Un “Central Park” Au Cœur De L'europe La Restauration Du Parc Du

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Un “Central Park” Au Cœur De L'europe La Restauration Du Parc Du Un “Central Park” au cœur de l’Europe La restauration du Parc du Cinquantenaire Colophon Sabine Cartuyvels, historienne de l’Art des Jardins Centre Agronomique de Recherches Appliquées de la Province de Hainaut (C.A.R.A.H.), Jean-Philippe Bauvin Un "Central Park" au cœur de l’Europe. Centre de Recherche Urbaine - Institut de Sociologie de l'ULB (Université Libre de Bruxelles), Marisa La restauration du Parc du Cinquantenaire. Liebaut et Françoise Noël Espaces Mobilités, Alix Van Cauwenberghe Cette publication est également disponible en néerlandais sous le titre ‘Een “Central Park” in het hart Fondu Landscape Architects, Els Claes et Benoît Fondu van Europa. De restauratie van het Jubelpark.’ Institut Bruxellois pour la Gestion de l’Environnement, Machteld Gryseels, Serge Juwet, Serge Kempeneers, Erik Vandevelde Une publication de la Fondation Roi Baudouin, rue Brederode 21 à 1000 Bruxelles. Q-Park Belgium Holding, Kristof Voeten Roland Berger Strategy Consultants, Didier Tshidimba et Edward Verté Rédaction finale S Design, François-Joseph de Lantsheere Xavier Flament, journaliste Tensen et Huon, Christian Fuchs et Stéphane Tensen Paul Geerts, journaliste Graphisme Contributions rédactionnelles Casier/Fieuws Isabelle Corten Marie-Françoise Degembe Impression Benoît Fondu Weissenbruch Eric Hennaut Serge Kempeneers Coordination technique Isabelle Corten, urbaniste et architecte Traduction Paul Geerts, journaliste Illustrations En couverture et p.30 : photo aérienne du parc, 2004, IR Eurosens Correcteurs p. 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 16, 25 et 26 : photos de Christine Bastin et Jacques Evrard Ivo Adriaenssens p. 8 à gauche : plan général de l'Exposition Universelle de Bruxelles, 1888, Editeur C.H. Bertels, Anne Bruwier Bruxelles, AAM p. 8 à droite : photographie aérienne de 1919, A.V.B, f 2038 Coordination pour la Fondation Roi Baudouin p. 13 et 14 : plans de Fondu Landscape Architects Marie-Laure Roggemans, conseillère de programme p. 18 : photos de l'Association momentanée Statua-Corten Rik Vanmolkot, chargé de mission p. 21 et 23 : photos d'Isabelle Corten Kathleen Van Ginderdeuren, assistante Sonja De Koninck, assistante Cette publication peut être téléchargée gratuitement sur notre site www.kbs-frb.be. Avec la collaboration de Cette publication peut être commandée gratuitement sur notre site www.kbs-frb.be, par e-mail à l’adresse Arbo.Cura. Boomverzorging, Sim Van Erwegen et Serge Verlinden [email protected] ou auprès de notre centre de contact, tél. +32-70-233 728, fax +32-70-233 727. Archives d’Architecture Moderne, Eric Hennaut et Pierrette Pasteels Association momentanée Statua sprl - Corten, Sylvie Boas et Isabelle Corten Dépôt legal: D/2005/2848/19 Bureau Isabelle Corten Urbanisme et Architecture (ICUA) ISBN: 2-87212-471-3 Septembre 2005 Sommaire Introduction 3 I. Un projet collectif .............................................................5 Un “Central Park” dans le coeur de Bruxelles et de l’Europe. C’est La restauration du parc s’inscrit dans les efforts pour augmenter la ce que doit devenir le Parc du Cinquantenaire dans les prochaines qualité des espaces publics et de l’architecture des bâtiments II. Le complexe du Cinquantenaire et ses fonctions.........9 années, une fois restauré et son ancienne gloire reconquise. dans le quartier européen. La Fondation Roi Baudouin et les pou- voirs publics ont la volonté de donner au Parc du Cinquantenaire III. Le schéma directeur de la restauration du parc .........12 Le Parc du Cinquantenaire, qui a été aménagé à la fin du 19ième siè- une place importante dans le redéveloppement du quartier euro- cle sous l’impulsion de Léopold II à l’occassion du 50ième anniver- péen. Ils invitent tous les acteurs publics et privés à réfléchir IV. Les principaux travaux et les six phases de restauration.14 saire de la Belgique est, à beaucoup de points de vue, unique : ensemble à la création d’un axe culturel, d’une promenade urbaine il l’est par son implantation stratégique dans le prolongement de la liant le Parc Léopold, le Parc du Cinquantenaire et le rond-point V. Le cahier des charges de base pour la restauration ..16 rue de la Loi et de l’avenue de Tervueren, au cœur du quartier euro- Schuman. péen ; par son extraordinaire qualité architecturale qui en fait un VI. Une double mission d’auteurs de projet ......................16 exemple du style Beaux-Arts fort apprécié à la fin du 19ième siècle ; par la présence de bâtiments monumentaux qui abritent des insti- VII. Les travaux d’urgence....................................................17 tutions culturelles avec un rayonnement métropolitain ; par l’attrac- tivité qu’il offre aux promeneurs et aux amateurs de sports et de VIII. Un Parc du Cinquantenaire lumineux...........................20 jeux et enfin, par ses potentialités d’accueil de grands événements. IX. La charte d’aménagement des abords.........................22 Depuis les années 1980, le parc a perdu sa splendeur. La Fondation Roi Baudouin a pris l’initiative, en étroite collaboration avec les pou- X. Le parc au quotidien.......................................................24 voirs publics concernés, de lancer un vaste projet de restauration du parc. L’objectif est de retrouver la géométrie originelle du parc XI. Au cœur du quartier européen ......................................26 avec ses perspectives grandioses et ses alignements d’arbres et de restituer la relation qu’il entretenait avec les bâtiments. Toutes les fonctions actuelles seront préservées dans le respect du contexte historique et de la nature en ville. Le parc redeviendra ainsi un joyau de l’architecture des jardins et des paysages au centre de Bruxelles et en même temps un élément incontournable du maillage vert de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. I. Un projet collectif 5 Depuis 2001, la Fondation Roi Baudouin développe une dynami- Autoworld. Le site abrite aussi l’Institut royal du Patrimoine Artistique Action ! que qui doit aboutir à la restauration en profondeur du Parc du et le Centre Islamique et Culturel de Belgique. Cette diversité fait de Cinquantenaire et à sa réintégration dans un quartier européen en ce lieu un ensemble original. C’est un pôle d’attraction multiple tant Dans le cadre de ce partenariat avec les pouvoirs publics fédé- pleine mutation. Ce projet ambitieux s’échelonnera sur sept à dix pour la population locale que pour ses nombreux visiteurs. raux, régionaux et locaux, la Fondation Roi Baudouin a dirigé et ans. Il a été élaboré en étroite collaboration avec l’ensemble des coordonné un certain nombre d’initiatives. Elles sont détaillées pouvoirs publics concernés : le Service Public Fédéral en charge Avec le temps, le parc a cependant pris un coup de vieux, comme dans les chapitres suivants. des accords de coopération entre l’Etat fédéral et la Région de nous le voyons d’emblée à l’état des plantations. Celles-ci sont Bruxelles-Capitale (Beliris pour Bruxelles), la Régie des Bâtiments, d’âges très différents et le volume des arbres pose aujourd’hui L’ensemble de ces actions sont bien entendu liées les unes aux l’Institut Bruxellois pour la Gestion de l’Environnement, le Ministère d’importants problèmes esthétiques et techniques. L’architecture autres, mais leur exécution ne pourra être conjointe vu la multipli- de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale (en particulier, la Direction des végétale destinée à souligner et à renforcer les lignes de force du cité des acteurs concernés, l’éparpillement des compétences et Monuments et Sites, la Direction de l’Urbanisme et l’Administration site n’existe plus. L’état phytosanitaire des arbres est très moyen. l’ampleur des budgets nécessaires. de l’Equipement et des Déplacements), la Commission royale des Des sols en mauvais état, considérablement appauvris et sans Monuments et des Sites, la STIB, la Ville de Bruxelles et la com- homogénéité contribuent encore à la dégradation du parc. L’esprit de la méthode mune d’Etterbeek. Le parc n’est pas seulement ridé, il a été balafré par la construction, Consciente de ces difficultés, la Fondation Roi Baudouin a réuni au Un fleuron dégradé en son centre, de la trémie du tunnel de liaison autoroutier entre sein d’un Comité technique les administrations et les cabinets l’avenue de Tervueren et la rue de la Loi (1965-1974), par le mor- politiques directement concernés.1 Ceux-ci ont adopté une Propriété de l’Etat fédéral, l’ensemble du Cinquantenaire (parc, cellement progressif de son utilisation et par une pression grandis- méthodologie qui assure la cohérence du projet sur le long terme. esplanade, bâtiments) est un site de 34 ha. Il est classé depuis sante d’événements publics et privés. Cette méthodologie a consisté pour l’essentiel en : 1976 et fait partie du quartier européen. La Régie des Bâtiments en assume la responsabilité administrative (parc et bâtiments) et a L’identité exceptionnelle de départ en est ressortie considérablement 1. la meilleure connaissance possible du site. Deux années ont confié la gestion quotidienne du parc à l’Institut Bruxellois pour la amoindrie et l’axe central entre la rue de la Loi et l’avenue de Tervueren été nécessaires à l’élaboration d’études préliminaires.I Ce processus Gestion de l’Environnement (IBGE). qui déterminait l’ensemble de son tracé a pratiquement disparu. Le parc est entouré de voies de circulation trop larges et trop denses. On 1 Il s’agit du Service Public Fédéral gérant les accords de coopération entre l’Etat fédéral et la C’est à la fois un parc et un site historique culturel majeur, composé y stationne en masse. Quant à l’une de ses entrées principales (côté Région de Bruxelles-Capitale dénommé Beliris pour Bruxelles, de la Régie des Bâtiments, de l’Institut Bruxellois pour la Gestion de l’Environnement, de la Commission royale des Monuments de nombreux musées de première importance – les Musées royaux rond-point Schuman), elle a été oblitérée par la présence des deux et des Sites, de la Direction des Monuments et Sites et de la Direction de l’Urbanisme toutes d’Art et d’Histoire, le Musée royal de l’Armée et d’Histoire militaire, trémies des tunnels de l’avenue de la Joyeuse Entrée.
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