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Wildflowers and Weeds of the Mount Timpanogos Wilderness

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WildflowersWildflowers andand WeedsWeeds ofof thethe MountMount TimpanogosTimpanogos WildernessWilderness The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orienta- tion, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audio tape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence USDA Forest Service Utah Native Uinta Visitor Avenue SW, Washington D.C., 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an Equal Opportunity provider and Intermountain Region Plant Society Information employer. Uinta National Forest Association 23.256.418.04/02 Introduction elcome to the Mount Timpanogos Wilderness! This unique land is protected to maintain its integrity and natural beauty. Many attractions like wildlife, Wlakes, waterfalls, and wildflowers attract visitors. While hiking the Mount Timpanogos and Timpooneke trails, you will experience spectacular vistas and the incredible beauty of high alpine meadows. As you walk along the trail, you will also see changes in vegetation. Aspen, Doug- las fir and Subalpine fir forests are established below the timberline, which transition to alpine meadows at about 8,000 feet elevation. Aspen stands, which are found at lower elevations, provide excellent habitat for grasses and wildflowers. Some flowers to look for in aspen stands are columbines, bluebells, arnicas, larkspurs, and geraniums. Douglas fir/subalpine fir stands usually occupy steep north facing slopes, with Douglas firs established at the lower end of these conifer forests. Common wildflowers in and around these forests are columbines, Indian paint- brushes, yarrows, leafy Jacobs’ ladder, and sulfur buck- wheat. Alpine ecosystems have high watershed and scenic values; they are fragile and recover slowly from distur- bances. Many rare and endemic plants are also found in this landscape. The best places to see wildflowers are Timpanogos Basin and Hidden Lakes. During late summer these mead- ows explode with a profusion of colorful wildflowers. Among them are bluebells, Indian paintbrushes, larkspurs, lupines, yarrows, and sulfur buckwheats. Mid-July through mid-September is excellent time for viewing wildflowers. There are countless wildflowers in the Mount Tim- panogos Wilderness. Use this brochure to identify the most abundant and commonly seen on the Mount Timpano- gos and Timpooneke trails, and throughout the wilderness area. Other plants found at the base of the wilderness and along the trails are actually weeds. These unwanted weeds are entering the wilderness by humans and domes- tic animals. In this brochure, you will find information on some of the most common ones found in the area and tips to prevent their dispersal. Wavy-leaf Indian paintbrush, Castilleja applegatei, grows in dry mountain ridges, unstable rocky slopes, alpine Common Wildflowers of meadows, and conifer forests. Timpanogos Wilderness The inflorescence Mountain columbine, (cluster of flowers) Aquilegia caerulea, grows is a dense spike of in aspen, Douglas fir-white vivid, scarlet, leafy fir and spruce forests. This bracts. These showy beautiful flower has pale bracts hide small to purplish blue sepals tubular flowers. April Sorensen and blue to white petals Leaves are alternate, wavy-margined, and covered with that extend backwards sticky hairs. The upper leaves have lateral lobes. into eagle talon-like spurs. Leaves are compound with 3 lacy-lobed leaflets. Royal Indian paintbrush, Castilleja rhexifolia, is found in April Sorensen alpine/subalpine meadows, slopes and open aspen-coni- Yellow columbine, Aquile- fer forests, growing in moist gia flavescens, grows in moist or shady areas. Flowers are areas or riparian sites in arranged in a spike with aspen, Douglas fir-white fir vibrant purple to crimson and spruce forests. Flowers leafy bracts and inconspicu- of yellow columbine are sim- ous flowers. Leaves are broad ilar to mountain columbine, to lance-shaped with entire but smaller. Its eagle talon- margins (see drawing); hairy like spurs are also smaller. but without sticky hairs. Leaves are compound with 3 lacy-lobed leaflets. Alpine Wildflowers, D. Strickler D. Alpine Wildflowers, Pale yellow Indian paintbrush, Castilleja rhexifolia var. sulphurea, grows in alpine/subalpine meadows, slopes, and in openings of aspen-conifer forests. Leaves are Mountain bluebell, lance-shape, sometimes lobed. This, as well as other Mertensia ciliata, grows paintbrushes, is a partial parasite along alpine/subalpine of sage- streams, where they form brush and large, dense colonies with grasses, thousands of drooping attaching to bells. Flower color varies their roots to from a light blue to purple obtain water or very light pink depend- and nutrients. ing on how long the flowers Hence they have been opened. Many are difficult animals enjoy the lance- to cultivate. April Sorensen shape leaves and succulent April Sorensen stems. Milfoil yarrow, Achillea millefo- Seep-spring arnica, Arnica longifolia, grows in unstable lium, is found in aspen, spruce-fir, rocky slopes and streambanks in aspen and conifer for- and alpine tundra communi- ests. This plant has 1 ties. Flower heads are in a flat to 9 beautiful bright branching cluster with numerous yellow sunflowers per small and whitish flowers. Leaves stem, and around are alternate, finely divided 8-13 petals (ray (fern-like) and covered with flower) per flower woolly hairs. head. The lower leaves are opposite and lance-shape, covered with short soft hairs. It is a common associate to Tall larkspur, lupines, blue bells and paintbrushes. Delphinium occiden- April Sorensen tale, grows in alpine meadows, aspen Sulfur buckwheat, Eriogonum umbellatum, grows in vari- stands, conifer forests, ous habitats, open rocky slopes, sagebrush, and subalpine and moist sites. Its conifer forests openings. There are several varieties but intense blue-purple typical characteristics flowers are arranged are the rosette-like alternately along the basal leaves and upper stem. The upper minute yellow flowers sepal of the flower arranged in an umbel extends back and inflorescence (see upward into a long, tubu- drawing). Another lar spur. The stems are typical feature of this hollow and the leaves are plant is the numerous palmate (arranged like the fingers on a hand) with lobed small leaves growing close to the ground forming a mat. or divided blades. The flowering stalks can reach 10 to 14 inches high. Lupine, Lupinus argenteus, grows in dense colorful clumps American bistort, Polygo- in the Timpanogos basin, mainly in alpine meadows. This num bistortoides, grows in plant is an subalpine meadows, moist associate to areas, and streambanks. mountain blue- The spike inflorescence is a bell and Indian dense cluster of small white paintbrush. flowers with long stamens. Flowers are Other characteristics are R. Shaw Utah Wildflowers, blue to purple the lance-shape basal and pea-like leaves and erect flowering shape. Fruit is stems that reach up to 20 a hairy pod. inches high. The root is thick, Each leaf has twisted, and snakelike and April Sorensen 6-9 leaflets radiating from a common point (palmately has been used by Native compound). Americans in soups and stews. Sticky geranium, Geranium viscosissimum, grows in open conifer and aspen forests, sagebrush, and meadows. Its 5-petaled flowers are pink to Tips for lavender. The purplish lines found on petals help insects find the Wildflower Viewing nectar at the base of the flower. Richardson’s geranium, Geranium Plants need their flowers to produce seeds. Pick- Utah Wildflowers, R. Shaw richardsonii, is also ing wildflowers can affect the abundance of very similar, but with native plants in the meadows. white flowers and reddish lines. Enjoy wildflowers and leave them for someone else to enjoy! Respect their natural environment. Staying on Wasatch beardtongue, trails will minimize disturbance to wildflowers. Penstemon cyananthus, grows in open areas along the Admire wildflowers. Take their beauty home in Timpooneke trail. Its intense a photograph, a drawing and in your memories! and bright blue flowers are tubular and bellied below to Many wildflowers do not survive outside their favor bumblebee pollination. natural environment. Please help us protect This flower has 5 stamens, 4 them by leaving them untouched. fertile and 1 infertile. The infertile stamen is flattened, tongue-like and bearded with golden hairs, leaves are April Sorensen opposite. Tips to Prevent Spreading Weeds Leafy Jacobs Ladder, Polemonium foliosissimum, is common along streams April Sorensen Staying on trails will help prevent seeds from and high meadows. Flowers are attaching to clothes and pets – lessening their arranged in a raceme inflorescence (see drawing). The spread into the wilderness and wildflower bell-shaped flowers have white to blue lobes and large basins. anthers with conspicuous bright yellow pollen. Leaves are light Using weed free-hay will reduce weeds from green, divided to spreading to the wilderness. pinnately compound. Soft and sticky hairs Not all beautiful flowers are wildflowers; in are found on stems, R. Shaw Utah Wildflowers, fact some are invasive weeds! leaves and sepals. Picking and transporting wildflowers
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