 rDNA), mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mit-12S-rDNA), and mitochondrial Available online 28 January 2010 atp6 DNA (mit-atp6-DNA). Eighty-one taxa comprising 19 genera and 58 species were inves- Corresponding Editor: G.M. Gadd tigated, including members of the Clathraceae, Gautieriaceae, Geastraceae, Gomphaceae, Hysterangiaceae, Phallaceae, Protophallaceae, and Sphaerobolaceae. Although some nodes Keywords: deep in the tree could not be fully resolved, some well-supported lineages were recovered, atp6 and the interrelationships among Gloeocantharellus, Gomphus, Phaeoclavulina, and Turbinel- Gomphales lus, and the placement of Ramaria are better understood. Both Gomphus sensu lato and Rama- Homobasidiomycetes ria sensu lato comprise paraphyletic lineages within the Gomphaceae. Relationships of the rDNA subgenera of Ramaria sensu lato to each other and to other members of the Gomphales were Systematics clarified. -