Interface Between Fungi and Green Algae in Lichen Associations
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Molecular Phylogenetic Study at the Generic Boundary Between the Lichen-Forming Fungi Caloplaca and Xanthoria (Ascomycota, Teloschistaceae)
Mycol. Res. 107 (11): 1266–1276 (November 2003). f The British Mycological Society 1266 DOI: 10.1017/S0953756203008529 Printed in the United Kingdom. Molecular phylogenetic study at the generic boundary between the lichen-forming fungi Caloplaca and Xanthoria (Ascomycota, Teloschistaceae) Ulrik SØCHTING1 and Franc¸ ois LUTZONI2 1 Department of Mycology, Botanical Institute, University of Copenhagen, O. Farimagsgade 2D, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark. 2 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA. E-mail : [email protected] Received 5 December 2001; accepted 5 August 2003. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of rDNA was performed for seven Caloplaca, seven Xanthoria, one Fulgensia and five outgroup species. Phylogenetic hypotheses are constructed based on nuclear small and large subunit rDNA, separately and in combination. Three strongly supported major monophyletic groups were revealed within the Teloschistaceae. One group represents the Xanthoria fallax-group. The second group includes three subgroups: (1) X. parietina and X. elegans; (2) basal placodioid Caloplaca species followed by speciations leading to X. polycarpa and X. candelaria; and (3) a mixture of placodioid and endolithic Caloplaca species. The third main monophyletic group represents a heterogeneous assemblage of Caloplaca and Fulgensia species with a drastically different metabolite content. We report here that the two genera Caloplaca and Xanthoria, as well as the subgenus Gasparrinia, are all polyphyletic. The taxonomic significance of thallus morphology in Teloschistaceae and the current delimitation of the genus Xanthoria is discussed in light of these results. INTRODUCTION Taxonomy of Teloschistaceae and its genera The Teloschistaceae is a well-delimited family of Hawksworth & Eriksson (1986) assigned the Teloschis- lichenized fungi. -
Specific Fungal-Algal Interaction in Usnea Hakonensis
Kono et al. BMC Genomics (2020) 21:671 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07086-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access In vitro resynthesis of lichenization reveals the genetic background of symbiosis- specific fungal-algal interaction in Usnea hakonensis Mieko Kono1,2* , Yoshiaki Kon3, Yoshihito Ohmura4, Yoko Satta1 and Yohey Terai1 Abstract Background: Symbiosis is central to ecosystems and has been an important driving force of the diversity of life. Close and long-term interactions are known to develop cooperative molecular mechanisms between the symbiotic partners and have often given them new functions as symbiotic entities. In lichen symbiosis, mutualistic relationships between lichen-forming fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria produce unique features that make lichens adaptive to a wide range of environments. Although the morphological, physiological, and ecological uniqueness of lichens has been described for more than a century, the genetic mechanisms underlying this symbiosis are still poorly known. Results: This study investigated the fungal-algal interaction specific to the lichen symbiosis using Usnea hakonensis as a model system. The whole genome of U. hakonensis, the fungal partner, was sequenced by using a culture isolated from a natural lichen thallus. Isolated cultures of the fungal and the algal partners were co-cultured in vitro for 3 months, and thalli were successfully resynthesized as visible protrusions. Transcriptomes of resynthesized and natural thalli (symbiotic states) were compared to that of isolated cultures (non-symbiotic state). Sets of fungal and algal genes up-regulated in both symbiotic states were identified as symbiosis-related genes. Conclusion: From predicted functions of these genes, we identified genetic association with two key features fundamental to the symbiotic lifestyle in lichens. -
A Multigene Phylogenetic Synthesis for the Class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 Fungi Representing 1139 Infrageneric Taxa, 317 Genera and 66 Families
A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families Miadlikowska, J., Kauff, F., Högnabba, F., Oliver, J. C., Molnár, K., Fraker, E., ... & Stenroos, S. (2014). A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 79, 132-168. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003 Elsevier Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (2014) 132–168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families ⇑ Jolanta Miadlikowska a, , Frank Kauff b,1, Filip Högnabba c, Jeffrey C. Oliver d,2, Katalin Molnár a,3, Emily Fraker a,4, Ester Gaya a,5, Josef Hafellner e, Valérie Hofstetter a,6, Cécile Gueidan a,7, Mónica A.G. Otálora a,8, Brendan Hodkinson a,9, Martin Kukwa f, Robert Lücking g, Curtis Björk h, Harrie J.M. Sipman i, Ana Rosa Burgaz j, Arne Thell k, Alfredo Passo l, Leena Myllys c, Trevor Goward h, Samantha Fernández-Brime m, Geir Hestmark n, James Lendemer o, H. Thorsten Lumbsch g, Michaela Schmull p, Conrad L. Schoch q, Emmanuël Sérusiaux r, David R. Maddison s, A. Elizabeth Arnold t, François Lutzoni a,10, -
Symbiotic Microalgal Diversity Within Lichenicolous Lichens and Crustose
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Symbiotic microalgal diversity within lichenicolous lichens and crustose hosts on Iberian Peninsula gypsum biocrusts Patricia Moya 1*, Arantzazu Molins 1, Salvador Chiva 1, Joaquín Bastida 2 & Eva Barreno 1 This study analyses the interactions among crustose and lichenicolous lichens growing on gypsum biocrusts. The selected community was composed of Acarospora nodulosa, Acarospora placodiiformis, Diploschistes diacapsis, Rhizocarpon malenconianum and Diplotomma rivas-martinezii. These species represent an optimal system for investigating the strategies used to share phycobionts because Acarospora spp. are parasites of D. diacapsis during their frst growth stages, while in mature stages, they can develop independently. R. malenconianum is an obligate lichenicolous lichen on D. diacapsis, and D. rivas-martinezii occurs physically close to D. diacapsis. Microalgal diversity was studied by Sanger sequencing and 454-pyrosequencing of the nrITS region, and the microalgae were characterized ultrastructurally. Mycobionts were studied by performing phylogenetic analyses. Mineralogical and macro- and micro-element patterns were analysed to evaluate their infuence on the microalgal pool available in the substrate. The intrathalline coexistence of various microalgal lineages was confrmed in all mycobionts. D. diacapsis was confrmed as an algal donor, and the associated lichenicolous lichens acquired their phycobionts in two ways: maintenance of the hosts’ microalgae and algal switching. Fe and Sr were the most abundant microelements in the substrates but no signifcant relationship was found with the microalgal diversity. The range of associated phycobionts are infuenced by thallus morphology. Lichens are a well-known and reasonably well-studied examples of obligate fungal symbiosis 1,2. Tey have tra- ditionally been considered the symbiotic phenotype resulting from the interactions of a single fungal partner and one or a few photosynthetic partners. -
Photobiont Relationships and Phylogenetic History of Dermatocarpon Luridum Var
Plants 2012, 1, 39-60; doi:10.3390/plants1020039 OPEN ACCESS plants ISSN 2223-7747 www.mdpi.com/journal/plants Article Photobiont Relationships and Phylogenetic History of Dermatocarpon luridum var. luridum and Related Dermatocarpon Species Kyle M. Fontaine 1, Andreas Beck 2, Elfie Stocker-Wörgötter 3 and Michele D. Piercey-Normore 1,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 München, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Organismic Biology, Ecology and Diversity of Plants, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Michele.Piercey-Normore@ad. umanitoba.ca; Tel.: +1-204-474-9610; Fax: +1-204-474-7588. Received: 31 July 2012; in revised form: 11 September 2012 / Accepted: 25 September 2012 / Published: 10 October 2012 Abstract: Members of the genus Dermatocarpon are widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere along the edge of lakes, rivers and streams, and are subject to abiotic conditions reflecting both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Little is known about the evolutionary relationships within the genus and between continents. Investigation of the photobiont(s) associated with sub-aquatic and terrestrial Dermatocarpon species may reveal habitat requirements of the photobiont and the ability for fungal species to share the same photobiont species under different habitat conditions. The focus of our study was to determine the relationship between Canadian and Austrian Dermatocarpon luridum var. luridum along with three additional sub-aquatic Dermatocarpon species, and to determine the species of photobionts that associate with D. -
Butlletí 82 (2018)
82 Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural 82 Barcelona 2018 Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’HistòriaButlletí de la Institució Catalana Natural 2018 Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 82: 3-4. 2018 ISSN 2013-3987 (online edition): ISSN: 1133-6889 (print edition)3 nota BREU NOTA BREU Torymus sinensis Kamijo, 1982 (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) has arrived in Spain Torymus sinensis Kamijo, 1982 (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) ha arribat a Espanya Juan Luis Jara-Chiquito* & Juli Pujade-Villar* * Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Biologia. Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (Secció invertebrats). Diagonal, 643. 08028 Barcelona (Catalunya). A/e: [email protected], [email protected] Rebut: 25.11.2017. Acceptat: 12.12.2017. Publicat: 08.01.2018 a b Figure 1. SEM pictures of Torymus sinensis collected in Catalonia: (a) male antenna, (b) female habitus. Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 (Hym., Cynipi- untries took this initiative as well: France from 2011-2013 dae), an Oriental pest in chestnut (Castanea spp), was detect- (Borowiec et al., 2014), Croatia and Hungary in 2014-2015 ed for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula in 2012 (Pujade- (Matoševič et al., 2015) and Slovenia in 2015 (Matošević et Villar et al., 2013). It was introduced accidentally in Europe, al., 2015). Once released this species does not only occupy via Italy in 2002, according to (Brussino et al., 2002). the area of liberation but spreads into others due to its gre- Torymus sinensis Kamijo, 1982 (Fig. 1) is a parasitoid, nati- at mobility. There have been some test-releases in Spain and ve from China, and a specific species attackingD. -
The Adaptive Radiation of Lichen-Forming Teloschistaceae Is Associated with Sunscreening Pigments and a Bark-To-Rock Substrate Shift
The adaptive radiation of lichen-forming Teloschistaceae is associated with sunscreening pigments and a bark-to-rock substrate shift Ester Gayaa,b,1, Samantha Fernández-Brimec,d, Reinaldo Vargase, Robert F. Lachlanf, Cécile Gueidang,h, Martín Ramírez-Mejíaa, and François Lutzonia aDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338; bDepartment of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom; cDepartment of Plant Biology (Botany Unit), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; dDepartment of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; eDepartamento de Biología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, 7760197, Chile; fDepartment of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom; gAustralian National Herbarium, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; and hDepartment of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom Edited by David M. Hillis, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, and approved July 15, 2015 (received for review April 10, 2015) Adaptive radiations play key roles in the generation of biodiversity A potential example of an evolutionary radiation can be found in and biological novelty, and therefore understanding the factors that a group of lichens [obligate mutualistic ectosymbioses between drive them remains one of the most important challenges of evolu- fungi and either or both green algae and cyanobacteria (photo- tionary biology. Although both intrinsic innovations and extrin- bionts) (16)]: the family Teloschistaceae. Although cosmopolitan, sic ecological opportunities contribute to diversification bursts, few this taxon is especially associated with exposed habitats, being able studies have looked at the synergistic effect of such factors. -
New Species and New Records of American Lichenicolous Fungi
DHerzogiaIEDERICH 16: New(2003): species 41–90 and new records of American lichenicolous fungi 41 New species and new records of American lichenicolous fungi Paul DIEDERICH Abstract: DIEDERICH, P. 2003. New species and new records of American lichenicolous fungi. – Herzogia 16: 41–90. A total of 153 species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from America. Five species are described as new: Abrothallus pezizicola (on Cladonia peziziformis, USA), Lichenodiplis dendrographae (on Dendrographa, USA), Muellerella lecanactidis (on Lecanactis, USA), Stigmidium pseudopeltideae (on Peltigera, Europe and USA) and Tremella lethariae (on Letharia vulpina, Canada and USA). Six new combinations are proposed: Carbonea aggregantula (= Lecidea aggregantula), Lichenodiplis fallaciosa (= Laeviomyces fallaciosus), L. lecanoricola (= Laeviomyces lecanoricola), L. opegraphae (= Laeviomyces opegraphae), L. pertusariicola (= Spilomium pertusariicola, Laeviomyces pertusariicola) and Phacopsis fusca (= Phacopsis oxyspora var. fusca). The genus Laeviomyces is considered to be a synonym of Lichenodiplis, and a key to all known species of Lichenodiplis and Minutoexcipula is given. The genus Xenonectriella is regarded as monotypic, and all species except the type are provisionally kept in Pronectria. A study of the apothecial pigments does not support the distinction of Nesolechia and Phacopsis. The following 29 species are new for America: Abrothallus suecicus, Arthonia farinacea, Arthophacopsis parmeliarum, Carbonea supersparsa, Coniambigua phaeographidis, Diplolaeviopsis -
The 2018 Classification and Checklist of Lichenicolous Fungi, with 2000 Non- Lichenized, Obligately Lichenicolous Taxa Author(S): Paul Diederich, James D
The 2018 classification and checklist of lichenicolous fungi, with 2000 non- lichenized, obligately lichenicolous taxa Author(s): Paul Diederich, James D. Lawrey and Damien Ertz Source: The Bryologist, 121(3):340-425. Published By: The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc. URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1639/0007-2745-121.3.340 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. The 2018 classification and checklist of lichenicolous fungi, with 2000 non-lichenized, obligately lichenicolous taxa Paul Diederich1,5, James D. Lawrey2 and Damien Ertz3,4 1 Musee´ national d’histoire naturelle, 25 rue Munster, L–2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; 2 Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, U.S.A.; 3 Botanic Garden Meise, Department of Research, Nieuwelaan 38, B–1860 Meise, Belgium; 4 Fed´ eration´ Wallonie-Bruxelles, Direction Gen´ erale´ de l’Enseignement non obligatoire et de la Recherche scientifique, rue A. -
Notes on Caloplaca Lucifuga (Teloschistales, Ascomycota) in Poland
ACTA MYCOLOGICA Dedicated to Professor Krystyna Czyżewska Vol. 44 (2): 239–248 in honour of 40 years of her scientific activity 2009 Notes on Caloplaca lucifuga (Teloschistales, Ascomycota) in Poland DARIUSZ KUBIAK1 and ANNA ZALEWSKA2 1 Department of Mycology, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn Oczapowskiego 1A, PL-10-957 Olsztyn, [email protected] 2 Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn Plac Łódzki 1, PL-10-727 Olsztyn, [email protected] Kubiak D., Zalewska A.: Notes on Caloplaca lucifuga (Teloschistales, Ascomycota) in Poland. Acta Mycol. 44 (2): 239–248, 2009. The current knowledge on the occurrence of Caloplaca lucifuga, a rare lichen with an inconspicuous crustose sorediate thallus, is discussed. Both previous and new localities are presented. The most important data on the ecology and general distribution of the species are given. Diagnostic characters related to the morphology, anatomy and chemistry of C. lucifuga that help to differentiate it from similar species are described. Key words: lichenized fungi, sorediate species, Caloplaca, distribution, N Poland INTRODUCTION Caloplaca lucifuga belongs to a group of crustose, sterile sorediate lichens that are relatively poorly known in Poland (Nowak, Tobolewski 1975; Śliwa, Tønsberg 1995; Śliwa 1996; Kukwa 2005a, b, 2006; Kukwa, Szymczyk 2006; Kukwa, Kubiak 2007). Despite its small-sized thallus, this very rare species has distinct, characteristic mor- phological and chemical features that help to distinguish it from other similar taxa. Its special ecological requirements also make the species noteworthy. C. lucifuga is associated with the bark of old deciduous trees, especially oaks. It seems to have potential indicator properties that may be used to identify high-biodiversity sites and forest communities of special value for protection purposes (cf. -
Photobiont Composition of Some Taxa of the Genera Micarea and Placynthiella (Lecanoromycetes, Lichenized Ascomycota) from Ukraine
Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 48: 135–148 (2011) Photobiont composition of some taxa of the genera Micarea and Placynthiella (Lecanoromycetes, lichenized Ascomycota) from Ukraine Anna Voytsekhovich, Lyudmila Dymytrova & Olga Nadyeina M. H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The photobionts of 22 specimens of Placynthiella and Micarea genera were identified. The photobionts of Pla- cynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Khodosovtsev, P. icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James, Micarea melanobola (Nyl.) Coppins and M. misella (Nyl.) Hedl. are reported for the first time. This is also the first report about Elliptochloris reniformis (Watanabe) Ettl & Gärtner, E. subsphaerica (Reisigl) Ettl & Gärtner, Interfilum spp. and Neocystis sp. as the photobionts of lichens. The mycobiont of some taxa of Micarea and Placynthiella can be associated with several algae at the same time. In this case, one is the primary photobiont (common for all lichen specimens of a certain lichen species) while the others are additional algae which vary depending on the substratum or the habitat. Elliptochloris and Pseudococcomyxa species are primary photobionts for the studied taxa of the genus Micarea. The species ofRadiococcuus and Pseudochlorella are primary photobionts of the studied species of Placynthiella. For all investigated lichens the low selectivity level of the mycobiont is assumed. Kokkuvõte: Perekondade Micarea ja Placynthiella (Lecanoromycetes, lihheniseerunud kottseened) mõnede taksonite fotobiondi liigiline koosseis Ukrainas Määrati lihheniseerunud seente Micarea ja Placynthiella 22 eksemplari fotobiondid. Liikide Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Kho- dosovtsev, P. icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James, Micarea melanobola (Nyl.) Coppins ja M. misella (Nyl.) Hedl. fotobiondid identifitseeriti esmakordselt. -
Mycobiology Research Article
Mycobiology Research Article Three New Monotypic Genera of the Caloplacoid Lichens (Teloschistaceae, Lichen-Forming Ascomycetes) 1, 2 3 3,4 3 3 Sergii Y. Kondratyuk *, Lászlo Lőkös , Jung A. Kim , Anna S. Kondratiuk , Min Hye Jeong , Seol Hwa Jang , 3 3 Soon-Ok Oh and Jae-Seoun Hur 1 M. H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, 01004 Kiev, Ukraine 2 Department of Botany, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1476 Budapest, Hungary 3 Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea 4 Institute of Biology, Scientific Educational Centre, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, 01601 Kiev, Ukraine Abstract Three monophyletic branches are strongly supported in a phylogenetic analysis of the Teloschistaceae based on combined data sets of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit nrDNA and 12S small subunit mtDNA sequences. These are described as new monotypic genera: Jasonhuria S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et S. -O. Oh, Loekoesia S. Y. Kondr., S. -O. Oh et J. -S. Hur and Olegblumia S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J. -S. Hur. Three new combinations for the type species of these genera are proposed. Keywords Caloplacoideae, Gyalolechia, Jasonhuria, Loekoesia, Olegblumia, Pyrenodesmia The taxonomy of the Teloschistaceae has developed rapidly MATERIALS AND METHODS since 2012. A large number of new genera, based on molecular phylogeny investigations, have been proposed Specimens were examined using standard microscopical [1-7]. The number of genera in the Teloschistaceae increased techniques, i.e., hand-sectioned under a Nikon SMZ-645 from 10 in Kärnefelt [8] to 29 [1] and to presently 67 [5-7, dissecting microscope (Nikon Corp., Tokyo, Japan), sections 9, 10].