Amelanchier Lamarckii Schröder Taxonomy -Nomenclature Is Confusing: in USA Amelanchier Arborea Is the Accepted Name

Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group

Tree factsheet images at pages 3, 4

Amelanchier lamarckii Schröder taxonomy -nomenclature is confusing: in USA Amelanchier arborea is the accepted name. -some botanists consider A. lamarckii to be a natural hybrid between A. canadensis and A. laevis . author, year Schröder … synonym Amelanchier arborea, Amelanchier laevis Family Rosaceae Eng. Name Downy Service berry, Service berry, June berry Dutch name (Amerikaans) Krentenboompje, Drents Krentenboompje subspecies varieties hybrids A. lamarckii is probably a natural hybrid cultivars, frequently used Amelanchier laevis ‘Ballerina’ as a small street tree Amelanchier arborea ‘Robin Hill’ as a small street tree

references PFAF database http://www.pfaf.org/index.html

morphology crown habit bush or small tree, oval to round max. height (m) 6-9 max. dbh (cm) 40 leaf length (cm) 5-7 leaf petiole (cm) 1,5-2 leaf colour upper surface green leaf colour under surface bluish-green leaves arrangement alternate flowering April flowering plant monoecious flower monosexual flower diameter (cm) 18-28 pollination insects fruit; length berry; 1-1,5 cm fruit petiole (cm) 1 seed; length seed; approx. 0,1 cm seed-wing length (cm) - weight 1000 seeds (g) 3,3 – 3,6 seeds ripen June seed dispersal birds; thrush, blackbird, wood-pigeon

habitat natural distribution N.-America in N.W. Europe since 1781 - Germany natural areas The Netherlands - geological landscape types The Netherlands Till plateau, ice-pushed ridges, coversand area (Hoek 1997) forested areas The Netherlands sandy soils area Netherlands not a forest canopy tree % of forest trees in the Netherlands - soil type indifferent pH-KCl indifferent soil fertility indifferent light highly shade tolerant shade tolerance 4.3 (0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance) drought tolerance 2.4 (0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance) waterlogging tolerance 3.5 (0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance) plant communities in the Netherlands Quercetea robori-petraea (klasse der eiken-beukenbossen op voedselarme grond): -Betulo-Quercetum roboris (Berken-Eikenbos) -Fago-Quercetum (Beuken-Eikenbos)

management status USA species absent; genus locally frequent in landscape status Europe infrequent exotic species in forests, landscape, urban environment status The Netherlands frequent exotic (naturalized) species in forests, landscape, urban environment application ornamental tree, street tree, important seed tree for birds propagation seed; named cultivars by grafting regeneration planting; natural regeneration from seed; uprootings optimal gap size for regeneration < 1x tree length first plantation Netherlands 17 th century oldest tree U.K. old tree Netherlands resprouting after cutting good growth rate (M.A.I. in m 3ha -1j-1) - diseases none insects

wood wood wood structures key characteristics of pores diffuse porous vol. mass heartwood (kg/m3) elastic modulus (N/mm 2)

durability heartwood heartwood color light-brown sapwood color light-brown contents products cutlery, turnery

non-timber products berries raw edible or cooked in jam

Ülo Niinemets and Fernando Valladares. 2006. Tolerance to shade, drought, and waterlogging of temperate Northern Hemisphere trees and shrubs. Ecological Monographs 76:521–547

twig in winter

leaves of Service berry autumn color

ripening berries bark of a mature shrub