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Chemistry Problem Solving Drill

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Chemistry Problem Solving Drill Inorganic Chemistry - Problem Drill 16: The d and f Block Elements Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. The lanthanide series (4f) of chemical elements comprises the fifteen metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71. Which element is not generally classified with the lanthanides? A. La B. Lu C. U Question D. Gd E. Nd A. Incorrect! La is generally included as the first element in the lanthanide series, despite having no electrons in the f- orbital, since the properties are similar to the f-block lanthanide series (6s2, 5d1). B. Incorrect! Lu is the last element in the lanthanide series and has a fully filled f-orbital (5d14f14). C. Correct! U belongs to the actinide (5f) series of elements. Feedback D. Incorrect! Gd has a 4f7 electron configuration. Hence, belongs with the lanthanide series of elements. E. Incorrect! Nd has a 4f4 electron configuration. Hence belongs to the lanthanide series of elements. Correct answer: U Uranium belongs to the 5f-block of elements, known as the actinides. The actinides are classified together since they have similar properties. Solution RapidLearningCenter.com Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 2 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color. Which statement is not true on a property or application of Ti? A. Ti has high strength and low mass compared with steel. B. Ti does not react with halogens. Question C. Ti is used in aerospace industry. D. Rutile is a mineral of Ti. E. Ti is resistant to corrosion. A. Incorrect! Ti is used in applications which require a low mass to strength ratio (e.g., air craft engines). B. Correct! This is a false statement. Ti is forms tetrahalides (TiCl4). C. Incorrect! Due to its high strength and low mass it is used in the aerospace industry. D. Incorrect! Feedback Rutile has the formula TiO2 and is a mineral of Ti. E. Incorrect! Ti is a corrosion resistant material. Correct Answer B. Ti does not react with halogens. This statement is not true. Titanium does react with the halogens upon warming to form titanium(IV) halides. Ti is known for its high strength and low density. Solution RapidLearningCenter.com Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 3 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard and brittle metal which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point. Which of the following is not a property or application of group 6 element Cr? A. Cr has an electron configuration 4s23d4. B. Chromium is used in the electroplating industry. Question C. The presence of Cr gives red color to the gem ruby. D. Chromite is a mineral containing Cr. E. Chromium is used in alloys. A. Correct! Cr and Mo does not show the expected electron configuration of 4s23d4, instead prefers the 4s13d5 configuration as it is more stable with half-filled per Hund’s rule. B. Incorrect! Chromium plating is used for decorative purposes and to increase surface hardness of other materials. C. Incorrect! The red color of ruby is due to the presence of Cr. Most transition elements are colored due to d-d transitions. Feedback D. Incorrect! Chromite is an iron chromium oxide (FeCr2O4). It is indeed a chromium oxide mineral. E. Incorrect! Chromium is alloyed with Fe in certain steel materials. Correct answer A. Cr has an electron configuration 4s23d4. Cr and Mo do not show the expected electron configuration of 4s23d4, instead, prefers the 4s13d5 configuration. This is in according to the Hund’s Rule - Every orbital in a sublevel is singly occupied Solution before any orbital is doubly occupied. RapidLearningCenter.com Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 4 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. Which of the following is not an application or property of group 7 metal Mn? A. Mn is used as cathode material in dry cell batteries. B. Common mineral of Mn is pyrolusite (MnO2). Question C. Mn can form compounds with +7 oxidation state. D. Mn is the most abundant group 7 element. E. Mn compounds are white in color. A. Incorrect! This is a true statement. MnO2 is a part of cathode material in dry cell batteries. B. Incorrect! This is indeed a common mineral of Mn. C. Incorrect! This is a true statement. Mn has seven valence electrons (4s23d5). D. Incorrect! Feedback The other group 7 elements (Tc and Re) are found only in trace amounts in nature. E. Correct! Mn is a transition metal, containing partially filled d-orbitals. Transition metal compounds are generally colored due to d-d and/or metal-ligand transitions. Aqueous solution of KMnO4 has the deep purple of Mn(VII) as it occurs in permanganate. Correct answer E. Mn compounds are white in color. Mn is a transition metal, containing partially filled d-orbitals. Transition metal compounds are generally colored due to d-d and/or metal-ligand transitions. The most stable oxidation state for manganese is +2, which has a pale pink color. Permanganate (+7 oxidation state) compounds are purple, and can give Solution glass a violet color. RapidLearningCenter.com Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 5 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. Group 8 consists of iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os) and hassium (Hs). They are all transition metals. Like other groups, the members of this family show patterns in electron configuration, especially in the outermost shells, resulting in trends in chemical behavior. Which of the following is not a property or application of Group 8 elements, Fe, Ru and Os? A. Ru has a different d-electron configuration than Fe and Os. B. Osmium is one of the densest elements. C. Fe is isolated by reduction of Fe2O3 by CO. Question D. All elements of group 8 also belong to the Pt group metals and are equally reactive. E. Fe plays a role in the binding and activation of oxygen in biological enzymes and proteins. A. Incorrect! This is a true statement. Ru has an s1d7 electron configuration, whereas, Fe and Os have the expected s2d6 electron configuration. B. Incorrect! Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element. The density of Os is 22.5 g/cm3. C. Incorrect! Fe is isolated by the reduction of Fe2O3 (hematite mineral) by the following reaction: Fe2O3 + 3 CO 2 Fe + 3 CO2 Feedback D. Correct! Fe does not belong to the Pt group of metals. The Pt group metals include Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd and Pt which are all clustered together in the periodic table and exhibit similar properties. E. Incorrect! Fe is the central metal in hemoglobin which binds and transports molecular oxygen. Correct answer D. All elements of group 8 also belong to the Pt group metals and are equally reactive. Fe does not belong to the Pt group of metals. The Pt group metals include Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd and Pt which are all clustered together in the periodic table and exhibit similar properties. Solution RapidLearningCenter.com Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 6 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. Group 9, numbered by IUPAC nomenclature, is a group of chemical element in the periodic table. Members are cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir) and meitnerium (Mt). These are all transition metals in the d-block. All known isotopes of meitnerium are radioactive with short half-lives, and it is not known to occur in nature. Which of the following is not a property or application of group 9 elements Co, Rh and Ir? A. Rh has a different d-electron configuration than Co and Ir. Question B. Co is found in vitamin B-12. C. Rh and Ir are one of the most abundant elements on earth. D. Rh complexes are used as homogeneous catalyst. E. Radioactive isotope is used as a source of gamma rays. A. Incorrect! Rh has the electron configuration [Kr]5s14d8, which is different from the expected configuration s2, d7 shown by Co and Ir. B. Incorrect! Co is part of the Vitamin B-12 structure and is a class of Co containing compounds known as cobalamines.
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