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Weißling (LEPTIDEA MORSEI) Kurzcharakteristik

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Weißling (LEPTIDEA MORSEI) Kurzcharakteristik ÖSTLICHER SENF- WEIßLING (LEPTIDEA MORSEI) Kurzcharakteristik • 4-5 cm Flügelspannweite • Flügel weiß mit schwarz-grauen Makeln • Sexual- und Saisonaldimorphismus • 2 Generationen (Frühjahr und Sommer) • Falter saugen an nektarreichen Blüten • Männliche Falter auch an feuchten Bodenstellen www.lepiforum.de Hohe Verwechslungsgefahr Leptidea juvernica Leptidea sinapis Leptidea morsei (Williams, 1946) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fenton, 1882) Fotos: www.lepiforum.de Raupenfutterpflanze • Schwärzenden Platterbse (Lathyrus niger) • Eiablage im Waldesinneren • einzeln • im Schatten https://flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/ Raupenfutterpflanze: Ei, Raupe Foto: Gascoigne-Pees et al. 2008 Habitat • Lichte, warme, trockene Eichenwälder • Kleine Lichtungen, Waldränder, schmale Ränder von Forstwegen Foto: Höttinger 2004 Foto: Gascoigne-Pees et al. 2008 Verbreitung und Gefährdung Rote Liste Österreich: Stark gefährdet ( Höttinger & Pennerstorfer 2005) Rote Liste FFH: Erhaltungszustand in Ö Ungünstig – unzureichend (2013) Höttinger 2004 Gefährdungsursachen • Habitatfragmentierung und Isolation von besiedelten bzw. potentiellen Habitaten • Änderung und Intensivierung der Waldnutzung (Hochwald-, Kahlschlagwirtschaft) • Verdunkelung der Waldhabitate und Aufforstung mit gebietsfremden Baumarten • Herbiziden, Insektiziden Förderliche forstliche Maßnahmen • Nieder- und Mittelwaldbewirtschaftung (Lichte, strukturreiche und niedrigwüchsige Eichen-Hainbuchenwälder) • Räumlich - zeitlich differenzierte Bewirtschaftung - Mosaik unterschiedlicher Waldentwicklungsstadien • kleinflächige Nutzung und frühzeitige Durchforstung • Herstellen von einem Netzwerk zusammenhängender Populationen • Erhalt der Lebensraumtypen und vermeiden einer Veränderung der Baumartenzusammensetzung ESCHEN- SCHECKENFALTER (EUPHYDRYAS MATURNA) Kurzcharakteristik • Dunkelbraun-schwarze Flügeloberseite • Flügelunterseite fuchsrot/ziegelrot • 1 Generation pro Jahr (von Mai bis August) • Falter saugen an nektarreichen Blüten • Männchen auch an feuchtem Boden, Kot, Aas Raupenfutterpflanze • In Österreich v.a. Gewöhnliche Esche (Fraxinus excelsior); z.T. auch Liguster (Ligustrum vulgare) • Eiablage auf Blattunterseite (Eigelege) • Eiablagestellen: windgeschützte, gut besonnte Eschenzweige in feucht- warmem Kleinklima Quelle: www.lfl.bayern.de Raupenfutterpflanze: Eigelege, Raupengespinst & Raupe Quelle: www.lfu.bayern.de Quelle: www.lepiforum.de Quelle: www.lepiforum.de Habitat • Eschenreiche, lichte, feucht-warme Laubwälder • Freiflächen (u.a. Waldwiesen, Schneisen, Lichtungen, Wegsäume) • Nektarpflanzen für Falter © Geyer & Dolek • Intakte Krautschicht Verbreitung & Gefährdung Rote Liste Österreich Stark gefährdet (2005) Rote Liste FFH Erhaltungszustand in Ö Ungünstig-schlecht (2013) Verbreitungsschwerpunkte: Ober-, Niederösterreich, Salzburg, Burgenland, Steiermark Vertikal bis ca. 1000 m vorkommend Gefährdungsursachen • Habitatfragmentierung und Isolation von besiedelten bzw. potentiellen Habitaten • Änderung und Intensivierung der Waldnutzung (Hochwald-, Kahlschlagwirtschaft) • Beseitigung strukturreicher Waldsäume, Intensivierung von Wiesen • Aufforstung von Waldwiesen, Schneisen, kleinen Lichtungen • Eschentriebssterben Förderliche Maßnahmen • Naturnahe, extensive Waldwirtschaft in bestehenden Lebensräumen (lichte, strukturreiche, mosaikartig bewirtschaftete Laubwälder) • Gesunde, exponiert stehende Eschen schonen (Eiablagebäume!) • Wiederaufforstung mit Eschen entlang von Waldrandstrukturen • Schaffen/Erhalten von Freiflächen im Waldbestand (Mosaik) • Extensive Pflege von Waldwiesen, Weg- und Waldrändern Bildquellen: Internet: www.lepiforum.de www.flora.nhm-wien.ac.at www.lfl.bayern.de Literatur: Gascoigne-Pees, M., Trew, D., Pateman, J., & Verovnik, R. (2008). The distribution, life cycle, ecology and present status of Leptidea morsei (Fenton 1882) in Slovenia with additional observations from Romania (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Neue Folge, 29, 113-121 Höttinger, H. (2004). Verbreitung, Ökologie, Gefährdung und Schutz des Senf-Weißlings Leptidea morsei (FENTON, 1881) in Österreich, insbesondere im Burgenland (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Joannea Zoologie, 6, 187-206. Personen: Nigel Peace Rudi Verovnik VIELEN DANK FÜR DIE AUFMERKSAMKEIT.
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