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Marine Invasive Species in Nordic Waters - Fact Sheet

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NOBANIS - Marine invasive species in Nordic waters - Fact Sheet Telmatogeton japonicus Author of this species fact sheet: Kathe R. Jensen, Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 København Ø, Denmark. Phone: +45 353-21083, E-mail: [email protected] Bibliographical reference – how to cite this fact sheet: Jensen, Kathe R. (2010): NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Telmatogeton japonicus – From: Identification key to marine invasive species in Nordic waters – NOBANIS www.nobanis.org, Date of access x/x/201x. Species description Species name Telmatogeton japonicus, Tokunaga, 1933 – a marine splash midge Synonyms Telmatogeton remanei Remmert, 1963 Common names Splash midge (UK, CAN, USA) Identification It is not really possible to identify chironomid larvae to species, so only when adults (imagines) are present can they be accurately identified to species. The other species of the genus seem to be primarily from the southern hemisphere (Womersley 1936; Newman, 1988), but T. remanei was described from the Baltic and T. murrayi from Iceland (Sæther, 2009). Distribution Native area Japan. It has also been found in Hawaii, and this is included in the native area by some authors. Introduced area Presently, this species is very widespread, occurring in northern Europe, North America and the Pacific. In Europe the first record, as T. remanei, is from 1962 in the estuary near Kiel (Remmert, 1963). In the following years it was found at a number of ports in the Baltic, e.g. Rostock (1982), Rügen (1984), Gdynia (1977), and also in the Gullmarsfjord on the Swedish west coast (1983) and Helgoland in the North Sea (1982). At this point it was synonymized with the Japanese T. japonicus (Kronberg, 1986). In Poland it had been described as a new species, T. gedanensis Szadziewski, 1977. In 2003 it was found on Danish windfarms in the North Sea (DONG Energy, 2006) and in 2005 it was found on buoys in Belgium (Kerckhof et al., 2007). In 2007 it was found on the Swedish Baltic Sea coast (Brodin & Anderson, 2009) and in 2008 on the coast of Finland (Raunio et al., 2009). There are also records from Britain, Madeira, Azores and Iceland (Brodin & Anderson, 2009), but the latter may be a separate species (Sæther, 2009). In 1949 it was found in Florida and New York on the east coast of the USA (Wirth, 1952). It was first recorded from Canada between 1990 and 1994 (Colbo, 1996). It may also occur in Australia (Newman, 1988) Ecology The following information pertains only to the larvae. In its native area there are two annual population maxima (Sunose & Fujisawa, 1982). It feeds on seaweeds, mostly green algae but also cyanobacteria . It builds tubes that protect the larvae against exposure, and it is not able to swim (Kronberg, 1988). It seems to prefer concrete as a substrate even in its native area (Sunose & Fujisawa, 1982; Kronberg, 1988; Brodin & Andersson, 2009). Reproduction Only the larvae and pupae occur in the supratidal zone. The adults live for only a few days (Sunose & Fujisawa, 1982). Females produce 200-300 eggs, which are deposited individually. Larvae go through 4 instars before pupation (Kronberg, 1988). Impacts Dense tubes may modify microhabitats, but no serious impacts are known. References Brodin, Y. and Andersson, M.H. 2009. The marine splash midge Telmatogon [sic!] japonicus (Diptera; Chironomidae) – extreme and alien? Biological Invasions 11: 1311-1317. Colbo, M.H. 1996. Chironomidae from marine coastal environments near St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada. Hydrobiologia 318: 117-122. DONG Energy 2006. Review report 2005. The Danish offshore wind farm demonstration project: Horns Rev and Nysted offshore wind farm environmental impact assessment and monitoring. DONG Energy and Vattenfall A/S, 150 pp. Epler, J.H. 2001. Identification manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. Report available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/esb/BAUwww/Chiron_manual/intro.pdf Kerckhof, F., Haelters, J. and Golasch, S. 2007. Alien species in the marine and brackisch ecosystem: the situation in Belgian waters. Aquatic Invasions 2(3): 243-257. Kronberg, I. 1986. Riesenchromosomen und Artareal einer baltischen Telmatogeton-Art (Diptera: Chironomidae: Telmatogetoninae). Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 24: 190-197. Kronberg, I. 1988. Structure and adaptation of the fauna in the black zone (littoral fringe) along rocky shores in northern Europe. Marine Ecology Progress Series 49:95-106. Newman, L.J. 1988. Evolutionary relationships of the Hawaiian and North American Telmatogeton (Insecta; Diptera: Chironomidae). Pacific Science 42(1-2): 56-64. Raunio, J., Paasivirta, L. and Brodin, Y. 2009. Marine midge Telmatogeton japonicus Tokunaga (Diptera: Chironomidae) exploiting brackish water in Finland. Aquatic Invasions 4(2): 405-408. Remmert, H. 1963. Telmatogeton remanei n.sp., eine neue marine Chironomide aus der Kieler Förde. Zoologischer Anzeiger 171: 165-178. Sunose, T. and Fujisawa, T. 1982. Ecological studies of the intertidal chironomid Telmatogeton japonicus Tokunaga in Hokkaido. Researches on Population Ecology 24(1): 70-84. Sæther, O.A. 2009. Telmatogeton murrayi sp.n. from Iceland and T. japonicus Tokunaga from Madeira (Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic Insects 31(1): 31-44. Wirth, W.W. 1952. Notes on marine midges from the eastern United States (Diptera, Tendipedidae [= Chironomidae]). Bulletin of Marine Science 2(1): 307-312. Womersley, H. 1936. An interesting chironomid Telmatogeton australicus sp.n. from a South Australian reef. Records of the South Australian Museum 5: 439-443. .
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