Introduction What Is a Batch Processing File?
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Operating Systems
Operating Systems Interface between User & Computer Hardware Applications Programs Utilities Operating System Hardware Utilities Memory Resident File Access & Control Program Creation Memory Resident File Format Structures o Editors Access Management o Compilers Protection Schemes o Debuggers System Access & Control File Manipulation System-Wide Access o File Manipulation Resource Access o File Deletion Error Detection & Response Mechanism Program Execution Error Detection Link-Loaders Error Correction Run-Time Management Response to Unrecoverable Error I/O Device Access & Control Accounting Storage File Format Structures System Usage Collection Access Management System Performance Tuning Protection Schemes Forecasting Enhancement Requirements Billing Users for Usage Resource Manager O/S KernelKernel I/O Controller Printers, Keyboards, I/O Controller Monitors, Portions of Cameras, the O/S Etc. currently in use Computer Main System Memory Portions of Various I/O Application Devices Programs Currently in use Operating System Data Application Programs I/O Controller Storage Processor Processor Data Processor Processor Operation Allocation of Main Memory is made jointly by both the O/S and Memory Management Hardware O/S controls access to I/O devices by Application Programs O/S controls access to and use of files O/S controls access to and use of the processors, i.e., how much time can be allocated to the execution of a particular Application Program Classification of Operating Systems Interactive O/S Keyboard & Monitor Access to O/S Immediate, -
Windows BATCH Scripting Loops
Windows BATCH Scripting_Loops Table of Contents Loops ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Loops Multiple File Example ........................................................................................................... 5 Loops Directory Example ................................................................................................................ 8 Loops Multiple Lines in a File Example ........................................................................................... 9 Loops Running a Command Multiple Times ................................................................................. 10 For Loops ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Tokenizing Loop Example -1 ........................................................................................................ 13 Tokenizing Loop Example -2 ........................................................................................................ 16 Notices .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Page 1 of 17 Loops Loops A core component of scripts – allow one thing many times Windows batch scripts use “FOR – DO” and has 4 different constructs depending on which switches are used with “FOR” • Multiple Files – perform one command on each file FOR %a -
Chapter 10 Introduction to Batch Files
Instructor’s Manual Chapter 10 Lecture Notes Introduction to Batch Files Chapter 10 Introduction to Batch Files LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Compare and contrast batch and interactive processing. 2. Explain how batch files work. 3. Explain the purpose and function of the REM, ECHO, and PAUSE commands. 4. Explain how to stop or interrupt the batch file process. 5. Explain the function and use of replaceable parameters in batch files. 6. Explain the function of pipes, filters, and redirection in batch files. STUDENT OUTCOMES 1. Use Edit to write batch files. 2. Use COPY CON to write batch files. 3. Write and execute a simple batch file. 4. Write a batch file to load an application program. 5. Use the REM, PAUSE, and ECHO commands in batch files. 6. Terminate a batch file while it is executing. 7. Write batch files using replaceable parameters. 8. Write a batch file using pipes, filters, and redirection. CHAPTER SUMMARY 1. Batch processing means running a series of instructions without interruption. 2. Interactive processing allows the user to interface directly with the computer and update records immediately. 3. Batch files allow a user to put together a string of commands and execute them with one command. 4. Batch files must have the .BAT or .CMD file extension. 5. Windows looks first internally for a command, then for a .COM files extension, then for a .EXE file extension, and finally for a .BAT or .CMD file extension. 6. Edit is a full-screen text editor used to write batch files. 7. A word processor, if it has a means to save files in ASCII, can be used to write batch files. -
Uni Hamburg – Mainframe Summit 2010 Z/OS – the Mainframe Operating System
Uni Hamburg – Mainframe Summit 2010 z/OS – The Mainframe Operating System Appendix 2 – JES and Batchprocessing Redelf Janßen IBM Technical Sales Mainframe Systems [email protected] © Copyright IBM Corporation 2010 Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM. 4.0.1 Introduction to the new mainframe Chapter 7: Batch processing and the Job Entry Subsystem (JES) © Copyright IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Introduction to the new mainframe Chapter 7 objectives Be able to: • Give an overview of batch processing and how work is initiated and managed in the system. • Explain how the job entry subsystem (JES) governs the flow of work through a z/OS system. © Copyright IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. 3 Introduction to the new mainframe Key terms in this chapter • batch processing • procedure • execution • purge • initiator • queue • job • spool • job entry subsystem (JES) • symbolic reference • output • workload manager (WLM) © Copyright IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. 4 Introduction to the new mainframe What is batch processing? Much of the work running on z/OS consists of programs called batch jobs. Batch processing is used for programs that can be executed: • With minimal human interaction • At a scheduled time or on an as-needed basis. After a batch job is submitted to the system for execution, there is normally no further human interaction with the job until it is complete. © Copyright IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. 5 Introduction to the new mainframe What is JES? In the z/OS operating system, JES manages the input and output job queues and data. -
Approaches to Optimize Batch Processing on Z/OS
Front cover Approaches to Optimize Batch Processing on z/OS Apply the latest z/OS features Analyze bottlenecks Evaluate critical path Alex Louwe Kooijmans Elsie Ramos Jan van Cappelle Lydia Duijvestijn Tomohiko Kaneki Martin Packer ibm.com/redbooks Redpaper International Technical Support Organization Approaches to Optimize Batch Processing on z/OS October 2012 REDP-4816-00 Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page v. First Edition (October 2012) This edition applies to all supported z/OS versions and releases. This document created or updated on October 24, 2012. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2012. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Notices . .v Trademarks . vi Preface . vii The team who wrote this paper . vii Now you can become a published author, too! . viii Comments welcome. viii Stay connected to IBM Redbooks . ix Chapter 1. Getting started . 1 1.1 The initial business problem statement. 2 1.2 How to clarify the problem statement . 3 1.3 Process to formulate a good problem statement . 3 1.4 How to create a good business case . 5 1.5 Analysis methodology . 6 1.5.1 Initialization . 6 1.5.2 Analysis. 6 1.5.3 Implementation . 10 Chapter 2. Analysis steps. 13 2.1 Setting the technical strategy . 14 2.2 Understanding the batch landscape . 15 2.2.1 Identifying where batch runs and the available resources . 15 2.2.2 Job naming conventions . 15 2.2.3 Application level performance analysis. -
Parallel Processing Here at the School of Statistics
Parallel Processing here at the School of Statistics Charles J. Geyer School of Statistics University of Minnesota http://www.stat.umn.edu/~charlie/parallel/ 1 • batch processing • R package multicore • R package rlecuyer • R package snow • grid engine (CLA) • clusters (MSI) 2 Batch Processing This is really old stuff (from 1975). But not everyone knows it. If you do the following at a unix prompt nohup nice -n 19 some job & where \some job" is replaced by an actual job, then • the job will run in background (because of &). • the job will not be killed when you log out (because of nohup). • the job will have low priority (because of nice -n 19). 3 Batch Processing (cont.) For example, if foo.R is a plain text file containing R commands, then nohup nice -n 19 R CMD BATCH --vanilla foo.R & executes the commands and puts the printout in the file foo.Rout. And nohup nice -n 19 R CMD BATCH --no-restore foo.R & executes the commands, puts the printout in the file foo.Rout, and saves all created R objects in the file .RData. 4 Batch Processing (cont.) nohup nice -n 19 R CMD BATCH foo.R & is a really bad idea! It reads in all the objects in the file .RData (if one is present) at the beginning. So you have no idea whether the results are reproducible. Always use --vanilla or --no-restore except when debugging. 5 Batch Processing (cont.) This idiom has nothing to do with R. If foo is a compiled C or C++ or Fortran main program that doesn't have command line arguments (or a shell, Perl, Python, or Ruby script), then nohup nice -n 19 foo & runs it. -
Learning Objectives ECHO Commands. Command. 10. Explain
. SA Learning Objectives After completing this chapter you will be able to: 1. List commands used in batch files. 2. List and explain batch file rules. 3. Use a batch file with a shortcut. 3. Explore the function of the REM, 4. Use the SHIFT command to move param- ECHO commands. eters. 4. Explain the use of batch files with shortcuts. 5. Use the IF command with strings for condi- 5. Explain the purpose and function of the tional processing. GOTO command. 6. Test for null values in a batch file. 6. Explain the purpose and function of the 7. Use the IF EXIST /IF SHIFT command. test for the existence of a file or a 7. Explain the purpose and function of the IF subdirectory. command. 8. Use the SET command. 8. Explain the purpose and function of the IF 9. Use the environment and environmental EXIST /IF variables in batch files. 9. Explain the purpose and function of the IF 10. Use the IF ERRORLEVEL command ERRORLEVEL command. XCOpy to write a batch file for testing exit 10. Explain the purpose and function of writing codes. programs. 11. Use the FOR...IN...OO command for repeti- 11. Explain the purpose and function of the tive processing. environment and environmental variables. 12. Use the CALL command in a batch file. 12. Explain the use of the SET command. 13. Explain the purpose and function of the Chapter Overview FOR...IN...OO command. You learned in Chapter 10 how to write simple 14. Explain the purpose and function of the batch files and use replaceable parameters. -
Starting a Batch File Example
LA Solutions ShellBatch.doc Starting a Batch File from MicroStation There have been a couple of questions in the MicroStation newsgroups along the lines of “How do I start an operating system batch file without leaving MicroStation?” One answer to the question is to use Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), which is part and parcel of MicroStation V8. VBA provides extensive functionality, which you can extend by referencing built-in Visual Basic (VB) methods, and even by calling the Win32 native application programming interface (API) directly. VB provides a Shell() method, which means ‘attempt to start whatever executable program I give you’. A batch file (having a .bat extension) is not an executable file. The way to ‘execute’a batch file is to give its path to the Windows built-in command executable cmd.exe. The way to persuade the operating system to do something with a batch file is to put these ideas together like this… Shell(“cmd.exe /k batchfile.bat”) Unfortunately, things aren’t always as simple as we would like, because Shell() can’t itself divine the location of the executable file. The VBA project ShellBatch.mvba takes care of these details, and all you have to know is how to start it. 1. Copy ShellBatch.mvba to one of the folders in your computer’s VBA search path (MS_VBASEARCHDIRECTORIES). C:\Program Files\Bentley\Workspace\Standards\VBA is a good choice 2. Open MicroStation’s key-in window from the Utilities menu 3. Start your batch file with the following key-in: you must know the full path to the file: vba run [ShellBatch].Module1.Main <batch file path> For example: vba run [ShellBatch]Module1.Main D:\temp\test.bat Copyright © LA Solutions 2003…2005 visit http://www.la-solutions.co.uk. -
MTS on Wikipedia Snapshot Taken 9 January 2011
MTS on Wikipedia Snapshot taken 9 January 2011 PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sun, 09 Jan 2011 13:08:01 UTC Contents Articles Michigan Terminal System 1 MTS system architecture 17 IBM System/360 Model 67 40 MAD programming language 46 UBC PLUS 55 Micro DBMS 57 Bruce Arden 58 Bernard Galler 59 TSS/360 60 References Article Sources and Contributors 64 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 65 Article Licenses License 66 Michigan Terminal System 1 Michigan Terminal System The MTS welcome screen as seen through a 3270 terminal emulator. Company / developer University of Michigan and 7 other universities in the U.S., Canada, and the UK Programmed in various languages, mostly 360/370 Assembler Working state Historic Initial release 1967 Latest stable release 6.0 / 1988 (final) Available language(s) English Available programming Assembler, FORTRAN, PL/I, PLUS, ALGOL W, Pascal, C, LISP, SNOBOL4, COBOL, PL360, languages(s) MAD/I, GOM (Good Old Mad), APL, and many more Supported platforms IBM S/360-67, IBM S/370 and successors History of IBM mainframe operating systems On early mainframe computers: • GM OS & GM-NAA I/O 1955 • BESYS 1957 • UMES 1958 • SOS 1959 • IBSYS 1960 • CTSS 1961 On S/360 and successors: • BOS/360 1965 • TOS/360 1965 • TSS/360 1967 • MTS 1967 • ORVYL 1967 • MUSIC 1972 • MUSIC/SP 1985 • DOS/360 and successors 1966 • DOS/VS 1972 • DOS/VSE 1980s • VSE/SP late 1980s • VSE/ESA 1991 • z/VSE 2005 Michigan Terminal System 2 • OS/360 and successors -
Implementing Batch Processing in Java EE 7 Ivar Grimstad
Implementing Batch Processing in Java EE 7 Ivar Grimstad Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad About Ivar Grimstad @ivar_grimstad Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad batch (plural batches) The quantity of bread or other baked goods baked at one time. We made a batch of cookies to take to the party. Source: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/batch Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad Content • Batch Applications • Batch in Java EE 7 • Demo • Wrap-Up Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad History Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad Batch Applications Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad Common Usages • Bulk database updates • Image processing • Conversions Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad Advantages of Batch Processing • No User Interaction • Utilize Batch Windows • Repetitive Work Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad Disadvantages of Batch Processing • Training • Difficult Debugging • Costly Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad To The Rescue Batch Frameworks Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad Batch Frameworks • Jobs, steps, decision elements, relationships • Parallel or sequential processing • State • Launch, pause and resume • Error handling Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad Requirements of Batch Applications Large Data Volume Automation Robustness Reliability Performance Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad Batch Processing in Java EE 7 Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad The Batch Processing Framework • Batch Runtime • Job Specification • Java API – Runtime interaction – Implementation Batch - JavaLand 2014 @ivar_grimstad Batch -
Operating System (OS) - Early OS
Operating System (OS) - Early OS Unit-1 Virtual University Of Kumar Dept. Of Computing BCA – 2nd Year Objective – Operating System • Introduction to OS Early OS Buffering SPOOLING Different kinds of operating systems (OS) • Process Management • CPU Scheduling concepts Operating System(OS) - Early OS 2 Early OS • Efficiency consideration is more important than convenience • Different Phases / Generations in the past 40 years ( In decade interval) • 1940’s, earliest digital computers has NO OS • Machine language on PUNCHED CARD was used • Later ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE was developed to increase speed of programming. Operating System(OS) - Early OS 3 Early OS • 1st OS by 1950’s for IBM701 by GM RESEARCH Laboratories One job at a time Smoothed the transition between jobs to increase the UTILIZATION of computer system • Program's and Data's were submitted in groups or batches Called “Single stream batch processing system” Operating System(OS) - Early OS 4 The 1960`s Batch processing systems • Contains – Card reader – Card punches – Printers – Tape drives & Disk Drives Development of multiprogramming • Several programs are in memory at once • Processor switch from job to job as needed, and keeps the peripheral devices in use Operating System(OS) - Early OS 5 The 1960`s Advanced OS developed to service multiple “Interactive users” at once – Interactive users communicate to the computer via TERMINALS which are online (Directly connected) to computer. Timesharing systems were developed to multi program large numbers of simultaneous users • Mostly multimode systems – Support batch processing & real-time • Real-time = Supplies immediate response Operating System(OS) - Early OS 6 The 1970`s • Mostly Multi-mode Time-sharing systems Support • Batch processing • Time sharing • Real-time applications TCP/IP communication standard of dept.of.defence (USA) widely used LAN was made practical & Economical by Ethernet standard. -
Introduction-To-Mainframes.Pdf
Mainframe The term ‘MainFrame’ brings to mind a giant room of electronic parts that is a computer, referring to the original CPU cabinet in a computer of the mid-1960’s. Today, Mainframe refers to a class of ultra-reliable large and medium-scale servers designed for carrier-class and enterprise-class systems operations. Mainframes are costly, due to the support of symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and dozens of central processors existing within in a single system. Mainframes are highly scalable. Through the addition of clusters, high-speed caches and volumes of memory, they connect to terabyte holding data subsystems. Mainframe computer Mainframe is a very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users simultaneously. In the hierarchy that starts with a simple microprocessor at the bottom and moves to supercomputers at the top, mainframes are just below supercomputers. In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe. The distinction between small mainframes and minicomputers is vague, depending really on how the manufacturer wants to market its machines. Modern mainframe computers have abilities not so much defined by their single task computational speed (usually defined as MIPS — Millions of Instructions Per Second) as by their redundant internal engineering and resulting high reliability and security, extensive input-output facilities, strict backward compatibility with older software, and high utilization rates to support massive throughput. These machines often run for years without interruption, with repairs and hardware upgrades taking place during normal operation.