As Host of Two Timulla Species (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Biota Neotrop

Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil

Aranda, Rodrigo; Graciolli, Gustavo First report of Exomalopsis fulvofasciata (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) as host of two Timulla species (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) Biota Neotropica, vol. 13, núm. 4, octubre-diciembre, 2013, pp. 382-384 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil

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First report of Exomalopsis fulvofasciata (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) as host of two Timulla species (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

Rodrigo Aranda1,2,3 & Gustavo Graciolli1

1Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS, Cidade Universitária s/n., CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil 3Corresponding author: Rodrigo Aranda, e-mail: [email protected]

ARANDA, R. & GRACIOLLI, G. First report of Exomalopsis fulvofasciata (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) as host of two Timulla species (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Biota Neotrop. (13)4: http://www.biotaneotropica. org.br/v13n4/en/abstract?short-communication+bn02113042013

Abstract: Two species of Timulla Ashmead that parasitize nests of Exomalopsis fulvofasciata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in riparian vegetation in the Miranda Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil were recorded. Also, the behavior of Timulla species, and first report ofT. intermissa in the Brazilian Pantanal was reported. Keywords: parasitoidism, Pantanal, host report, velvet ant, Mutillini.

ARANDA, R. & GRACIOLLI, G. Primeiro registro de Exomalopsis fulvofasciata (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) como hospedeiro de duas espécies de Timulla (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Biota Neotrop. (13)4: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n4/pt/abstract?short-communication+bn02113042013

Resumo: Registramos duas espécies de Timulla Ashmead parasitando ninhos de Exomalopsis fulvofasciata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em mata ciliar na região do Pantanal de Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram observados comportamentos das espécies de Timulla e primeiro registro de T. intermissa para o Pantanal Brasileiro. Palavras-chave: parasitoidismo, Pantanal, registro de hospedeiro, piolho-de-onça, Mutillini.

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Timulla’s host report

Introduction resources for the development of their larvae (Rozen Junior 1984, Norden et al. 1994). Here we observed that females of E. Mutillidae are wasps that parasitize mature larvae or pre-pupae of fulsvofasciata built their nests in open areas with sandy soil, in a other insects, especially other aculeate Hymenoptera (Brothers et al. high concentration of nests: 83% were complete and 17% under 2000). Among the Hymenoptera, their known hosts are Vespidae construction in five plots of 1m2. Timulla females were observed (Polistinae, Eumeninae), seveval Halictinae and Bombinae (Apidae) in this area, entering and staying there for about five minutes in the (Brothers et al. 2000), Sphecidae and Crabronidae (Quintero & complete nests and in those under construction. Cambra 1996, Cambra & Quintero 1993). About 2-3% of Mutillidae Our study shows the first record ofE. fulvofasciata as a potential hosts are known in the world (Brothers 2006). In the Neotropical host of Timulla species. Species of Timulla have already been region, there were an increasing number of records in recent years recorded parasitizing other hymenopterans: Solenopsis invicta Buren, (e.g. Mickel 1969, Yanega 1994, Cunha 2004, Lima et al. 2008, 1972 (Formicidae) (Brothers et al. 2000), Epicharis sp. (Apidae) Bergamaschi et al. 2010, 2011, 2012). (Rocha-Filho et al. 2008) and species of Sphecidae and Eumeninae The mutillid Timulla Ashmead includes species from Africa, (Vespidae) (Quintero & Cambra 1996, Cambra & Quintero 1993). Asia, Australia and islands of Pacific Ocean (Mickel 1938). One Other species of Exomalopis have already been recorded as hosts of hundred sixty-one Neotropical species were described and little is mutillids. Exomalopsis solani Cockerell, 1896, was parasitized by known about their biology and hosts (Cambra & Quintero 1993). Pseudomethoca bethae Krombein, 1992 in Arizona and New Mexico, Most Timulla species have restricted geographic distribution (Mickel USA (Norden et al. 1994) and Horcomutilla sp. in Mato Grosso do 1938) and show high level of host specificity (Wilson 2010). Twenty- Sul, Brazil (Lima et al. 2008). seven Timulla species were described in Brazil (Mickel 1938), with The nests were monitored over six months, but due to Pantanal 12 species recorded in Mato Grosso do Sul state. There is little flood pulses, nest openings were destroyed and the emergence of hosts information on Neotropical Timulla hosts, having records only for and parasitoids could not be monitored, and, thus, it has not been T. centroamericana (Dalla Torre, 1897) (Quintero & Cambra 1996), possible to obtain data on the frequency of parasitism for the species. and T. pictoria Mickel, 1938 (Rocha-Filho et al. 2008). The Timulla The considerable number of Timulla seen upon entering bee nests over fauna is scarcely known in Neotropical region, particularly in the a short time interval indicates that the use of E. fulsvofasciata nests Pantanal, the biggest wetland in the world where only 7 species were in the Pantanal region is not accidental. We consider the behavior recorded (Cresson 1902, Mickel 1938, Aranda & Catian 2008). In this paper we reported the activity of two species of Timulla parasitizing of Timulla females in the nests of E. fulsvofasciata as an evidence nests of Exomalopsis fulvofasciata (Smith, 1879) and a new record of parasitism, however future research is also necessary to better for T. intermissa (Gerstaecker, 1958) in the Brazilian Pantanal. understand the ecological relationships involving these species. Material and Methods References ARANDA, R. & CATIAN, G. 2008. Novos registros de Mutillidae We collected samples in the riparian forest of Miranda River (Hymenoptera-Aculeata) para o Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. (19° 4’ 29.85 ”S, 57° 1’ 9.02” W). The Pantanal is a vast floodplain, Rev. Biocien. 14(1):62-68. of approximately 140,000 km2, which floods in pulses, characterized BERGAMASCHI, A.C.B., CAMBRA, R. & MELO, G.A.R. 2010. Male by dry periods and low water levels. Flooding is considered one the description and host record for Lophomutilla corupa Casal, 1968 most selective forces acting on the biota (Junk et al. 1989). (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with behavioural notes on mating behaviour The species of Mutillidae and bee hosts were manually collected, and host nest attacks. Journ. Nat. Hist. 44(43):2597-2607. http://dx.doi. with the use of forceps and entomological hand net, from 14:00 to org/10.1080/00222933.2010.499574 17:50h on February 23 and 24, in the rainy season of 2011. Bees’ nests BERGAMASCHI, A.C.B., CAMBRA, R. & MELO, G.A.R. 2011. New were located in an area with sparse vegetation and exposed soil. We combinations, sex association, behavioural notes and potential host counted the number of complete nests and those under construction in record for two Neotropical species of Pseudomethoca Ashmead, 1896 five plots of 1m2. Specimens of Timulla (Mutillidae) were identified (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Zootaxa. 3062:55-63. with the use of specific keys (Mickel 1938) and comparison with BERGAMASCHI, A.C.B., CAMBRA, R., BROTHER, D.J. & MELO, type material from the National Museum of the Universidade G.A.R. 2012. Lynchiatilla Casal, 1963 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae):a Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Specimens of E. fulvofasciata were new species from Brazil associated with Paroxystoglossa spiloptera identified by comparison of deposited material from the Zoological Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Halictinae), and notes on other species. Reference Collection of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Zootaxa. 3548:55-64. do Sul (CEUFMS1936-1940), in Campo Grande identified by Dr. BROTHERS, D.J. 2006. Família Mutillidae. In Introducíón a los Hymenoptera Samuel Viera Boff. The specimens were deposited in the Zoological de la región Neotropical (F. Fernandes & M.J. Sharkey, eds.). Sociedad Reference Collection of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Colombiana de Entomología, p.565-583. Sul (CEUFMS 2785-2790, 2797-2803). BROTHERS, D.J., TSCHUCH, G. & BURGER, F. 2000. Associations of mutillid wasps (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with eusocial insects. Insectes Results and Discussion soc. 47:201-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001704 CAMBRA, T.R.A. & QUINTERO, A. 1993. Studies of Timulla Ashmead Two species of Timulla that parasitize Exomalopsis fulvofasciata (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae):New distribution records and synonymies, nests were collected, as follows: 20 individuals of Timulla terminalis and descriptions of previously unknown allotype. Pan-Pac. Entomol. (Gerstaecker, 1958), and 6 individuals of Timulla intermissa Mickel, 69:299-313. 1938, parasitizing E. fulvofasciata nests. Timulla intermissa has been CRESSON, E.T. 1902. Descriptions of some Mutilla from Brazil. Trans. Am. recorded for the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes (Mickel 1938, Entomol. Soc. 28:1-82. Aranda & Catian 2008) and our study reports for the first time this CUNHA, R. 2004. Monoeca xanthopyga (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, species in Pantanal floodplain. Tapinotaspidini), primeiro registro de hospedeiro para parasitóide do Exomalopsis Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Anthophorinae) gênero Traumatomutilla (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) na Serra Geral do are solitary bees that nest in the soil, where individuals provide Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Acta Scien. 6(2):35-40. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n4/en/abstract?short-communication+bn02113042013 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br 384 Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 4

Aranda, R. & Graciolli, G.

JUNK, W.J., BAYLEY, P.B. & SPARKS, R.E. 1989. The flood pulse concept LIMA, F.V.O., SILVESTRE, R., ARANDA, R. & BALESTIERI, J.B.P. 2008. in river-floodplain systems. Aquat. Sci. 106:110-127. Ocorrência de parasitismo em Exomalopsis aureopilosa Spinola, 1853 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) por Horcomutilla sp. Casal, 1962 (Hymenoptera, MICKEL, C.E. 1938. The Neotropical mutillid wasps of the genus Timulla Mutillidae). In VIII Encontro sobre Abelhas - Biodiversidade e Uso Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. Sustentável. 87:529-680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1938.tb00728.x ROCHA-FILHO, L.C., SILVA, C.I., GAGLIOANONE, M.C. & AUGUSTO, MICKEL, C.E. 1969. Pseudomethoca Willei N. Sp. Reared from Cells of S.C. 2008. Nesting behavior and natural enemies of Epicharis (Epicharis) the Bee Lasioglossum (Dialictus) umbripenne (Ellis) (Hymenoptera: bicolor Smith 1854 (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Trop. Zool. 21:227-242. Mutillidae; Apoidea). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 42(4):524-526. ROZEN JUNIOR, J.G. 1984. Comparative nesting biology of the bee tribe NORDEN, B.B., KROMBEIN, K.V. & BATRA, S.W.T. 1994. Nests Exomalopsini (Apoidea, Anthophoridae). Am. Mus. Novit. 2798:1-37. and enemies of Exomalopsis (Phanamalopsis) solani Cockerell WILSON, J.S. 2010. Historical Biogeography of Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Mutillidae; Diptera: Asilidae). Proc. Entomol. Mutillidae) in the North American Deserts and Arid Lands. PhD Thesis, Soc. Wash. 96(2):350-356. Utah State University, Utah. QUINTERO, D. & CAMBRA, R.A. 1996. Timulla centroamericana (Dalla YANEGA, D. 1994. Arboreal, Ant-Mimicking Mutillid Wasps, Pappognatha; Torre) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), a parasitoid of Liris (Hymenoptera: Parasites of Neotropical Euglossa (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae and Apidae). Sphecidae). Southwest. Entomol. 21(2):205-207. Biotropica 26(4):465-468. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389242

Received 08/14/2012 Revised 10/21/2013 Accepted 11/12/2013

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