DOCSLIB.ORG

Amelanchier Lamarckii Schröder Taxonomy -Nomenclature Is Confusing: in USA Amelanchier Arborea Is the Accepted Name

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Amelanchier Lamarckii Schröder Taxonomy -Nomenclature Is Confusing: in USA Amelanchier Arborea Is the Accepted Name Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Tree factsheet images at pages 3, 4 Amelanchier lamarckii Schröder taxonomy -nomenclature is confusing: in USA Amelanchier arborea is the accepted name. -some botanists consider A. lamarckii to be a natural hybrid between A. canadensis and A. laevis . author, year Schröder … synonym Amelanchier arborea, Amelanchier laevis Family Rosaceae Eng. Name Downy Service berry, Service berry, June berry Dutch name (Amerikaans) Krentenboompje, Drents Krentenboompje subspecies varieties hybrids A. lamarckii is probably a natural hybrid cultivars, frequently used Amelanchier laevis ‘Ballerina’ as a small street tree Amelanchier arborea ‘Robin Hill’ as a small street tree references PFAF database http://www.pfaf.org/index.html morphology crown habit bush or small tree, oval to round max. height (m) 6-9 max. dbh (cm) 40 leaf length (cm) 5-7 leaf petiole (cm) 1,5-2 leaf colour upper surface green leaf colour under surface bluish-green leaves arrangement alternate flowering April flowering plant monoecious flower monosexual flower diameter (cm) 18-28 pollination insects fruit; length berry; 1-1,5 cm fruit petiole (cm) 1 seed; length seed; approx. 0,1 cm seed-wing length (cm) - weight 1000 seeds (g) 3,3 – 3,6 seeds ripen June seed dispersal birds; thrush, blackbird, wood-pigeon habitat natural distribution N.-America in N.W. Europe since 1781 - Germany natural areas The Netherlands - geological landscape types The Netherlands Till plateau, ice-pushed ridges, coversand area (Hoek 1997) forested areas The Netherlands sandy soils area Netherlands not a forest canopy tree % of forest trees in the Netherlands - soil type indifferent pH-KCl indifferent soil fertility indifferent light highly shade tolerant shade tolerance 4.3 (0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance) drought tolerance 2.4 (0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance) waterlogging tolerance 3.5 (0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance) plant communities in the Netherlands Quercetea robori-petraea (klasse der eiken-beukenbossen op voedselarme grond): -Betulo-Quercetum roboris (Berken-Eikenbos) -Fago-Quercetum (Beuken-Eikenbos) management status USA species absent; genus locally frequent in landscape status Europe infrequent exotic species in forests, landscape, urban environment status The Netherlands frequent exotic (naturalized) species in forests, landscape, urban environment application ornamental tree, street tree, important seed tree for birds propagation seed; named cultivars by grafting regeneration planting; natural regeneration from seed; uprootings optimal gap size for regeneration < 1x tree length first plantation Netherlands 17 th century oldest tree U.K. old tree Netherlands resprouting after cutting good growth rate (M.A.I. in m 3ha -1j-1) - diseases none insects wood wood wood structures key characteristics of pores diffuse porous vol. mass heartwood (kg/m3) elastic modulus (N/mm 2) durability heartwood heartwood color light-brown sapwood color light-brown contents products cutlery, turnery non-timber products berries raw edible or cooked in jam Ülo Niinemets and Fernando Valladares. 2006. Tolerance to shade, drought, and waterlogging of temperate Northern Hemisphere trees and shrubs. Ecological Monographs 76:521–547 twig in winter leaves of Service berry autumn color two seedlings photos 4x © Leo Goudzwaard ripening berries bark of a mature shrub inflorescence in April photos 3x © Leo Goudzwaard .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Amelanchierspp. Family: Rosaceae Serviceberry
    Amelanchier spp. Family: Rosaceae Serviceberry The genus Amelanchier contains about 16 species native to North America [5], Mexico [2], and Eurasia to northern Africa [4]. The word amelanchier is derived from the French common name amelanche of the European serviceberry, Amelanchier ovalis. Amelanchier alnifolia-juneberry, Pacific serviceberry, pigeonberry, rocky mountain servicetree, sarvice, sarviceberry, saskatoon, saskatoon serviceberry, western service, western serviceberry , western shadbush Amelanchier arborea-Allegheny serviceberry, apple shadbush, downy serviceberry , northern smooth shadbush, shadblow, shadblown serviceberry, shadbush, shadbush serviceberry Amelanchier bartramiana-Bartram serviceberry Amelanchier canadensis-American lancewood, currant-tree, downy serviceberry, Indian cherry, Indian pear, Indian wild pear, juice plum, juneberry, may cherry, sugar plum, sarvice, servicetree, shadberry, shadblow, shadbush, shadbush serviceberry, shadflower, thicket serviceberry Amelanchier florida-Pacific serviceberry Amelanchier interior-inland serviceberry Amelanchier sanguinea-Huron serviceberry, roundleaf juneberry, roundleaf serviceberry , shore shadbush Amelanchier utahensis-Utah serviceberry Distribution In North America throughout upper elevations and temperate forests. The Tree Serviceberry is a shrub or tree that reaches a height of 40 ft (12 m) and a diameter of 2 ft (0.6 m). It grows in many soil types and occurs from swamps to mountainous hillsides. It flowers in early spring, producing delicate white flowers, making
    [Show full text]
  • Full Plant List Banstead Surrey a - C SM7 3BW
    Evergreen Exterior Services Ltd 21 Croydon Lane Full Plant List Banstead Surrey A - C SM7 3BW Tel: 020 8770 9200 Page 1 of 56 SLN Stock NamePot Size Plant Size Pack Type Plant Group 4 Abelia Grandiflora 10LTR 50-60CM Evergreen Shrubs 5 Abelia Grandiflora 3LTR 25-30CM Evergreen Shrubs 5680 Abelia Grandiflora 2LTR 30CM+ Evergreen Shrubs 7366 Abelia Grandiflora 7.5LTR 40-45CM Evergreen Shrubs 9036 Abelia Grandiflora 10LTR 40-50CM Evergreen Shrubs 1 Abelia Grandiflora Edward Goucher 10LTR 40-50CM Evergreen Shrubs 17934 Abelia Grandiflora Edward Goucher 3LTR 30-40CM Evergreen Shrubs 8 Abelia Grandiflora Francis Mason 10LTR 40-50CM Evergreen Shrubs 9 Abelia Grandiflora Kaleidoscope 10LTR 50-60CM Evergreen Shrubs 10 Abelia Grandiflora Kaleidoscope 4.5LTR 30-40CM Evergreen Shrubs 11 Abelia Grandiflora Kaleidoscope 7.5LTR 40-50CM Evergreen Shrubs 3639 Abelia Grandiflora Kaleidoscope 3LTR 30-40CM Evergreen Shrubs 23531 Abelia Grandiflora Kaleidoscope 2LTR Evergreen Shrubs 9035 Abelia Grandiflora Prostrata 10LTR 30-40CM Evergreen Shrubs 14 Abelia Grandiflora Semperflorens 10LTR 50-60CM Evergreen Shrubs 22072 Abelia Grandiflora Sherwood 5LTR Evergreen Shrubs 15956 Abelia Grandiflora Sparkling Silver 10LTR 50-60CM Evergreen Shrubs 15486 Abelia Grandiflora Variegata 10LTR 30-40CM Evergreen Shrubs 22657 Abelia Variegated 11CM pk10 Evergreen Shrubs 23153 Abies Fraseri 45LTR Deciduous Trees 22097 Abies Koreana 5LTR Hedging 16665 Abies Koreana Kohout's Ice Breaker 3LTR 00CM Hedging 22116 Abies Lasiocarpa (Blue) 150-200CM Christmas 22117 Abies Lasiocarpa
    [Show full text]
  • Amelanchier Canadensis
    AmelanchierAmelanchier canadensiscanadensis ShadblowShadblow serviceberry,serviceberry, CanadianCanadian serviceberry,serviceberry, DownyDowny serviceberry,serviceberry, Shadbush,Shadbush, Juneberry,Juneberry, ChuckleberryChuckleberry Amelanchier canadensis(Shadblow serviceberry) is native to South Canada and the eastern United States. The shrub was introduced in Europe in 1746. The Shadblow serviceberry grows up to 5 to 6 metres tall and wide with a finely branched, wide vase-shaped crown. Before the leaves start to sprout, the Amelanchier canadensisblooms bountifully racemes of white flowers that hang over slightly. In late July, it bears red-violet to blue-black fruits that are edible. The leaves are relatively large and bud in a lovely bronze-red. In the summer, the Shadblow serviceberry has green leaves with a grey-green underside. The autumn colours are yellow-orange to brown and less striking than those of other serviceberry shrubs. The species has a preference for sunlight and moist, humous, slightly acidic soil. It will tolerate a temporarily dry environment, as well as strong wind. That makes Amelanchier canadensis very suitable for use in containers and roof gardens. SEASONAL COLOURS jan feb mar apr mei jun jul aug sep okt nov dec TYPES OF PLANTING Tree types: fruit trees, solitary shrubs | Topiary on stem: multi-stem umbrella USE Location: park, central reservation, in containers, roof garden, large garden, small garden, patio, cemetery, countryside, ecological zone | Pavement: none, open | Planting concepts: Eco planting,
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Collecting Expedition for Berry Crop Species Through Southeastern
    Plant Collecting Expedition for Berry Crop Species through Southeastern and Midwestern United States June and July 2007 Glassy Mountain, South Carolina Participants: Kim E. Hummer, Research Leader, Curator, USDA ARS NCGR 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, Oregon 97333-2521 phone 541.738.4201 [email protected] Chad E. Finn, Research Geneticist, USDA ARS HCRL, 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, Oregon 97330 phone 541.738.4037 [email protected] Michael Dossett Graduate Student, Oregon State University, Department of Horticulture, Corvallis, OR 97330 phone 541.738.4038 [email protected] Plant Collecting Expedition for Berry Crops through the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, June and July 2007 Table of Contents Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements:................................................................................................................ 3 Executive Summary................................................................................................................ 4 Part I – Southeastern United States ...................................................................................... 5 Summary.............................................................................................................................. 5 Travelog May-June 2007.................................................................................................... 6 Conclusions for part 1 .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Serviceberry Has Come to Signal a Happy Sign of Spring in the Garden
    Notable Natives source of food for wildlife and humans. Over time serviceberry has come to signal a happy sign of spring in the garden. Serviceberry Serviceberry is a tall shrub or small tree reaching from fifteen to twenty-five feet tall. The young elliptical leaves are medium Amelanchier arborea or to dark green in color and are interesting because they have serviceberry is a soft almost woolly “fur” or hairs on their undersides which deciduous shrub in the eventually disappear when the leaves mature. The leaves turn rose family (Rosaceae). a beautiful reddish to pink hue in autumn. The smooth, grey It can play a significant bark can have a reddish cast, and as the plant matures, the role in the Midwest bark grows interesting ridges and shallow furrows. Its slender native garden. There buds and white flowers grow in drooping racemes or bunches are closely related of six to fourteen flowers appearing in spring before mature native species A. Serviceberries in bloom. Photo by Carol Rice. leaves are present. interior and A. laevis, usually from sandier habitats. A tall and narrow woodland The ornamental flowers last only a week or two and are mildly plant, it is one of the first shrubs to flower in spring and is a fragrant. After blooming, the flowers develop into small great plant for residential properties. reddish-purple pomes, small apple-shaped fruits that hang in small clusters. The Serviceberry likes full sun but will tolerate partial sun or light fruit is similar in size to shade. It requires good drainage but should be kept moist blueberries and ripens during summer droughts.
    [Show full text]
  • USDA Plant Guide (Pdf)
    Plant Guide stomach problems. Bark and twigs provided a SASKATOON medicine for recovery after childbirth. In Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) combination with other plants, it was used to make a Nutt. ex Roemer contraceptive. The strong and straight-grained wood Plant Symbol = AMAL2 was used to make arrows, digging sticks, spear shafts, tool handles, and seed beaters. Young branches were Contributed By: USDA NRCS National Plant Data twisted into a type of rope. Center & the Biota of North America Program Saskatoon is attractive as an ornamental shrub or may be trimmed as a hedge. It is an important species for reclamation, wildlife, watershed, and shelterbelt plantings. It can be started from seed or vegetative cuttings. Status Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status, such as, state noxious status and wetland indicator values. Description General: Rose Family (Rosaceae). Native shrubs or small trees growing to 7 meters high, variable in growth form, forming thickets, mats, or clumps, the William R. Hewlitt underground portions including a massive root © California Academy of Sciences crown, horizontal and vertical rhizomes, and an @ CalPhotos extensive root system; bark: thin, light brown and tinged with red, smooth or shallowly fissured. Alternate common names Leaves are deciduous, simple, alternate, ovate to Saskatoon service-berry, service-berry, juneberry, nearly round, 2.5-3 cm long, with lateral, parallel shadbush veins in 8-13 pairs, the margins coarsely serrate or dentate to below middle or sometimes entire or with Uses only a few small teeth at the top. Flowers are in Saskatoon is planted as an ornamental and to produce short, dense, 5-15-flowered, upright racemes, the commercial fruit crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List Flowering Latin Name Common Name Community Date
    Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List Flowering Latin Name Common Name Community Date EQUISETACEAE HORSETAIL FAMILY Equisetum arvense L. Field Horsetail FF Equisetum fluviatile L. Water Horsetail LRB Equisetum hyemale L. ssp. affine (Engelm.) Stone Common Scouring-rush BS Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun Smooth Scouring-rush WM Equisetum variegatum Scheich. ex Fried. ssp. Small Horsetail LRB Variegatum DENNSTAEDIACEAE BRACKEN FAMILY Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Bracken-Fern COF DRYOPTERIDACEAE TRUE FERN FAMILILY Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ssp. angustum (Willd.) Northeastern Lady Fern FF Clausen Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. Bulblet Fern FF Dryopteris carthusiana (Villars) H.P. Fuchs Spinulose Woodfern FF Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. Ostrich Fern FF Onoclea sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern FF Polystichum acrostichoides (Michaux) Schott Christmas Fern FF ADDER’S-TONGUE- OPHIOGLOSSACEAE FERN FAMILY Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake Fern FF FLOWERING FERN OSMUNDACEAE FAMILY Osmunda regalis L. Royal Fern WM POLYPODIACEAE POLYPODY FAMILY Polypodium virginianum L. Rock Polypody FF MAIDENHAIR FERN PTERIDACEAE FAMILY Adiantum pedatum L. ssp. pedatum Northern Maidenhair Fern FF THELYPTERIDACEAE MARSH FERN FAMILY Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott Marsh Fern WM LYCOPODIACEAE CLUB MOSS FAMILY Lycopodium lucidulum Michaux Shining Clubmoss OF Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh Ground-cedar COF SELAGINELLACEAE SPIKEMOSS FAMILY Selaginella apoda (L.) Fern. Spikemoss LRB CUPRESSACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper Jun-E DS Juniperus virginiana L. Red Cedar Jun-E SD Thuja occidentalis L. White Cedar LRB PINACEAE PINE FAMILY Larix laricina (Duroi) K. Koch Tamarack Jun LRB Pinus banksiana Lambert Jack Pine COF Pinus resinosa Sol. ex Aiton Red Pine Jun-M CF Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List 1 Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List Flowering Latin Name Common Name Community Date Pinus strobus L.
    [Show full text]
  • Brewing Beer with Native Plants (Seasonality)
    BREWING BEER WITH INDIANA NATIVE PLANTS Proper plant identification is important. Many edible native plants have poisonous look-alikes! Availability/When to Harvest Spring. Summer. Fall Winter . Year-round . (note: some plants have more than one part that is edible, and depending on what is being harvested may determine when that harvesting period is) TREES The wood of many native trees (especially oak) can be used to age beer on, whether it be barrels or cuttings. Woods can also be used to smoke the beers/malts as well. Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis): Needles and young twigs can be brewed into a tea or added as ingredients in cooking, similar flavoring to spruce. Tamarack (Larix laricina): Bark and twigs can be brewed into a tea with a green, earthy flavor. Pine species (Pinus strobus, Pinus banksiana, Pinus virginiana): all pine species have needles that can be made into tea, all similar flavor. Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana): mature, dark blue berries and young twigs may be made into tea or cooked with, similar in flavor to most other evergreen species. Pawpaw (Asimina triloba): edible fruit, often described as a mango/banana flavor hybrid. Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): root used to make tea, formerly used to make rootbeer. Similarly flavored, but much more earthy and bitter. Leaves have a spicier, lemony taste and young leaves are sometimes used in salads. Leaves are also dried and included in file powder, common in Cajun and Creole cooking. Northern Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis): Ripe, purple-brown fruits are edible and sweet. Red Mulberry (Morus rubra): mature red-purple-black fruit is sweet and juicy.
    [Show full text]
  • (Rosaceae), I. Differentiation of Mespilus and Crataegus
    Phytotaxa 257 (3): 201–229 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.257.3.1 STUDIES IN MESPILUS, CRATAEGUS, AND ×CRATAEMESPILUS (ROSACEAE), I. DIFFERENTIATION OF MESPILUS AND CRATAEGUS, EXPANSION OF ×CRATAEMESPILUS, WITH SUPPLEMENTARY OBSERVATIONS ON DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CRATAEGUS AND AMELANCHIER CLADES JAMES B. PHIPPS Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; email: [email protected] Abstract The paper argues the position for retaining a monotypic Mespilus, i.e., in the sense of M. germanica, the medlar. Recent cladistic papers lend support for Mespilus being sister to Crataegus, and there is a clear morphological distinction from Cra- taegus, emphasized by adaptation to carnivore frugivory. Mespilus secured, the paper then treats each of the known hybrids between Mespilus and Crataegus, making the new combination Crataemespilus ×canescens (J.B. Phipps) J.B. Phipps. Keywords: Crataemespilus ×canescens (J.B. Phipps) J.B. Phipps comb. nov.; inflorescence position; medlar; Mespilus a folk-genus; Mespilus distinct from Crataegus; Rosaceae; taxonomic history of Mespilus Introduction The author has a long-standing interest in generic delimitation in the Maloid genera of the Rosaceae (Maleae Small, formerly Maloideae C. Weber, Pyrinae Dumort.), as shown particularly in a series of papers with K. Robertson, J. Rohrer, and P.G. Smith (Phipps et al. 1990, 1991; Robertson at al. 1991, 1992; Rohrer at al. 1991, 1994) which treated all 28 genera of Maleae as recognised by us. There is also a revisionary treatment of New World Heteromeles M.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Edibles Shrubstrees for Sale
    # Common Name Latin Name 1 Saskatoon Serviceberry Amelanchier alnifolia 'Regent' 2 Juneberry Amelanchier alnifolia 'Northline' 3 Juneberry Amelanchier alnifolia 'Smoky' 4 Juneberry Amelanchier alnifolia 'Smoky' 5 Shadblow Serviceberry Amelanchier canadensis 'Prince William' 6 Shadblow Serviceberry Amelanchier canadensis 'Success' 7 Running Serviceberry Amelanchier stolonifera 'Fergie' 8 Serviceberry Amelanchier grandiflora 'Autumn Brilliance' 9 Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa 'Nero' 10 PawPaw Asimina triloba unknown 11 PawPaw Michigan cultivar 12 PawPaw Asimina triloba 'Wilson' 13 PawPaw Asimina triloba 'Sunflower' 14 Cornelian Cherry Cornus mas unknown 15 Cornelian Cherry Cornus mas 'Pioneer' 16 Cornelian Cherry Cornus mas 'Elegant' 17 Cornelian Cherry Cornus mas 'Yellow' 18 American Filbert (Hazelnut) Corylus americana 'Winkler' 19 American Hazelnut Corylus americana (AMHA_PP_18‐24) 20 American Hazelnut Corylus americana 'Ecos' 21 American Hazelnut Corylus americana 'Precocious' 22 Hazelbert Corylus 'Winkler' x 'Skinner' 23 Contorted filbert Corylus avellana 'contorta' 24 Hybrid Hazelnut Corylus avellana x Americana 25 Gumi/Cherry Elaeagnus Elaeagnus multiflora 'Red Gem' 26 Autumn Olive Bush Elaeagnus umbellata 'garnet 27 Hawthorne Hawthorne pinnatifida 'Big Golden Star' 28 Sea Buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides 'Golden Sweet Female' 29 Sea Buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides 'Hergo Female' 30 Blue Honeysuckle Lonicera caerulea edulis 'Blue Pacific' 31 Blue Honeysuckle Lonicera caerulea edulis 'Kamchatka' 32 Medlar Mespilus germanica 'Breda
    [Show full text]
  • Agroforestry News Index Vol 1 to Vol 22 No 2
    Agroforestry News Index Vol 1 to Vol 22 No 2 2 A.R.T. nursery ..... Vol 2, No 4, page 2 Acorns, edible from oaks ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 3 Aaron, J R & Richards: British woodland produce (book review) ..... Acorns, harvesting ..... Vol 5, No 4, Vol 1, No 4, page 34 page 3 Abies balsamea ..... Vol 8, No 2, page Acorns, nutritional composition ..... 31 Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Abies sibirica ..... Vol 8, No 2, page 31 Acorns, removing tannins from ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Abies species ..... Vol 19, No 1, page 13 Acorns, shelling ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 3 Acca sellowiana ..... Vol 9, No 3, page 4 Acorns, utilisation ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Acer macrophyllum ..... Vol 16, No 2, page 6 Acorus calamus ..... Vol 8, No 4, page 6 Acer pseudoplatanus ..... Vol 3, No 1, page 3 Actinidia arguta ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 10 Acer saccharum ..... Vol 16, No 1, page 3 Actinidia arguta, cultivars ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 14 Acer saccharum - strawberry agroforestry system ..... Vol 8, No 1, Actinidia arguta, description ..... Vol page 2 1, No 4, page 10 Acer species, with edible saps ..... Vol Actinidia arguta, drawings ..... Vol 1, 2, No 3, page 26 No 4, page 15 Achillea millefolium ..... Vol 8, No 4, Actinidia arguta, feeding & irrigaton page 5 ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 11 3 Actinidia arguta, fruiting ..... Vol 1, Actinidia spp ..... Vol 5, No 1, page 18 No 4, page 13 Actinorhizal plants ..... Vol 3, No 3, Actinidia arguta, nurseries page 30 supplying ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 16 Acworth, J M: The potential for farm Actinidia arguta, pests and diseases forestry, agroforestry and novel tree ....
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Pollen and Resources on Seed Number and Other Fitness Components in Amelanchier Arborea (Rosaceae: Maloideae) 1
    Amer. J. Bot. 75(9): 1275-1285. 1988. EFFECTS OF POLLEN AND RESOURCES ON SEED NUMBER AND OTHER FITNESS COMPONENTS IN AMELANCHIER ARBOREA (ROSACEAE: MALOIDEAE) 1 DAVID L. GORCHOV2 Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ABSTRACT Most Amelanchier arborea flowers have 10 ovules, but the number of filled (embryo-con­ taining) seeds per fruit is usually less than 10 and is highly variable within each individual plant. Because fruit developmental time correlates with seed number, this variation in seed number results in asynchronous fruit ripening. Field experiments tested whether seed number was pollen- or resource-limited. Manipulation of resources in the shoot at the time of fruit initiation by defoliation, girdling, fruit thinning, or foliar feeding had no significant effect on seed number per fruit, although fruit set and seed weight were affected. Supplemental cross­ pollination also had no demonstrable effect on seed number. Most ovules that do not become filled seeds are visible as small "undeveloped seeds"; these are not necessarily aborted seeds as this was also the fate of ovules in unpollinated carpels. Alternative hypotheses for the deter­ mination of seed number are proposed and discussed. THE NUMBER OF SEEDS that mature per fruit is few developing seeds are more likely to abort variable in many plant species and has several than those with many seeds (see reviews by important ecological, evolutionary, and hor­ Stephenson, 1981; Stephenson and Bertin, ticultural implications. Seed number has been 1983). By aborting fruits with low seed num­ studied as a component ofyield (or fitness) for bers, plants may improve the average quality its importance to both the adjustment of re­ of their offspring, either by eliminating fruits productive output under varying environmen­ resulting from self-fertilization (Darwin, 1876, tal conditions (Wilbur, 1977; Primack, 1978; pp.
    [Show full text]