THE KINGDOM and COINS of BURGRED. HE Anglo-Saxon
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Joint Cabinet Crisis Kingdom of Mercia
Joint Cabinet Crisis Kingdom of Mercia Hamburg Model United Nations “Shaping a New Era of Diplomacy” 28th November – 1st December 2019 JCC – Kingdom of Mercia Hamburg Model United Nations Study Guide 28th November – 1st December Welcome Letter by the Secretary Generals Dear Delegates, we, the secretariat of HamMUN 2019, would like to give a warm welcome to all of you that have come from near and far to participate in the 21st Edition of Hamburg Model United Nations. We hope to give you an enriching and enlightening experience that you can look back on with joy. Over the course of 4 days in total, you are going to try to find solutions for some of the most challenging problems our world faces today. Together with students from all over the world, you will hear opinions that might strongly differ from your own, or present your own divergent opinion. We hope that you take this opportunity to widen your horizon, to, in a respectful manner, challenge and be challenged and form new friendships. With this year’s slogan “Shaping a New Era of Democracy” we would like to invite you to engage in and develop peaceful ways to solve and prevent conflicts. To remain respectful and considerate in diplomatic negotiations in a time where we experience our political climate as rough, and to focus on what unites us rather than divides us. As we are moving towards an even more globalized and highly military armed world, facing unprecedented threats such as climate change and Nuclear Warfare, international cooperation has become more important than ever to ensure peace and stability. -
Wessex and the Reign of Edmund Ii Ironside
Chapter 16 Wessex and the Reign of Edmund ii Ironside David McDermott Edmund Ironside, the eldest surviving son of Æthelred ii (‘the Unready’), is an often overlooked political figure. This results primarily from the brevity of his reign, which lasted approximately seven months, from 23 April to 30 November 1016. It could also be said that Edmund’s legacy compares unfavourably with those of his forebears. Unlike other Anglo-Saxon Kings of England whose lon- ger reigns and periods of uninterrupted peace gave them opportunities to leg- islate, renovate the currency or reform the Church, Edmund’s brief rule was dominated by the need to quell initial domestic opposition to his rule, and prevent a determined foreign adversary seizing the throne. Edmund conduct- ed his kingship under demanding circumstances and for his resolute, indefati- gable and mostly successful resistance to Cnut, his career deserves to be dis- cussed and his successes acknowledged. Before discussing the importance of Wessex for Edmund Ironside, it is con- structive, at this stage, to clarify what is meant by ‘Wessex’. It is also fitting to use the definition of the region provided by Barbara Yorke. The core shires of Wessex may be reliably regarded as Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Berk- shire and Hampshire (including the Isle of Wight).1 Following the victory of the West Saxon King Ecgbert at the battle of Ellendun (Wroughton, Wilts.) in 835, the borders of Wessex expanded, with the counties of Kent, Sussex, Surrey and Essex passing from Mercian to West Saxon control.2 Wessex was not the only region with which Edmund was associated, and nor was he the only king from the royal House of Wessex with connections to other regions. -
The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Mercia and the Origins and Distribution of Common Fields*
The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia and the origins and distribution of common fields* by Susan Oosthuizen Abstract: This paper aims to explore the hypothesis that the agricultural layouts and organisation that had de- veloped into common fields by the high middle ages may have had their origins in the ‘long’ eighth century, between about 670 and 840 AD. It begins by reiterating the distinction between medieval open and common fields, and the problems that inhibit current explanations for their period of origin and distribution. The distribution of common fields is reviewed and the coincidence with the kingdom of Mercia noted. Evidence pointing towards an earlier date for the origin of fields is reviewed. Current views of Mercia in the ‘long’ eighth century are discussed and it is shown that the kingdom had both the cultural and economic vitality to implement far-reaching landscape organisation. The proposition that early forms of these field systems may have originated in the ‘long’ eighth century is considered, and the paper concludes with suggestions for further research. Open and common fields (a specialised form of open field) endured in the English landscape for over a thousand years and their physical remains still survive in many places. A great deal is known and understood about their distribution and physical appearance, about their man- agement from their peak in the thirteenth century through the changes of the later medieval and early modern periods, and about how and when they disappeared. Their origins, however, present a continuing problem partly, at least, because of the difficulties in extrapolating in- formation about such beginnings from documentary sources and upstanding earthworks that record – or fossilise – mature or even late field systems. -
Aethelflaed: History and Legend
Quidditas Volume 34 Article 2 2013 Aethelflaed: History and Legend Kim Klimek Metropolitan State University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Klimek, Kim (2013) "Aethelflaed: History and Legend," Quidditas: Vol. 34 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol34/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Quidditas 34 (2013) 11 Aethelflaed: History and Legend Kim Klimek Metropolitan State University of Denver This paper examines the place of Aethelflaed, Queen of the Mercians, in the written historical record. Looking at works like the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Irish Annals, we find a woman whose rule acted as both a complement to and a corruption against the consolidations of Alfred the Great and Edward’s rule in Anglo-Saxon England. The alternative histories written by the Mercians and the Celtic areas of Ireland and Wales show us an alternative view to the colonization and solidification of West-Saxon rule. Introduction Aethelflaed, Queen and Lady of the Mercians, ruled the Anglo-Sax- on kingdom of Mercia from 911–918. Despite the deaths of both her husband and father and increasing Danish invasions into Anglo- Saxon territory, Aethelflaed not only held her territory but expanded it. She was a warrior queen whose Mercian army followed her west to fight the Welsh and north to attack the Danes. -
The Anglo-Saxons
The Anglo-Saxons “In the case of the king, the resources and tools with which to rule are that he have his land fully manned: he must have praying men, fighting men and working men. You know also that without these tools no king may make his ability known.” King Alfred’s digressions in his translation of Boethius’s “Consolation of Philosophy” This module includes the following topics: ❖ Anglo-Saxon Timeline ❖ The Anglo-Saxons ❖ Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms ❖ Society and Structure ❖ Anglo-Saxon Kings End of Anglo-Saxon ❖ Depiction of an Anglo- Kingdom Saxon King with nobles LEARNING OBJECTIVES KEY WORDS At the end of the module, Anglo- Tithing you should be able to: Hundreds Trace the beginning and Saxon ❖ Normans end of the Anglo-Saxon Jutes Burghs period of England Saxons ❖ Map the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms Angles ❖ Be familiar with the rule Kingdoms and succession of Paganism Anglo-Saxon kings Christianity ❖ Analyse the life and society of the Anglo- Saxons ANGLO-SAXON TIMELINE In 410, after the By 793, Danish By 597, St. Augustine, an sacking of Rome by Viking raiders Italian monk, arrived in Alaric, King of the began attacking Kent and founded a Goths, Roman Lindisfarne, Jarrow, Benedictine monastery at legions departed and Iona. Canterbury and converted from Britannia. the King of Kent to Alfred the Great By 449, three Christianity. defeated the Danes shiploads of at Edington in 878. Saxon warriors In 635, Aidan founded a led by Hengist monastery in and Horsa arrived Lindisfarne, followed by in Kent. the Synod of Whitby in 664. According to legends, King Arthur defeated the Saxons at Mount Badon in 518. -
The Lady of Mercia Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE LADY OF MERCIA PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Paul Magrs | none | 31 May 2013 | Big Finish Productions Ltd | 9781781780732 | English | Maidenhead, United Kingdom The Lady of Mercia PDF Book During the relatively peaceful period between and AD, Alfred was building burhs at key locations in his kingdom. Stream the best stories. As noted before, Aethelred and Aethelflaed had only one daughter, and the former did not have any known close male relatives. Simon Keynes points out that all coins were issued in Edward's name, and while the Mercian rulers were able to issue some charters on their own authority, others acknowledged Edward's lordship. The assumption that Mercia was in some sort of limbo in this period, subordinate to Wessex and waiting to be incorporated into "England" cannot be sustained Annie Whitehead delves into all the corners of Mercia, her history and conflicts and relates the story of not just the land, but of the generations of people who occupied it. School children know all about King Alfred burning the cakes, but more importantly, this Saxon king left behind an extraordinary legacy, reforming the traditions and structure of early English society, maintaining peace and introducing structure, judicial processes and education…. Historians have had to gather much of what they know of Aethelflaed from sources other than the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which serves as the main source for the period. The stories of these women is told with a passion and eloquence which makes every chapter a pleasure to read. Johnson, B. Derby was the first to fall to the English; she lost "four of her thegns who were dear to her" in the battle. -
The Relationship Between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-C.879)
Penn History Review Volume 26 Issue 2 Article 2 February 2020 The Relationship between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-c.879) Brent Weisberg University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr Recommended Citation Weisberg, Brent (2020) "The Relationship between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-c.879)," Penn History Review: Vol. 26 : Iss. 2 , Article 2. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol26/iss2/2 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol26/iss2/2 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II The Relationship between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-c.879) Brent Weisberg, University of Pennsylvania Introduction Studying King Ceolwulf II of Mercia presents one with a situation not unlike the one former US Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld’s described concerning American intelligence work in Iraq in 2002: "there are known knowns… there are known unknowns… but there are also unknown unknowns."1 The "known knowns" of Ceolwulf’s reign are few and far between. All we have to bear witness to the life and legacy of Ceolwulf, the last independent ruler of Mercia, are two charters of his, a few mentions in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as well as two of its likely derivatives, and several dozen coins.2 The few coins we have, particularly examples of Two Emperors type coins from the recent Watlington hoard find, provide material evidence of Ceolwulf’s reign that may be used to corroborate or contravene literary evidence.3 I shall seek to elucidate the history of Ceolwulf that I discern to be most plausible through the lens of his relationships with King Alfred of Wessex and the Vikings. -
The Anglo-Saxon Origins of the West Midlands Shires
THE ANGLO-SAXON ORIGINS OF THE WEST MIDLANDS SHIRES Sheila Waddington Provincial organisation in late Anglo-Saxon England consisted of discrete territories organised to promote both defence and the maintenance of essential public works. In Mercia the territories comprised its shire structure: the regime through which defence, public works, governance, taxation, and administration of justice were undertaken. John Speed’s County Map of Staffordshire, 1611. Mary Evans Picture Library/Mapseeker Publishing Library/Mapseeker Picture 1611. Mary Evans County Map of Staffordshire, John Speed’s Shires and hundreds; Speed’s seventeenth-century map of Staffordshire reveals the units of tenth-century local government. www.historywm.com 19 ANGLO-SAXON ORIGINS OF THE SHIRES he territories which ultimately became Staffordshire, Shropshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, and Herefordshire have Anglo-Saxon origins. A close look at the last three shires Tsuggests the possibility of a territorial organisation dated to the British period, with bounds discernible in the Anglo-Saxon shire structure. The Shire and the Hundred The system of local government which existed over the greater part of England at the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066 had two tiers: the shire and the hundred. There is much debate about when these two structures were first in evidence in the west midlands and the more prevalent view is that they probably originated in Wessex and were later imposed early in the tenth century after the West Saxons annexed western Mercia. Both the terms ‘shire’ and ‘hundred’ are imprecise ones, and their uses, even as late as the Conquest, may be inconsistent. A ‘shire’ was the Old English word for any area of jurisdiction or control carved out of a larger one, and did not refer necessarily to a territory which later became a modern-day county. -
An Early Mercian Hegemony: Penda And
1 An Early Mercian Hegemony: Penda and Overkingship in the Seventh Century The overthrow of Penda meant the end of militant heathenism and the development of civilization in England (Sir Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford, 1943), xvi) The words cited above refer to the death in 655 of Penda, the last king of the Mercians to die a non-Christian. Today Stenton’s judgement of Penda seems both anachronistic and loaded with questionable value judgements. Few if any contemporary scholars would consciously endorse the agenda implicit in his words, yet arguably a modified form of Stenton’s vision of Penda still underpins much of the literature on Mercian hegemony, and indeed on overkingship in general. Overkingship is an aspect of early Anglo-Saxon society which has traditionally attracted much scholarly attention. The mechanisms of these systems - how they were built up, the methods used to maintain them, the reasons for their collapse - have frequently been discussed. 1 One reason for this interest is that English historians historically have been preoccupied with the creation in the tenth century of a single English kingdom, and have looked for its antecedents in the overkingships of the seventh, eighth and ninth centuries. Despite this extensive consideration, Penda has received comparatively little attention. Even scholars writing about Mercian dominance have had little to say about him. Typically, his career is given cursory attention, and writers quickly move on to later, Christian Mercian rulers. While his power is generally acknowledged, he is not treated as an overking of the same order as the Northumbrians Edwin, Oswald and Oswiu.2 Overall, the impression one gets is that Penda’s career was somehow less significant 2 than those of later kings, and that the important aspects of Mercian history begin with his sons Wulfhere and Æthelred. -
The Tribal Hidage Author(S): W
The Tribal Hidage Author(s): W. J. Corbett Source: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, New Series, Vol. 14 (1900), pp. 187-230 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal Historical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3678152 Accessed: 27-06-2016 04:55 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Historical Society, Cambridge University Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Transactions of the Royal Historical Society This content downloaded from 142.66.3.42 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 04:55:52 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE TRIBAL H IDAGE BY W. J. CORBETT, M. A. Read ASiZ I9, I900 THE object of the present paper is to put forward a new theory in explanation of the curious list of old English districts with their hidages, or what purport to be their hidages, which is to be found printed in Birch's Cartularium Saxonicum (vol. i., 414), and to which attention has often been drawn, but most recently by Professor Maitland in his 'Domesday Book and Beyond' (p. 506) under the name of the ' Tribal Hidage.' No less than six versionsl of this list, all essentially similar, but each with its own variations in detail, are known, the most authoritative lrersion, and the one adopted by Professor Maitland, being that contained in the Harleian MS. -
The Baptism of Edwin, King of Northumbria: a New Analysis of the British Tradition
Digital Commons @ George Fox University Faculty Publications - Department of History, Department of History, Politics, and International Politics, and International Studies Studies 2000 The aB ptism of Edwin, King of Northumbria: A New Analysis of the British Tradition Caitlin Corning George Fox University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/hist_fac Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Corning, Caitlin, "The aB ptism of Edwin, King of Northumbria: A New Analysis of the British Tradition" (2000). Faculty Publications - Department of History, Politics, and International Studies. Paper 56. http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/hist_fac/56 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History, Politics, and International Studies at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications - Department of History, Politics, and International Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BAPTISM OF EDWIN, KING OF NORTHUMBRIA: A NEW ANALYSIS OF THE BRITISH TRADITION CAITLIN CORNING* George Fox University, Newberg, Oregon SINCE THE NINTH CENTURY, at the latest, two versions of Edwin's baptism have existed. The more familiar one, found in Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica and the Anonymous Vita Gregorii, claims that Edwin was baptized by Paulinus, a member of the papal mission.' The British sources, however, give a different version of events. The HistoriaBrittonum and the Annates Cambriae record that it was Rhun, son of Urien, who was the baptizer.' An attempt to assess the validity of the British claim is critical because it has important ramifications in the relationship between Northumbria and the Kingdom of Rheged in the early seventh century. -
Saints and Their Function in the Kingdom of Mercia, 650-850
SAINTS AND THEIR FUNCTION IN THE KINGDOM OF MERCIA, 650-850 By WILLIAM MICHAEL FRAZIER Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1995 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December, 1998 SAINTS AND THEIR FUNCTION IN THE KINGDOM OF MERCIA, 650-850 Thesis Approved: Dean ofthe Graduate College ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my advisor, Dr. J. Paul Bischoff, for his guidance throughout the creation ofthis thesis. Without his suggestions and criticisms, I would have never completed a work worth submitting. To Dr Bischoff I also owe thanks for giving me something I have rarely had in my life: a challenge. I would also like to thank my other commi.ttee members, Dr. Eldevik and Dr. Petrin, who gave me many valuable suggestions during the revision ofthe thesis. Any mistakes that remain after their help are without a doubt my own. I truly appreciate the support which the History department extended to me, especially the financial support ofthe Teaching Assistantship I was generously given. To the wonderful people of the interlibrary loan department lowe an enormous debt. I simply could not have completed this work without the many articles and books which they procured for me. I would also like to thank my parents, Ron and Nancy, for their constant support. Anything good that I achieve in this life is a reflection on them. They have made me who I am today. Finally, I would like to extend my greatest appreciation to my wife, Cindy, who has stayed supportive throughout what has seemed an eternity of research and writing.