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ABSTRACT BOOK March 27-30, 2018 Corpus Christi, TX

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ABSTRACT BOOK March 27-30, 2018 Corpus Christi, TX 47TH Annual Benthic Ecology Meeting ABSTRACT BOOK March 27-30, 2018 Corpus Christi, TX Hosted by: Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi ABSTRACTS Nonnative doesn’t always mean negative: effects of Eurasian watermilfoil on nursery habitat quality for estuarine nekton in Louisiana Alford, S. B.*,1,2; Rozas, L. P.3 1School of Forest Resources and Conservation and UF/IFAS Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida 2Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette 3NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (retired) Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) provides critical habitat for estuarine nekton in the Gulf of Mexico, but habitat quality of SAV beds may change when nonnative species, such as Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), become established. We compared the habitat value of M. spicatum with another common native SAV (Ruppia maritima) by using field collections to document shifts in nekton community structure and a field experiment to compare growth rates of commercially-important juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus). Similar communities were collected from both SAV species. The habitat quality provided by M. spicatum for white shrimp appeared to meet or exceed that of R. maritima, with densities and growth rates of shrimp in M. spicatum (2.2 ± 0.47 m-2, 1.0 ± 0.07 mm TL d-1, 28.2 ± 2.83 mg d-1) higher than in Ruppia (1.0 ± 0.36 m-2, 0.6 ± 0.09 mm TL d-1, 14.1 ± 2.51 mg d-1). Though differences were detected between SAV species, other factors, such as hypoxia and interspecific competition, may have contributed to differences in shrimp densities and growth. This study indicates that nonnative habitat-forming species can provide productive alternatives to native habitat and, contrary to paradigm, may not always have negative impacts in the invaded ecosystem. Presenting author contact info: [email protected] Microgeographic adaptations and acclimation in shell morphology of a Hawaiian limpet Allende, M. A.*; Gurski, L. M.; Hamilton, A.; Hamner, R. M.; Selwyn, J. D.; Bird, C. E. 1 Department of Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Hawaiian limpets (Cellana exarata) inhabiting sun-exposed rocks experience higher temperatures and greater desiccation risk when compared to those in shaded crevices. Shell dimensions that minimize the surface to volume ratio confer the greatest resistance to these stressors. It is expected that through either acclimation or adaptation, shell shapes will differ between these microhabitats due to differential selective pressures. We compared the shell morphology of C. exarata collected from sun-exposed and protected areas on three islands (the Big Island of Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, and Kaua‘i) and concluded that there was not parallel morphological differentiation between microhabitats across islands. However, there was morphological differentiation among islands and between microhabitats on Kaua‘i. Shells on exposed rocks on Kaua‘i had a lower ratio of surface area to volume than the other limpets sampled and were more likely to be a light color. Genetic analyses with SNPs indicate that there is significant genetic structure between the microhabitats on Kaua‘i, suggesting that selection and adaptation are involved in maintaining the morphological differences. This was particularly surprising because despite extensive population genetic studies with allozymes, mtDNA, and microsatellites, this genetic structure had not been previously detected, and suggests the presence of a newly discovered lineage. Presenting author contact info: [email protected] 2 Environmentally-friendly alternatives to bulkheads for resilient and healthy shorelines: evaluation and implementation of two living shoreline designs Amato, J.*,1,2; Cebrian, J.1,2; Goff, J.1,2 1Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama 2The Dauphin Island Sea Lab Living shorelines are a soft-armoring technique used to prevent erosion and provide ecosystem services to coastal regions. However, in areas like Mobile Bay, bulkheads are the most common solution to deteriorating shorelines. These solid vertical walls tend to increase erosion on either side and behind them by reflecting wave energy instead of absorbing it. The goal of this project is to determine the effectiveness of a new living shoreline design in which gabion baskets are attached to bulkheads and then planted in. This will be compared to the success of bulkheads alone, as well as the traditional planted living shoreline used on eroding beaches, in providing protection and ecosystem services to the surrounding environment. Effectiveness will be determined by marsh plant cover, shoreline stabilization, sediment accretion, and creation of habitat. This project is still in its beginning stages of conducting baseline measurements. However, a trial shoreline built to corroborate this experiment suggests that the living shoreline attached to a bulkhead can help reduce erosion and creates a habitat similar to that of a traditional living shoreline. This study will create a new direction for researchers and stakeholders who wish to limit anthropogenic impacts in a world that is already armored. Presenting author contact info: [email protected] Defining the biogeographic assemblage regions of reef fish along the Florida Reef Tract Ames, C. A.*,1; Smith, S. G.2; Walker, B. K.1; Kerstetter, D. W.1 1 Halmos College of Natural Science and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University 2 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami Understanding the biogeography of reef fish assemblages is paramount to reef conservation, management, and conducting appropriate population survey designs. Reef fish assemblages are a multispecies complex of reef-associated fish shaped by multiple environmental and biological factors (e.g. temperature, depth, benthic habitat, and topographic relief). The Florida Reef Tract (FRT) extends for 595 km from the Dry Tortugas in the south-west to Martin County in the north, crossing a sub-tropical to temperate climate transition. This study investigates the biogeography of reef fish assemblages throughout the FRT to determine if they correspond to previous regional delineations based on coastal geomorphology. Multivariate density analyses of depth, benthic habitat, relief and latitudinal region show four main ecoregions: Dry Tortugas (DT), Florida Keys (FK), Southeast mainland (SE), and Bahamas Fracture Zone (BF). These four ecoregions subsequently split into sixteen assemblages that represent the current composition of reef fish based on the four factors. The final reef fish assemblage regions were associated with previous benthic habitat maps in order to view their spatial extent. Having a map of current biogeographic reef fish assemblages serves as a baseline and allows more accurate management and monitoring of future reef fish populations. Presenting author contact info: [email protected], [email protected] 3 Shoreline erosion and plant damage within the mangrove-marsh ecotone following Hurricane Harvey Armitage, A. R.*,1; Weaver, C. A.2; Kominoski, J. S.3; Pennings, S. C.4 1 Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston 2 Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University 4 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston The capacity of coastal wetlands to stabilize shorelines and reduce erosion is a critical ecosystem service. Gulf of Mexico coastal wetlands are transitional from marshes – dominated by low-stature grasses and forbs – to mangroves. Does the taller, woody mangrove vegetation provide better shoreline protection than salt marsh vegetation during major storm events? Hurricane Harvey provided a unique opportunity to address this question. Harvey came ashore near Port Aransas, Texas as a Category 4 storm in August 2017, passing directly over a mangrove removal experiment that we had initiated in 2012. The experiment consists of ten large (1008 m2) plots ranging from 0-100% mangrove cover, allowing a direct comparison of shoreline protection provided by mangrove and marsh vegetation during the hurricane event. Mangrove cover decreased by 25-40% after the storm, regardless of initial cover, whereas marsh plants were relatively resistant to hurricane effects. Plots with >33% mangrove cover had less shoreline erosion, but accretion was higher within patches of marsh vegetation. Mangrove cover did not affect the amount of debris deposited in the study area. In general, mangroves reduced shoreline erosion, but were also more damaged by wind and surge, which may reduce their shoreline protection capacity on a longer time scale. Presenting author contact info: [email protected] Nocturnal homing in habitat-specialized reef shrimp – a function of morphological and chemical cues Ashur, M.*; Dixson, D. University of Delaware, Lewes, DE. Habitat selection is a critical process for animals throughout their life. Adult organisms that travel to forage or mate must re-select habitat frequently, and this movement can impact material transport, nutrient fluxes, and ecosystem dynamics. On coral reefs, competition for space has led to a high proportion of habitat specialists. Habitat selection is especially vital for organisms that require specialized habitat; however research investigating specialized habitat selection has primarily focused on the initial choice made during the juvenile stage. This study assesses
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