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The Flowering-Visiting Bees at the Ecological Station of the Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

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The Flowering-Visiting Bees at the Ecological Station of the Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil October - December 2003 565 ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS The Flowering-Visiting Bees at the Ecological Station of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil YASMINE ANTONINI AND ROGÉRIO P. M ARTINS Lab. Ecologia e Comportamento de Insetos, Depto. Biologia Geral, ICB, UFMG. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, C. postal 486, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG Neotropical Entomology 32(4):565-575 (2003) A Fauna de Abelhas e Suas Plantas Hospedeiras na Estação Ecológica da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG RESUMO - Inventariaram-se as espécies de abelhas silvestres da Estação Ecológica do Campus Pampulha da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, que é localizada em uma área intensamente urbanizada. As abelhas foram coletadas de janeiro a dezembro de 1996, quando visitavam plantas floridas. A fauna de abelhas é rica em espécies, mas suas populações têm baixas densidades (350 indivíduos em 98 espécies). A composição em espécies é sazonal (Q = 29,35; gl = 11; P < 0,002), entretanto composição em espécies das plantas floridas não é sazonal (Q = 17.30, gl = 11, P < 0,099). As abelhas visitaram 23 espécies de plantas em 11 famílias. Asteraceae (111 indivíduos de 53 espécies) e Convolvulaceae (88 indivíduos de 26 espécies) foram as mais visitadas. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a abundância de abelhas e o número de plantas floridas (r2 = 0,72; P = 0,0011, n = 12) e entre a riqueza e abundância de plantas floridas (r2 = 0,46; P = 0,010, n = 12). Na área estudada e em outros locais da Região Sudeste, Apidae foi a mais rica e abundante e na Região Sul do Brasil, Halictidae foi a mais rica e abundante. Apesar de circundada por área intensamente urbanizada, a estação ecológica mantém uma apifauna relativamente rica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fauna de abelhas, planta florida, fragmento florestal urbano ABSTRACT - The richness and the composition of bee species at the ecological station of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, was recorded from January to December 1996. The bee fauna of the ecological station is rich (98 species) in low- density populations species (350 individuals). The composition of the bee fauna is seasonal (Q = 29.35, df = 11, P < 0.002), however the composition in flowering plants showed no seasonality (Q = 17.30, df = 11, P < 0,099). The bee species visited 23 flowering plant species from 11 families. Asteraceae (111 individuals in 53 species) and Convolvulaceae (88 individuals in 26 species) were the most visited families. There was a positive relation between bee abundance and the number of flowering plants (r2 = 0.72, P = 0.0011, n = 12) and bee richness and abundance of flowering plants (r2 = 0.46; P = 0.010, n = 12). In the studied area and other sites at Southeastern Brazil, Apidae was the richer and abundant family and Halictidae was the richer and abundant at South Brazil. Despite its localization in a heavily urbanized area, the ecological station supports a rich bee species assembly. KEY WORDS: Bee fauna, flowering plant, fragment of forest The increasing habitat devastation makes studies on Silveira et al. (1993) reported upon species surveys in biodiversity a priority. Except from some relatively well- secondary forests and abandoned pastures at the “Zona da studied bee groups such as the Meliponinae, the biology Mata” of Minas Gerais State. Silveira & Campos (1995) and of most of neotropical bee fauna is poorly known, in spite Carvalho & Bego (1998) sampled some cerrado areas. of its importance for the maintenance of communities of Notwithstanding, many bee species remained unidentified in plants and their pollinators. In the “cerrados”, for instance, these studies because they were probably unclassified about 80% of the plant are pollinated by bees (Gottsberger species (Pinheiro-Machado, 2002). et al. 1988). Except for the surveys performed in Curitiba State (South Bee assemblages and their association with host plants Brazil) (Sakagami et al.1967; Laroca et al. 1982; Bortoli & have been studied in Brazil (see Pinheiro-Machado 2002 for a Laroca 1990, 1997), there are no studies on bees and its revision). Cure et al. (1992, 1993), Silveira & Cure (1993), and associated plants at urban biotopes for others metropolitan 566 Antonini & Martins regions of Brazil. This is the first study on the wild bee of the same species (Cosmus sulphureus Asteraceae, for fauna at an urban biotope from the Metallurgic Zone of instance). In these patches sampling time was increased to Minas Gerais. 30 min. Three sites were sampled: two firewalks in an area dominated by weeds and some shrubs (disturbed area 1 – Material and Methods D1); an open area surrounded by a swamp dominated by Ludwigia spp. (disturbed area 2 – D2) and two firewalks The ecological station of the Universidade Federal de alongside an area of secondary forest. Minas Gerais is located at the Campus-Pampulha, in the Belo Trees higher than 5 m, whose canopy could not be reached Horizonte municipality (19º52’S, 43º58’W). Belo Horizonte is by entomological nets, were excluded from the samples. Apis located at a mean altitude of 930 m, in the boundaries between mellifera L. and Trigona spinipes Fabricius, two very the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado phytogeographical abundant species at the study site, were not captured though provinces. The region is divided by chains of mountains that their occurrence was recorded. Samples were taken from the reach maxima altitudes of 1500 m. In such altitudes, rupestrian flowering plants in which bees had been collected. These fields dominate the landscape. samples were deposited in the herbarium of the Departamento The ecological station has by now been preserved for de Botânica of the UFMG (BHCB). about 50 years. It encompasses forest and “cerrado” In order to compare similarities in species composition vegetation patches, besides other impacted areas dominated among sampled areas, the Renkonen index was used as by weeds, and a swamp area dominated by species of recommended for the cases of small samples (Wolda 1981). Ludwigia (Onagraceae). The trails and firebreaks of the area Standartized bee abundance was expressed by the number are nesting sites for several ground nesting digger wasps of sampled individuals divided by the number of sampling and bees species (Martins & Almeida 1994, Martins & hours (Silveira et al. 1993). The relation between bee Antonini 1994, Martins et al. 1996). abundance and richness of flowering plants was tested by a The regional climate has a well-defined dry and wet linear regression. seasons. During the study period (Jan-Dez, 1996) June and The Q test of Cochran (Zar 1998) was used to test for July were the driest and coldest months, with average seasonality in composition of bee species and the flowering temperatures of 18°C and 19°C, respectively (Fig. 1). plants they visited. In order to detect possible monthly variations in species composition, the Sorensen index of 30 400 similarity was also calculated. A curve of species accumulation Temperature Rainfall was made to show the trend of accumulation of new species. 350 The species list for the ecological station was completed 25 with the inclusion of 24 species collected in the area from 300 1993 to 1995 by members of the Laboratório de Ecologia e C) Rainfall (mm) o 20 ( 250 Comportamento de Insetos (ICB, UFMG), notwithstanding these records were not included in the present analyses. 15 200 The richness and abundance of species in each family, 150 the percentual of bee species and individuals collected in 10 emperature this study was compared to data obtained in Minas Gerais T 100 State, Paraná State and São Paulo State. 5 50 Results 0 0 Bee Diversity. A total of 350 specimens from 98 species, 47 Jan Jun Jul Feb Mar Apr May Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec genera, and five families were collected (Table 1). Eighty-two specimens were collected at disturbed area 1 (D1), 29 at Figure1. Monthly average of temperature and rainfall from disturbed area 2 (D2), and 40 at the forested area. Forty-one January to December of 1996 at the ecological station of out of 98 species occurred in the three areas, 15.2% only in UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. the forested area and D1, 4.34% only in the forested area and D2, and 6.53% only in D1 and D2. The bee fauna was intensively sampled surveyed each Twenty-four different species had been already registered week, from January to December 1996, between 9:00h and in the reference collection from the Laboratório de Ecologia e 15:00h, when most of the species were active. From February Comportamento de Insetos, ICB, adding up to 122 species at to April 1996, samples were done each 15 days due to the the ecological station (Table 1). higher frequency of rainy days, when the frequency of pollen There was a rapid increasing (33) in the number of species and nectar gathering by the bees diminishing. Sampling captured between January and April (Fig. 2). A few new precedure was according to Sakagami et al. (1967). Bees were species were captured monthly until December. Thus, the searched for in flowering plants, caught with entomological cumulative number of species at the area has not stabilized nets, killed in a killer chamber, and stored in individual paper (Fig. 2). There was no difference in the average number of bags. The sampler remained 10 min. close to individual sampled species between rain and dry periods (11 ± 8.5; 5 ± flowering plants, and also in patches in excess of individuals 2; t = 1,69, P > 0.05, gl = 10). October - December 2003 Neotropical Entomology 32(4) 567 Table 1. Number of individuals of bee species collected at the Ecological Station of UFMG from January to December of 1996.
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