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A Solution for Universal Classification of Species Based on Genomic
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Plant Genomics Volume 2007, Article ID 27894, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2007/27894 Research Article A Solution for Universal Classification of Species Based on Genomic DNA Mariko Kouduka,1 Daisuke Sato,1 Manabu Komori,1 Motohiro Kikuchi,2 Kiyoshi Miyamoto,3 Akinori Kosaku,3 Mohammed Naimuddin,1, 4 Atsushi Matsuoka,5 and Koichi Nishigaki1, 6 1 Department of Functional Materials Science, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan 2 Chitose Salmon Aquarium Chitose, Youth Educational Foundation, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan 3 Institute of Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan 4 Biol. Res. and Functions, National Inst. AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 5 Department of Geology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 6 Rational Evolutionary Design of Advanced Biomolecules, Saitama Small Enterprise Promotion Corporation, SKIP City, Saitama, Japan Received 22 July 2006; Revised 8 October 2006; Accepted 8 October 2006 Recommended by Cheng-Cang Wu Traditionally, organisms have been classified on the basis of their phenotype. Recently, genotype-based classification has become possible through the development of sequencing technology. However, it is still difficult to apply sequencing approaches to the analysis of a large number of species due to the cost and labor. In most biological fields, the analysis of complex systems compris- ing various species has become an important theme, demanding an effective method for handling a vast number of species. In this paper, we have demonstrated, using plants, fish, and insects, that genome profiling, a compact technology for genome analysis, can classify organisms universally. Surprisingly, in all three of the domains of organisms tested, the phylogenetic trees generated from the phenotype topologically matched completely those generated from the genotype. -
Révision Taxinomique Et Nomenclaturale Des Rhopalocera Et Des Zygaenidae De France Métropolitaine
Direction de la Recherche, de l’Expertise et de la Valorisation Direction Déléguée au Développement Durable, à la Conservation de la Nature et à l’Expertise Service du Patrimoine Naturel Dupont P, Luquet G. Chr., Demerges D., Drouet E. Révision taxinomique et nomenclaturale des Rhopalocera et des Zygaenidae de France métropolitaine. Conséquences sur l’acquisition et la gestion des données d’inventaire. Rapport SPN 2013 - 19 (Septembre 2013) Dupont (Pascal), Demerges (David), Drouet (Eric) et Luquet (Gérard Chr.). 2013. Révision systématique, taxinomique et nomenclaturale des Rhopalocera et des Zygaenidae de France métropolitaine. Conséquences sur l’acquisition et la gestion des données d’inventaire. Rapport MMNHN-SPN 2013 - 19, 201 p. Résumé : Les études de phylogénie moléculaire sur les Lépidoptères Rhopalocères et Zygènes sont de plus en plus nombreuses ces dernières années modifiant la systématique et la taxinomie de ces deux groupes. Une mise à jour complète est réalisée dans ce travail. Un cadre décisionnel a été élaboré pour les niveaux spécifiques et infra-spécifique avec une approche intégrative de la taxinomie. Ce cadre intégre notamment un aspect biogéographique en tenant compte des zones-refuges potentielles pour les espèces au cours du dernier maximum glaciaire. Cette démarche permet d’avoir une approche homogène pour le classement des taxa aux niveaux spécifiques et infra-spécifiques. Les conséquences pour l’acquisition des données dans le cadre d’un inventaire national sont développées. Summary : Studies on molecular phylogenies of Butterflies and Burnets have been increasingly frequent in the recent years, changing the systematics and taxonomy of these two groups. A full update has been performed in this work. -
Data-Driven Identification of Potential Zika Virus Vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad a Dallas1,3, Barbara a Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8
RESEARCH ARTICLE Data-driven identification of potential Zika virus vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad A Dallas1,3, Barbara A Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8 1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 2Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 3Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, Davis, United States; 4Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, United States; 5Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 6Center for Tropical Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 7Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 8River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States Abstract Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens. We suggest that empirical studies prioritize these species to confirm predictions of vector competence, enabling the correct identification of populations at risk for transmission within the United States. *For correspondence: mvevans@ DOI: 10.7554/eLife.22053.001 uga.edu Competing interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist. -
Life History Notes on the No-Brand Grass-Yellow, Eurema Brigitta Australis (Stoll, 1780) Lepidoptera: Pieridae - Wesley Jenkinson
Life history notes on the No-brand Grass-yellow, Eurema brigitta australis (Stoll, 1780) Lepidoptera: Pieridae - Wesley Jenkinson The No-brand Grass-yellow is encountered in the Northern Territory, and coastal and sub-coastal regions from north-eastern Queensland into southern New South Wales. Migration of this species occurs throughout its range depending on regional rainfall, temperature and suitable availability of its host plants. In Queensland the species is encountered in a variety of habitats where the host plants are established. This includes grasslands, woodland, eucalypt open forest and occasionally in suburban gardens where suitable habitat is nearby. The adults fly close to the ground amongst low growing herbs and grasses. When disturbed they can fly quite rapidly and can be difficult to follow. During cloudy conditions they settle on low growing shrubs and ground cover and resume flight when sunny conditions return. Both sexes occasionally feed from a variety of small native and introduced flowers. Whilst in flight, the adults can be very easily confused with other species of the Eurema genus, particularly E. herla and E. laeta. Voucher specimens are best for correct identification. The males of this species do not have a sex brand (as the name implies). In fresh specimens the adults can be separated from other Eurema spp. by the presence of two very faint pale yellow (or pinkish yellow) streaks along the costal margin towards the forewing apex as pictured. The species also has wet and dry season forms. The sexes are quite similar in appearance. In comparison to the males, the females are slightly paler yellow with more extensive black scaling across the wings. -
Error-Robust Nature of Genome Profiling Applied for Clustering of Species Demonstrated by Computer Simulation
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Bioengineering and Life Sciences Vol:1, No:5, 2007 Error-Robust Nature of Genome Profiling Applied for Clustering of Species Demonstrated by Computer Simulation Shamim Ahmed and Koichi Nishigaki factors [4], and the insufficiency in the number of experts [5]. Abstract—Genome profiling (GP), a genotype based technology, Recently, genotype-based approach has become possible which exploits random PCR and temperature gradient gel owing to the development of sequencing technology. electrophoresis, has been successful in identification/classification of organisms. In this technology, spiddos (Species identification dots) However, it is still difficult to apply sequencing approaches to and PaSS (Pattern similarity score) were employed for measuring the the analysis of a large number of species due to logistic closeness (or distance) between genomes. Based on the closeness reason. In most biological fields, the analysis of complex (PaSS), we can buildup phylogenetic trees of the organisms. We systems comprising various species has been an important noticed that the topology of the tree is rather robust against the experimental fluctuation conveyed by spiddos. This fact was theme, demanding an effective method for handling a vast confirmed quantitatively in this study by computer-simulation, number of species. A realistic solution to these problems has providing the limit of the reliability of this highly powerful been to characterize organisms according to the sequence of methodology. As a result, we could demonstrate the effectiveness of their small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S/18S rRNA), an the GP approach for identification/classification of organisms. approach that has been applied to various organisms, initiated Keywords—Fluctuation, Genome profiling (GP), Pattern by Woese and his collaborators [6]~[8]. -
Final Report for the University of Nottingham / Operation Wallacea Forest Projects, Honduras 2004
FINAL REPORT for the University of Nottingham / Operation Wallacea forest projects, Honduras 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS FINAL REPORT FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM / OPERATION WALLACEA FOREST PROJECTS, HONDURAS 2004 .....................................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................................3 List of the projects undertaken in 2004, with scientists’ names .........................................................................4 Forest structure and composition ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Bat diversity and abundance ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Bird diversity, abundance and ecology ............................................................................................................................ 4 Herpetofaunal diversity, abundance and ecology............................................................................................................. 4 Invertebrate diversity, abundance and ecology ................................................................................................................ 4 Primate behaviour........................................................................................................................................................... -
3 Informe Sobre Las Mariposas Diurnas En Los
Mariposas diurnas del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid – CSIC Octubre 2018 Textos: Irene Gómez Undiano Diego Gil Tapetado Sandra Grzechnik Elvira Caro Francisco J. Cabrero Fotografías: Biodiversidad Virtual (www.biodiversidadvirtual.org) Muestreos realizados principalmente por: Irene Gómez & Patricia Martínez El Grupo de Seguimiento de Biodiversidad UCM (Entomofauna) lo componen (curso 2017‐2018): Francisco J. Cabrero Roberto Cañizares Elvira Caro Patricia Durán Pablo de la Fuente Diego Gil Tapetado Irene Gómez Undiano Sandra Grzechnik Alba Gutiérrez Diego López Índice 1. Las mariposas diurnas como bioindicadores de la Biodiversidad a. ¿Qué es un indicador? b. ¿Qué es un bioindicador o indicador biológico? c. ¿Para qué sirve un bioindicador? d. Características generales que debe tener un organismo para ser bioindicador e. Los Lepidópteros como bioindicadores f. Antecedentes en el RJBM‐CSIC 2. Programa de seguimiento de mariposas diurnas en el RJBM‐CSIC a. Metodología b. Esfuerzo de muestreo 3. Inventario provisional y potencial de mariposas diurnas en el RJBM‐CSIC a. Listado b. Fichas c. Fenología 4. Listado de relaciones entre plantas nutricias y especies de mariposas diurnas poten‐ cialmente presentes en el RJBM‐CSIC a. Listado de plantas nutricias por mariposas b. Listado de mariposas por plantas nutricias 5. Estado de conservación de las mariposas diurnas del RJBM‐CSIC 6. Propuestas de mejora de las poblaciones de mariposas diurnas a. Análisis DAFO b. Medidas para la conservación o mejora de la comunidad de mariposas diurnas 7. Referencias bibliográficas Anexo 1. Las mariposas diurnas como bioindicadores de la Biodiversidad La biodiversidad es posiblemente uno de los elementos más dinámicos del ecosistema urbano. Esto implica que precisa de acciones de conservación continuas, que deben ser evaluadas continuamen‐ te, puesto que los cambios pueden verse reflejados en un tiempo relativamente corto. -
Bestiary of the Realms: Volume 2
Bestiary of the Realms: Volume 2 by Thomas M. Costa and Eric L. Boyd Art by Noëlle Triaureau Editorial assistance from Joe “Warlockco” Weber A NOTE FROM THE AUTHORS Welcome to volume two of the Bestiary of the Realms. As this is our second volume, you’ll find several score new or converted monsters, as well as a few different interpretations of monsters that have already been converted. A word of caution, just as many official 3E and 3.5E monsters did not slavishly follow earlier write-ups of those monsters, neither do the monsters herein. Instead, we did our best to consider all sources, hopefully make full and creative use of the 3.5E rules (including non-core WotC books), and in many cases add a little bit here and there to many of the monsters, even if it was in only adding or updating their Realms lore. A few have even been renamed. One last note, we’ve done our best to include source references for all things where appropriate, except those found in the three core rulebooks or Expanded Psionics Handbook. Until then, Sword High! – Thomas M. Costa and Eric L. Boyd ABOUT THE AUTHORS Thomas M. Costa is a senior analyst with the Government Accountability Office. He has been a contributor to several Wizards of the Coast products including Demihuman Deities and Races of Faerûn, and is the author of several Dragon Magazine and Wizards of the Coast website articles. He can be reached at [email protected]. Eric L. Boyd is a software designer and freelance game designer. -
Check-List of the Butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in Western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea)
Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 25 (4): 161–174 (2004) 161 Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) Lars Kühne, Steve C. Collins and Wanja Kinuthia1 Lars Kühne, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; email: [email protected] Steve C. Collins, African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya Dr. Wanja Kinuthia, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: All species of butterflies recorded from the Kaka- list it was clear that thorough investigation of scientific mega Forest N.R. in western Kenya are listed for the first collections can produce a very sound list of the occur- time. The check-list is based mainly on the collection of ring species in a relatively short time. The information A.B.R.I. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Furthermore records from the collection of the National density is frequently underestimated and collection data Museum of Kenya (Nairobi), the BIOTA-project and from offers a description of species diversity within a local literature were included in this list. In total 491 species or area, in particular with reference to rapid measurement 55 % of approximately 900 Kenyan species could be veri- of biodiversity (Trueman & Cranston 1997, Danks 1998, fied for the area. 31 species were not recorded before from Trojan 2000). Kenyan territory, 9 of them were described as new since the appearance of the book by Larsen (1996). The kind of list being produced here represents an information source for the total species diversity of the Checkliste der Tagfalter des Kakamega-Waldschutzge- Kakamega forest. -
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers OVERVIEW OF FOREST PESTS INDONESIA January 2007 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/19E Forest Management Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department Overview of forest pests - Indonesia DISCLAIMER The aim of this document is to give an overview of the forest pest1 situation in Indonesia. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © FAO 2007 1 Pest: Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO, 2004). ii Overview of forest pests - Indonesia TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Forest pests...................................................................................................................... 1 Naturally regenerating forests..................................................................................... 1 Insects ..................................................................................................................... 1 Diseases.................................................................................................................. -
Butterflies of the Family Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the Frio River Basin, Northeastern Andes of Santander, Colombia
www.biotaxa.org/rce. ISSN 0718-8994 (online) Revista Chilena de Entomología (2020) 46 (3): 533-543. Research Article Butterflies of the family Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the Frio river basin, northeastern Andes of Santander, Colombia Mariposas de la familia Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) de la cuenca de río Frío, nororiente de los Andes de Santander, Colombia Alfonso Villalobos-Moreno1 , Néstor Cepeda-Olave2 , Julián A. Salazar-Escobar3 and Juan Carlos Agudelo-Martínez4 1Director Grupo de Investigaciones Entomológicas y Ambientales-GENA. Calle 91 No. 22-104 Apto 403, Bucaramanga, Colombia. 2Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales – GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. 3Museo de Historia Natural. Universidad de Caldas. 4Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Orinoquia. [email protected], [email protected] ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: B0867E70-05C2-4D9B-9CB4-24E3C19628D7 https://doi.org/10.35249/rche.46.3.20.20 Abstract. The sample was collected during the Characterization of wild Entomofauna of the Frio river basin jurisdiction of CDMB, in secondary forests in an altitudinal gradient from 1,000 to 2,911 masl. 79 specimens of the family Pieridae were collected, belonging to 13 genera of which Leptophobia had 5 species, and Catasticta and Eurema had 3 species each. We obtained 22 species distributed in six sampling locations, where the highest richness of species was in Diviso Experimental Center with 12 species and Esperanza Experimental Center with 10. The analysis of the inventory quality showed a potential richness of 32.81 species, a proportion of the observed species of 67.05% and a sampling effort of 76.41%. The comparison of inventories for each locality showed a certain similarity between La Nevera, La Mariana and La Judia, and fewer similarities with El Diviso. -
PERBANDINGAN POLA PELETAKKAN TELUR KUPU-KUPU Eurema Blanda (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) PADA DUA SPESIES TANAMAN PAKAN LARVA DI TAMAN KUPU-KUPU GITA PERSADA
Jurnal Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati Vol.1 / Gindhi,3 No. 2 November E. O., Soekardi, 2016 : hal. H., 39- 44Nukmal, N. ISSN : 2338-4344 PERBANDINGAN POLA PELETAKKAN TELUR KUPU-KUPU Eurema blanda (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) PADA DUA SPESIES TANAMAN PAKAN LARVA DI TAMAN KUPU-KUPU GITA PERSADA THE COMPARISON OF BUTTERFLY’S EGG LAYING PATTERN ON TWO SPECIES OF LARVAE’S FEED PLANTS IN GITA PERSADA BUTTERFLY PARK Erika Oktavia Gindhi1*, Herawati Soekardi1, Nismah Nukmal1 1Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Lampung *[email protected] ABSTRAK Eurema blanda merupakan kupu-kupu dari famili Pieridae yang memiliki warna kuning dan bintik coklat pada sayapnya yang merupakan ciri khas dari kupu-kupu tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan pola peletakan telur E.blanda pada dua macam tanaman pakan larva. Dua spesies tanaman pakan yang di gunakan yaitu tanaman kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensis) dan tanaman ketepeng (Cassia alata). Penelitian ini di lakukan di Taman Kupu–kupu Gita Persada yang terletak di Gunung Betung, Kemiling, Bandar Lampung, Provinsi Lampung, yang di lakukan pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2016. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu eksperimen dengan menggunakan 2 macam tanaman pakan larva yang masing-masing 10 polybag di letakkan berkelompok pada kandang penangkaran. Analisis data di lakukan dengan cara deskriptif kuantitatif dan uji independent samples test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kupu-kupu E. blanda meletakkan telur-telurnya secara berkelompok di daun termuda pada kedua tanaman pakan larvanya. Kelompok telur yang terdapat pada tanaman kaliandra dan tanaman ketepeng berbeda nyata (p = 0,007) setelah di uji menggunakan uji T. Kelompok telur pada kaliandra yaitu 1-3 kelompok dengan rata-rata jumlah telur per kelompok yaitu 31,50 ± 6,85 butir sedangkan pada tanaman ketepeng 1-2 kelompok dengan rata-rata jumlah telurnya yaitu 40,84 ± 11,02 butir.