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Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2018 Resilience of Transportation Networks Subject to Bridge Damage and Road Closures Richard Twumasi-Boakye Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING RESILIENCE OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS SUBJECT TO BRIDGE DAMAGE AND ROAD CLOSURES By RICHARD TWUMASI-BOAKYE A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2018 1 Richard Twumasi-Boakye defended this dissertation on July 19, 2018. The members of the supervisory committee were: John O. Sobanjo Professor Directing Dissertation Eric Chicken University Representative Ren Moses Committee Member Eren E. Ozguven Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii To my family iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I take this opportunity to acknowledge all those who have guided, assisted and supported me during my period of research leading to the completion of this dissertation. First, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to Dr. John Sobanjo for his immense support, mentoring and guidance throughout my studies at the Florida State University. I would also like to thank Dr. Ren Moses, Dr. Eren Ozguven, and Dr. Eric Chicken who served as my doctoral committee members for their invaluable inputs and support. Words are insufficient to express my appreciation to the Olawale family for their love and inspiration throughout my graduate studies. Special thanks to Pastor Mark Amoateng, M.D., and Ms. Althea Devenish for their counsel and prayers. Further thanks to all my colleagues, and friends, Sylvester Inkoom, James Akrasi, Jaqueline Masaki, and Filiberto Asare-Akuffo, for their friendship, love, and encouragement. My heartfelt appreciation goes to my family (Mr. Alex Twumasi-Boakye, Mrs. Elizabeth Twumasi-Boakye, Ms. Barbara Twumasi-Boakye, Ms. Angelina Twumasi-Boakye, Dr. Alberta Twumasi-Boakye, and Mr. Alex Twumasi-Boakye Jr.) for their love and prayers throughout my studies: May God immeasurably bless you. Finally, my greatest gratitude goes to the Almighty God for His grace, mercies, provision, and guidance. “By You I have been sustained from my birth; You are He who took me from my mother's womb; My praise is continually of You.” Psalm 71:6. Thank you Lord! iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. ix List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ xi Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ xiv 1. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Motivation and Problem Definition ...................................................................................... 5 1.3 Research Objectives .............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Outline of the Thesis ............................................................................................................. 6 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Overview of Performance Measures for Civil Infrastructures ............................................ 11 2.3 Defining Resilience ............................................................................................................. 13 2.4 Main Categories of Transportation Network Resilience Studies ........................................ 14 2.4.1 Qualitative Concepts..................................................................................................... 14 2.4.2 Quantitative Concepts................................................................................................... 18 2.5 Key Issues in the Transportation Network Resilience Dialogue......................................... 23 2.5.1 The Need for Network-level Transportation Network Resilience Studies ................... 23 2.5.2 Quantifying the Recovery Phase of Resilience ............................................................ 25 2.6 Towards the Development of a Resilience Index................................................................ 26 2.7 Further Discussions ............................................................................................................. 31 2.8 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................................ 37 3. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 38 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 38 3.2 Total Additional User Cost ................................................................................................. 38 3.2.1 Measure of Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) ................................................................. 39 3.2.1 Vehicle Operating Cost ................................................................................................ 39 3.2.3 Measure of Vehicle Hours Traveled (VHT) ................................................................. 40 v 3.2.4 Delay Cost .................................................................................................................... 41 3.3 Schematic Framework for At-Risk Bridge Selection and Accessibility Measure .............. 42 3.3.1 Computing Bridge Exposure Probabilities to Categorical Hurricane Events ............... 42 3.3.2 Allocating Damage States to Bridges Using both Historical and NBI Data Fields ..... 44 3.4 Development of Resilience Index ....................................................................................... 45 3.4.1 Equilibrium-based Traffic Assignment ........................................................................ 45 3.4.2 Measure of Vehicle Distance Traveled (VDT) ............................................................. 47 3.4.3 Measure of Vehicle Hours Traveled (VHT) ................................................................. 47 3.4.4 High Impact Zone Location Metric .............................................................................. 47 3.4.5 Measuring Network Functionality ................................................................................ 49 3.4.6 Computing Resilience Index ........................................................................................ 50 3.5 Numerical Illustration ......................................................................................................... 55 3.5.1 Resilience Estimation and Index Computation ............................................................ 58 3.5.2 Hypothetical Network Application ............................................................................... 64 3.5.3 Sensitivity Analysis ...................................................................................................... 69 3.6 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................................ 74 4. EVALUATING TRANSPORTATION USER COST ........................................................ 75 4.1 Evaluating User Cost for Simulated Regional Networks .................................................... 75 4.2 Study Area ........................................................................................................................... 80 4.3 Transportation Network Configuration ............................................................................... 80 4.4 Traffic Flow Estimation ...................................................................................................... 80 4.5 Data Sources ........................................................................................................................ 81 4.6 Scenario-Based Modeling ................................................................................................... 82 4.7 Results and Discussion ........................................................................................................ 84 4.6 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................................ 91 5 . ACCESSIBILITY-BASED RESILIENCE MEASURE ...................................................... 92 5.1 Senior Community Resilience using Accessibility as Measure to Healthcare .................... 92 5.2 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 92 5.2.2 Discussion for Damage State Analysis ........................................................................