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Air Quality Trends and Action Plan for Control of Air Pollution from Seventeen Cities

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NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING SERIES : NAAQMS/29/2006-07 Air Quality Trends and Action Plan for Control of Air Pollution from Seventeen Cities CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS Website: www.cpcb.nic.in e-mail: [email protected] September 2006 Air Quality Trends and Action Plan for Control of Air Pollution from Seventeen Cities FOREWORD COVER PAGE PERSONNEL INVOLVED CONTENTS FULL TEXT FOREWORD Urbanisation in India is more rapid in and around National Capital as well as the State Capitals and, over the years, these cities have become major centers for commerce, industry and education. Enormous increase in number of vehicles has resulted in increased emission of air pollutants and, as a result, levels of air pollutants such as respirable suspended particulate matter are found to exceed the prescribed standards in these cities. The Honorable Supreme Court has also identified sixteen cities in addition to Delhi for which action plans are being formulated and implemented to control air pollution. An attempt has been made in this report to address the pollution problem in these seventeen cities namely Agra, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Faridabad, Hyderabad, Jharia, Jodhpur, Kanpur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Patna, Pune, Solapur and Varanasi. Trends of air pollutants are determined to find the effects of various actions taken so far to control air pollution. Action plans as developed by respective State Governments have also been covered. I am thankful to my colleagues Dr. B. Sengupta, Member Secretary, Dr. R.C. Trivedi, Additional Director and Sh. Naresh Badhwar, Environmental Engineer and Ms. Meetu Puri, SRF for their contribution in preparation of this report. We hope the report will be useful to all concerned with air quality management in the country. (V. Rajagopalan) Chairman Central Pollution Control Board PERSONNEL INVOLVED GUIDANCE, REPORT REVIEW AND DR. B. SENGUPTA FINALISATION SH. T. VENUGOPAL COORDINATION, SUPERVISION & REVIEW DR. R.C. TRIVEDI REPORT PREPARATION SH. NARESH BADHWAR MS. MEETU PURI ACTION PLAN SH PARITOSH KUMAR SH D.S. KHARAT SH RAJESH DEBROY MS MEETU PURI METEOROLOGICAL DATA SH M.N. MOHANAN DATA COLLECTION, COMPILATION & SH. NARESH BADHWAR SCRUTINIZATION SH A.K. SINHA SH. YATINDRA N. MISHRA SH. TARUN DARBARI SH VASU TIWARI MS K. HARIPRIYA SH BHARMANA MALVI MS GARIMA DUBLISH DATA ENTRY, CHECKING & STORAGE SH. TARUN DARBARI SH BHARMANA MALVI MS GARIMA DUBLISH SH. R.D. SWAMI SH. MANOJ KR. SINGH ADDITIONAL POLLUTANTS IN DELHI & DR. S.D. MAKHIJANI MONITORING AT AGRA SH. GURNAM SINGH DR. DIPANKAR SAHA DR. R.C. SRIVASTAVA DR. S. PHILIP SH. M. SATHEESH KUMAR SH S.K. SINGH SH. DHARMENDRA GUPTA SH. V.P. SINGH DR. Y.K. SAXENA DR. PUJA KHARE SH. FASIUR REHMAN SH. ASHWANI KUMAR SH. ABDUR RAFIQUE SH. BHOMA RAM SH. DEEPAK GAUTAM SH. RAI SINGH SH. MUKESH KUMAR SH. SATPAL SINGH SH. HEMENDRA ROAT MS. AMRITA GUPTA SH. NARESH CHAUDHRY CONTENTS Section Title Page No. No. 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 2 1.2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 2 2.0 Air Quality Monitoring 4 2.1 National Air Quality Monitoring Programme 4 (N.A.M.P.) 2.1.1 Objectives 4 2.1.2 Monitoring Locations and Parameters 4 2.2 Non-attainment Areas 5 2.3 Recommendations of the Auto Fuel Policy Report 6 3.0 Action Plans 17 3.1 Guidelines for Preparation of Action Plans for 18 Control of Air Pollution 3.1.1 Constitution of Working Groups and Development of 20 Working Strategy for Action Plan Preparation 3.2 Action Plan 21 3.3 Constitution of Committees for Surveillance 22 4.0 Agra 23 4.1 Sources of Air Pollution 25 4.2 Ambient Air Quality 25 4.2.1 Violation of NAAQS ( 24 hourly average) 26 4.2.2 Air Quality in terms of Low, Moderate, High and 26 Critical Levels 4.2.3 Air Quality Trends in Agra 26 4.2.4 Meteorological Issues 26 4.3 Action Plan for the Control of Air Pollution for the 28 City of Agra 4.3.1 Action Taken so far 28 4.3.2 Proposed Action Plan 29 4.4 Findings 31 5.0 Ahmedabad 32 5.1 Sources of Air Pollution 32 5.2 Ambient Air Quality 33 5.2.1 Violation of NAAQS ( 24 hourly average) 33 i Section Title Page No. No. 5.2.2 Air Quality in terms of Low, Moderate, High and 33 Critical Levels 5.2.3 Air Quality Trends in Ahmedabad 33 5.2.4 Meteorological Issues 36 5.3 Action Plan for the Control of Air Pollution for the 36 City of Ahmedabad 5.3.1 Action Taken so far 36 5.4 Findings 40 6.0 Bangalore 42 6.1 Sources of Air Pollution 43 6.2 Ambient Air Quality 44 6.2.1 Violation of NAAQS ( 24 hourly average) 44 6.2.2 Air Quality in terms of Low, Moderate, High and 44 Critical Levels 6.2.3 Air Quality Trends in Bangalore 44 6.2.4 Meteorological Issues 47 6.3 Action Plan for the Control of Air Pollution for the 48 City of Bangalore 6.3.1 Action Taken so far 48 6.3.2 Proposed Action Plan within the Outer Ring Roads 50 Limits of Bangalore 6.4 Findings 50 7.0 Chennai 52 7.1 Sources of Air Pollution 52 7.2 Ambient Air Quality 54 7.2.1 Air Quality in terms of Low, Moderate, High and 54 Critical Levels 7.2.2 Air Quality Trends in Chennai 54 7.2.3 Meteorological Issues 57 7.3 Action Plan for the Control of Air Pollution for the 58 City of Chennai 7.3.1 Action Taken so far 58 7.3.2 Proposed Action Plan 59 7.4 Findings 60 8.0 Delhi 61 8.1 Sources of Air Pollution 61 8.2 Ambient Air Quality 64 8.2.1 Violation of NAAQS ( 24 hourly average) 64 8.2.2 Air Quality in terms of Low, Moderate, High and 64 Critical Levels 8.2.3 Air Quality Trends in Delhi 65 ii Section Title Page No. No. 8.2.4 Additional Pollutants Monitored in Delhi 65 8.2.5 Meteorological Issues 68 8.3 Action Plan for the Control of Air Pollution for the 72 City of Delhi 8.3.1 Action Taken so far 72 8.3.2 Proposed Action Plan 76 8.4 Findings 78 9.0 Faridabad 80 9.1 Sources of Air Pollution 81 9.2 Ambient Air Quality 81 9.2.1 Violation of NAAQS ( 24 hourly average) 81 9.2.2 Air Quality in terms of Low, Moderate, High and 81 Critical Levels 9.2.3 Air Quality Trends in Faridabad 81 9.3 Action Plan for the Control of Air Pollution for the 83 City of Faridabad 9.3.1 Action Taken so far 83 9.3.2 Proposed Action Plan 85 9.4 Findings 86 10.0 Hyderabad 87 10.1 Sources of Air Pollution 87 10.2 Ambient Air Quality 87 10.2.1 Violation of NAAQS ( 24 hourly average) 88 10.2.2 Air Quality in terms of Low, Moderate, High and 88 Critical Levels 10.2.3 Air Quality Trends in Hyderabad 88 10.2.4 Meteorological Issues 91 10.3 Action Plan for the Control of Air Pollution for the 92 City of Hyderabad 10.3.1 Action Taken so far 92 10.3.2 Proposed Action Plan 93 10.4 Findings 94 11.0 Jharia 95 11.1 Sources of Air Pollution 95 11.2 Ambient Air Quality 97 11.2.1 Violation of NAAQS ( 24 hourly average) 97 11.2.2 Air Quality in terms of Low, Moderate, High and 97 Critical Levels 11.2.3 Air Quality Trends in Jharia 98 11.2.4 Meteorological Issues 98 iii Section Title Page No. No. 11.3 Action Plan for the Control of Air Pollution for the 98 City of Dhanbad-Jharia 11.3.1 Action Plan Proposed 98 11.4 Findings 102 12.0 Jodhpur 103 12.1 Sources of Air Pollution 104 12.2 Ambient Air Quality 104 12.2.1 Violation of NAAQS ( 24 hourly average) 104 12.2.2 Air Quality in terms of Low, Moderate, High and 104 Critical Levels 12.2.3 Air Quality Trends in Jodhpur 105 12.2.4 Meteorological Issues 105 12.3 Action Plan for the Control of Air Pollution for the 108 City of Jodhpur 12.3.1 Action Taken so far 108 12.3.2 Proposed Action Plan 109 12.4 Findings 110 13.0 Kanpur 111 13.1 Sources of Air Pollution 111 13.2 Ambient Air Quality 112 13.2.1 Violation of NAAQS ( 24 hourly average) 112 13.2.2 Air Quality in terms of Low, Moderate, High and 112 Critical Levels 13.2.3 Air Quality Trends in Kanpur 112 13.2.4 Meteorological Issues 115 13.3 Action Plan for the Control of Air Pollution for the 116 City of Kanpur 13.3.1 Action Taken so far 116 13.3.2 Proposed Action Plan 117 13.4 Findings 119 14.0 Kolkata 120 14.1 Sources of Air Pollution 120 14.2 Ambient Air Quality 122 14.2.1 Violation of NAAQS ( 24 hourly average) 122 14.2.2 Air Quality in terms of Low, Moderate, High and 122 Critical Levels 14.2.3 Air Quality Trends in Kolkata 123 14.2.4 Meteorological Issues 123 14.3 Action Plan for the Control of Air Pollution for the 128 City of Kolkata iv Section Title Page No. No.
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