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Bissea, Vol. 14, No. 2 Junio/2020 El Boletín Sobre Conservación De Bissea es un boletín arbitrado, dedicado a difundir las acciones que se realizan por la conservación de la flora cubana. Bissea honra la memoria del Prof. Dr. Johannes Bisse, fundador del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba, quien puso particular empeño en la formación de botánicos cubanos. Bissea, Vol. 14, No. 2 El Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba junio/2020 FLORIVORÍA EN THESPESIA CUBENSIS, UNA AMENAZA A SU CONSERVACIÓN Michel Faife-Cabrera & Melisa García-Méndez (Departa- Dentro de la lista de árboles endémicos de Cuba Anthonomus grandis Boheman, que ha afectado mento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, se encuentra una especie En Peligro Crítico de a T. populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa en Venezuela y Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas) extinción: Thespesia cubensis (Britton & P. Wil- Colombia, podría infestar a T. cubensis. En cayo son) J.B. Hutch. (Malvaceae). Se caracteriza por Conuco las especies T. populnea y T. cubensis alcanzar 17 m de alto y poseer troncos de hasta coexisten. Sin embargo, A. grandis ni ningún otro 80 cm de diámetro. Se ha descrito como de am- herbívoro ha sido identificado en flores de T. po- Referencias y notas plia distribución en el país, en zonas limítrofes de pulnea, mientras que T. cubensis es afectada se- manglares y bosques siempreverdes microfilos, y veramente por una larva de lepidóptero. 1. Areces, F. & Fryxell, P.A. 2007. Flora de la Repú- en bosques semideciduos, principalmente en lu- blica de Cuba - Serie A. 13:1. gares de mal drenaje, entre 0 y 700 m s. n. m. Sin La larva de lepidóptero que afecta T. cubensis ha 2. González-Oliva, L. et al. (Eds.). 2015. Bissea embargo, poco se conoce de la actual distribución sido identificada como una especie perteneciente 9(NE4): 1. de la especie, aunque se considera que su área al género Gnorimoschema. Por tanto, se requie- 3. Jesús Matos Mederos, comunicaciones perso- de ocupación ha disminuido por diversas causas re indagar en su identidad. Dicha larva produce nales. [2]. no solo la caída de los botones florales, sino que 4. Cross, W.H. et al. 1975. Environ. Entomol. 4: 19. llega a consumir prácticamente todas las estruc- Cayo Conuco, ubicado a 5 km al noroeste de turas florales dentro de los mismos. para más información: [email protected] Caibarién, Villa Clara, es una de las localidades donde se ha reportado T. cubensis, y probable- La reproducción de T. cubensis se ve, sin dudas, mente sea en la actualidad la de mayor tamaño afectada por la florivoría de esta larva. Ello reduce poblacional. En dicha localidad T. cubensis flore- la presentación floral de la especie, lo cual la hace ce durante los meses de noviembre a marzo y se menos atractiva a sus polinizadores y reduce así han observado evidencias de florivoría [3]. Debido la cantidad de frutos y semillas que puede produ- al impacto que puede producir la depredación de cir este árbol. En la actualidad, aún se observan las flores en el éxito reproductivo de las especies, algunos individuos juveniles de T. cubensis, lo el principal propósito de esta nota es informar so- cual indica que, a pesar de la florivoría, la especie bre dicho efecto y el agente que lo provoca en T. logra formar frutos y semillas. En el futuro se de- cubensis. berá controlar o mitigar los impactos de la plaga a través del uso de controladores biológicos u otras La herbivoría floral en Thespesia cubensis, en vías. Pero antes será necesaria su identificación cayo Conuco, se conoce desde hace varios años hasta el nivel específico y el estudio de su ciclo de [3]; pero no existen reportes de esta afectación vida. Todo ello resulta indispensable para el ma- en otras localidades del país. La florivoría ocurre nejo efectivo de la misma, lo cual se debe incluir en los botones florales, llegando a provocar su en el plan de manejo de la especie con vista a su aborto de manera masiva (Fig. 1). En los botones conservación. florales abortados se presentan al menos dos ori- ficios, uno de menor y otro de mayor tamaño, que Agradecimientos se corresponden con los sitios de entrada y salida A la iniciativa Planta! y a José Emilio Sánchez del agente que los causa. de Flora y Fauna Caibarién, Villa Clara. También queremos agradecer a los colegas del Centro de La florivoría se ha registrado en otras especies de Sanidad Vegetal de la provincia de Villa Clara por Fig. 1. Botones florales de Thespesia cubensis abortados. la familia y del género [4]. Estos autores postu- la identificación de la plaga en flores de T. cuben- Los orificios muestran la entrada o salida de la plaga que los lan la posibilidad de que la especie de herbívoro sis. infesta. Foto: J.E. Sánchez. LISTA FLORÍSTICA EN DOS PARCHES DE MATORRAL XEROMORFO COSTERO DE SANTA CRUZ DEL NORTE, MAYABEQUE Duniel Barrios & Luis Roberto González-Torres (Jardín La franja costera que se extiende a lo largo del Las especies de plantas en ambos parches de Botánico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana y University municipio Santa Cruz del Norte, en la provincia MXC están conformadas por 110 taxones perte- of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canadá) Mayabeque, se ha caracterizado históricamente necientes a 95 géneros y 51 familias. El porcen- por su industrialización (ej. termoeléctrica, in- taje de endemismo es del 15,4 % con 17 taxones, fraestructura petrolífera, fábrica de rones), que principalmente con una distribución centro-occi- unido a la urbanización, ganadería y en menor dental y tres especies son exclusivas del distrito medida la agricultura, han contribuido a la trans- Havanense (Tabla 1). Las principales amenazas formación sustancial del paisaje [1]. En particular en ambas áreas son la industria petrolífera, las el matorral xeromorfo costero (MXC) ha sido una plantas exóticas invasoras, los frecuentes incen- de las formaciones vegetales más afectadas en dios y el pastoreo. Ocho taxones son considera- esta franja. dos como amenazados de extinción (Tabla 1). Actualmente persisten dos áreas de MXC cerca- Agradecimientos nas al pueblo Santa Cruz del Norte (Fig. 1), una Las expediciones a ambas áreas fue posible gra- se ubica a 6 km al oeste, en el km 43 de la Vía cias al apoyo del Jardín Botánico Nacional, la Blanca (Fig. 2), el cual abarca unas tres hectáreas Sociedad Cubana de Botánica, Planta!, Whitley esparcidas en farallones rocosos [1]. La otra área Fund for Nature, MBZ Species Conservation Fund es conocida como Punta Rotilla y se ubica a 1,5 y la British Cactus and Succulent Society. km al este de Santa Cruz del Norte y comprende también alrededor de 3 hectáreas de MXC. En la Referencias y notas presente nota se reportan las especies registra- das en 7 expediciones al km 43 de la Vía Blanca 1. Acuña, J.M. & Barrios, D. 2017. Bissea 11(2): 2. entre 2011-2019 y una expedición a Punta Rotilla en el 2011. Además se comentan sus principales Para más información: [email protected] amenazas. Fig. 1. Mapa de la franja costera de Santa Cruz del Norte, con la ubicación del km 43 de la Vía Blanca (1) y Punta Rotilla (2). EDITORES: Duniel Barrios & Ernesto Testé CONSEJO EDITORIAL: Alejandro Palmarola, José A. García-Beltrán, Luis R. González-Torres, Eldis R. Bécquer, Rosa Rankin. Versión impresa: ISSN 1998-4189 DISEÑO: Alejandro Palmarola Versión digital: ISSN 1998-4197 Bissea, Vol. 14, No. 2 - junio/2020 El Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba 2 LISTA FLORÍSTICA EN DOS PARCHES DE MATORRAL XEROMORFO COSTERO DE SANTA CRUZ DEL NORTE, MAYABEQUE Tabla 1. Lista florística en dos parches de matorral xeromorfo costero de Santa Cruz del Norte, Mayabeque. [1] km 43 de la Vía Blanca y [2] Punta Rotilla, [E] Endémico, [A] Amenazado, [CR] En Peligro Crítico, [EN] En Peligro, [VU] Vulnerable, [NT] Casi Amenazado, [EEI] Especie exótica invasora.* Especies exclusivas del distrito Havanense. Taxones Taxones Taxones Amaranthaceae Leptocereus nudiflorus (Engelm. ex C. Wright) D. Caesalpinia vesicaria L. [LC] [2] Barrios & S. Arias [E] [CR] [1] Achyranthes aspera L. [EEI] [1] Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. [1-2] Anacardiaceae Leptocereus wrightii León [E] [CR] [1]* Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. [EEI] [1] Comocladia dentata Jacq. [LC] [2] Mammillaria prolifera (Mill.) Haw. subsp. prolifera Gesneriaceae [CR] [1] Comocladia platyphylla A. Rich. ex Griseb. [E] [LC] Rhytidophyllum crenulatum DC. [E] [A] [1]* [1] Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britton & Rose subsp. grandiflorus [LC] [1] Lamiaceae Apocynaceae Pilosocereus robinii (Lem.) Byles & G. D. Rowley [EN] Pseudocarpidium wrightii Millsp. [1] Echites umbellatus Jacq. subsp. umbellatus [1-2] [1-2] Volkameria aculeata L. [1] Plumeria emarginata Griseb. [1-2] Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. [LC] [1-2] Malpighiaceae Rauvolfia nitida Jacq. [2] Capparaceae Bunchosia emarginata Regel [E] [1] Aristolochiaceae Capparis flexuosa (L.) L. [LC] [1] Stigmaphyllon sagranum A. Juss. [LC] [1-2] Aristolochia oblongata Jacq. subsp. oblongata [EN] Capparis cynophallophora L. [LC] [2] [1] Meliaceae Celastraceae Trichilia hirta L. [LC] [1] Asparagaceae Cuervea integrifolia (A. Rich.) A. C. Sm. [E] [1-2] Menispermaceae Agave fourcroydes Lem. [EEI] [1] Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. buxifolia Hyperbaena cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. [E] [DD] [1] Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce [EEI] [1] [1-2] Moraceae Asteraceae Schaefferia frutescens Jacq. [2] Ficus sp. 1 [1-2] Anastraphia ilicifolia D. Don [E] [NT] [1-2]* Combretaceae Ficus sp. 2 [1] Bidens alba (L.) DC. [LC] [1] Conocarpus erectus L. [2] Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. [LC] [1] Borrichia arborescens (L.) DC. [LC] [1] Commelinaceae Myrtaceae Mikania sp. [1-2] Commelina erecta L. [1] Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd. [LC] [1-2] Bignoniaceae Convolvulaceae Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC. [1-2] Amphilophium gnaphalanthum (A.
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