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Assessment of Data for Use in the Development of Nutrient Criteria for Massachusetts Rivers and Streams

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Assessment of Data for Use in the Development of Nutrient Criteria for Massachusetts Rivers and Streams Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Watershed Management Assessment of Data for Use in the Development of Nutrient Criteria for Massachusetts Rivers and Streams Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5022 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Assessment of Data for Use in the Development of Nutrient Criteria for Massachusetts Rivers and Streams By Marc J. Zimmerman and Kimberly W. Campo Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Watershed Management Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5022 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS--the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Zimmerman, M.J., and Campo, K.W., 2007, Assessment of data for use in the development of nutrient criteria for Massachusetts rivers and streams: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5022, 44 p. For more information, contact: U.S. Geological Survey Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center 10 Bearfoot Road Northborough, MA 01752 (508) 490-5000 http://ma.water.usgs.gov iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2 Sampling Sites and Categories ...................................................................................................................2 Sampling-Site Selection ......................................................................................................................4 Sampling-Site Categories ....................................................................................................................4 Sample Collection and Water-Quality Analyses .......................................................................................5 Assessment of Data.......................................................................................................................................8 Characterization of Water-Quality Data ............................................................................................8 Nutrients and Turbidity ..............................................................................................................14 Color….........................................................................................................................................20 Field Parameters ........................................................................................................................20 Chlorophyll a Concentrations and Plant Densities ...............................................................20 Categorical Descriptions of Data .....................................................................................................20 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Nutrient Ecoregions .............................................20 Drainage-Basin Size ..................................................................................................................20 Massachusetts Nutrient Ecoregions ......................................................................................21 Effects of Dischargers on Water Quality ..............................................................................21 Canopy Openness ......................................................................................................................21 Relations Among Categorical Data ........................................................................................23 Correlations among Water-Quality Variables ................................................................................23 Relations among Chlorophyll a, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Canopy Openness .....................24 Stream-Velocity Effects .....................................................................................................................24 Effect of Antecedent Flows ......................................................................................................24 Effect of Slope ............................................................................................................................26 Summary and Conclusions .........................................................................................................................27 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................28 References Cited................................................................................................................................... 28–29 Figures 1. Map of Massachusetts showing sampling sites, presence of upstream National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitted dischargers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ecoregions, and Massachusetts nutrient ecoregions .........................3 2–17. Graphs showing— 2. Distribution of median (A) total phosphorus, (B) total nitrogen, (C) total dissolved nitrogen, and (D) chlorophyll a concentrations at all sampling sites by year in Massachusetts ............................................................................................................................10 3. Distribution of median (A) total phosphorus, (B) total nitrogen, (C) total dissolved nitrogen, and (D) chlorophyll a concentrations at 12 sampling sites by year in Massachusetts ............................................................................................................................11 4. Distribution of median (A) total phosphorus, (B) total nitrogen, (C) total dissolved nitrogen, and (D) chlorophyll a concentrations at all sampling sites by ecoregion in Massachusetts ............................................................................................................................15 iv 5. Distribution of median (A) total phosphorus, (B) total nitrogen, (C) total dissolved nitrogen, and (D) chlorophyll a concentrations at all sampling sites by Massachusetts nutrient ecoregion ....................................................................................16 6. Distribution of median (A) total phosphorus, (B) total nitrogen, (C) total dissolved nitrogen, and (D) chlorophyll a concentrations at all sampling sites by drainage-basin-size class in Massachusetts ...................................................................22 7. Distribution of median (A) total phosphorus, (B) total nitrogen, (C) total dissolved nitrogen, and (D) chlorophyll a concentrations at all sampling sites by National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System discharger category in Massachusetts ..........30 8. Distribution of median periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations at (A) closed- and (B) open-canopy sampling sites by Massachusetts nutrient ecoregion ...................31 9. Distribution of median periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations at (A) closed- and (B) open-canopy sampling sites for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ecoregions VIII and XIV in Massachusetts ............................................................................32 10. Distribution of median periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations at (A) closed- and (B) open-canopy sampling sites by drainage-basin-size class in Massachusetts .........33 11. Distribution of median periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations at (A) closed- and (B) open-canopy sampling sites by National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System discharger category in Massachusetts ....................................................................34 12. Density of (A) filamentous periphyton, (B) periphyton film, (C) aquatic plants, (D) aquatic moss, and (E) periphyton floc as a function of median total phosphorus concentrations and the percentage of canopy openness at all sampling sites ..............35 13. Density of (A) filamentous periphyton, (B) periphyton film, (C) aquatic plants, (D) aquatic moss, and (E) periphyton floc as a function of median total nitrogen concentrations and the percentage of canopy openness at all sampling sites ..............36 14. Median (A) total phosphorus and (B) total nitrogen concentrations as a function of median chlorophyll a concentrations by Massachusetts nutrient ecoregion and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System discharger category .................... 37–38 15. Median (A, B) total phosphorus and (C, D) total nitrogen concentrations as a function of median chlorophyll a concentrations at (A, C) closed- and (B, D) open-canopy sites by Massachusetts nutrient ecoregion and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System discharger category ....................................................
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