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African Journal of Agricultural Research Volume 11 Number 31 4 August 2016 ISSN 1991-637X ABOUT AJAR The African Journal of Agricultural Research (AJAR) is published weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. African Journal of Agricultural Research (AJA R) is an open access journal that publishes high- quality solicited and unsolicited articles, in Eng lish, in all areas of agriculture including arid soil research and rehabilitation, agricultural ge nomics, stored products research, tree fruit production, pesticide science, postharvest biology and technology, seed science research, irrigation, agricultural engineering, water resources management, marine sciences, agronomy, animal science, physiology and morphology, aquaculture, crop science, dairy science, entomology, fish and fisheries, forestry, freshwater science, horticulture, poultry science, soil science, systematic biology, veterinary, virology, viticulture, weed biology, agricultural economics and agribusiness. All articles published in AJAR are peer- reviewed. Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/ Editors . Dr. Bampidis Vasileios National Agricultural Research Foundation Prof. N.A. Amusa (NAGREF), Animal Research Institute 58100 Editor, African Journal of Agricultural Research Giannitsa, Academic Journals. Greece. Dr. Panagiota Florou-Paneri Dr. Zhang Yuanzhi Laboratory of Nutrition, Laboratory of Space Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Technology (HUT) Kilonkallio Espoo, Aristotle University of Finland. Thessaloniki, Greece. Dr. Mboya E. Burudi Prof. Dr. Abdul Majeed International Livestock Research Institute Department of Botany, University of (ILRI) P.O. Box 30709 Nairobi 00100, Gujrat,India, Director Horticulture, Kenya. and landscaping. Dr. Andres Cibils India. Assistant Professor of Rangeland Science Dept. of Animal and Range Sciences Prof. Suleyman TABAN Box 30003, MSC 3-I New Mexico State University Department of Soil Science and Plant Las Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Cruces, Ankara University, NM 88003 (USA). 06100 Ankara-TURKEY. Dr. MAJID Sattari Prof.Hyo Choi Rice Research Institute of Graduate School Iran, Amol-Iran. Gangneung-Wonju National University Gangneung, Dr. Agricola Odoi Gangwondo 210- University of Tennessee, 702, Korea. TN., USA. Dr. MATIYAR RAHAMAN KHAN Prof. Horst Kaiser AICRP (Nematode), Directorate of Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Rhodes University, PO Box Viswavidyalaya, P.O. Kalyani, Nadia, PIN- 94, South Africa. 741235, West Bengal. India. Prof. Xingkai Xu Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Prof. Hamid AIT-AMAR Chinese Academy of University of Science and Technology, Sciences, Beijing 100029, Houari Bouemdiene, B.P. 32, 16111 EL-Alia, China. Algiers, Algeria. Dr. Agele, Samuel Ohikhena Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Prof. Sheikh Raisuddin Management, Federal University of Department of Medical Elementology and Technology Toxicology,Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) PMB 704, New Akure, Delhi, Nigeria. India. Dr. E.M. Aregheore Prof. Ahmad Arzani The University of the South Pacific, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding School of Agriculture and Food Technology College of Agriculture Alafua Campus, Isfahan University of Technology Apia, SAMOA Isfahan-84156, Iran. Dr. Mohamed A. Dawoud Editorial Board Water Resources Department, Terrestrial Environment Research Centre, Dr. Bradley G Fritz Environmental Research and Wildlife Development Agency Research Scientist, (ERWDA), Environmental Technology Division, P. O. Box 45553, Battelle, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, United Arab Emirates. Washington, USA. Dr. Phillip Retief Celliers Dept. Agriculture and Game Management, Dr. Almut Gerhardt LimCo PO BOX 77000, NMMU, International, University of PE, 6031, Tuebingen, Germany. South Africa. Dr. Celin Acharya Dr. Rodolfo Ungerfeld Dr. K.S.Krishnan Research Associate (KSKRA), Departamento de Fisiología, Molecular Biology Division, Facultad de Veterinaria, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo 11600, Trombay, Mumbai-85, Uruguay. India. Dr. Timothy Smith Dr. Daizy R. Batish Department Stable Cottage, Cuttle Lane, of Botany, Panjab University, Biddestone, Chippenham, Chandigarh, Wiltshire, SN14 7DF. India. UK. Dr. Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi Dr. E. Nicholas Odongo, University of Ferdowsi, 27 Cole Road, Guelph, Department of Food Science and Technology, Ontario. N1G 4S3 Mashhad, Canada. Iran. Dr. D. K. Singh Dr. Yasemin Kavdir Scientist Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Division, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineeinrg Department of Soil Sciences, Terzioglu Bhopal- 462038, M.P. Campus 17100 India. Canakkale Turkey. Prof. Hezhong Dong Professor of Agronomy, Prof. Giovanni Dinelli Cotton Research Center, Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Technology Jinan 250100 Viale Fanin 44 40100, Bologna China. Italy. Dr. Ousmane Youm Prof. Huanmin Zhou Assistant Director of Research & Leader, College of Biotechnology at Inner Mongolia Integrated Rice Productions Systems Program Agricultural University, Africa Rice Center (WARDA) 01BP 2031, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306# Cotonou, Zhao Wu Da Street, Benin. Hohhot 010018, P. R. China, China. African Journal of A gricultural Research Table of Contents: Volume 11 Number 31, 4 August, 2016 ARTICLES Efficiency of commercial products for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary in soybean cultivar NS 5909 RG 2833 Alfredo José Alves Neto, Álvaro Guilherme Alves, José Renato Stangarlin, Jéssica Caroline Coppo, Leandro Rampim Bruna Broti Rissato1 Diego Augusto Fois Fatecha, Eloisa Lorenzetti, Paulo Sérgio Giacomelli and Cristiane Belmonte Growth and production of common bean in direct seeding under irrigated deficit condition 2841 José Joaquim Carvalho, João Carlos Cury Saad, Marconi Batista Teixeira, José Alves Júnior, Melissa Selaysim Di Campos, Ana Carolina Oliveira Horschutz and Fernando Nobre Cunha Study of the genetic variability, correlation and importance of phenotypic characteristics in cactus pear (Opuntia and Nopalea) 2849 Francisco Abel Lemos Alves, Albericio Pereira de Andrade, Riselane de Lucena Alcântara Bruno, Djalma Cordeiro dos Santos and Vanda Lucia Arcanjo Pereira Challenges facing agricultural cooperative system: Analysing participation using a discrete choice model for the southern communal area of Namibia 2860 Uchezuba, D. I., Mbai, S. and Laubscher, K. Nitrate leaching in irrigated inorganic agriculture: A case study of Mashare commercial farm in Namibia, Okavango River Basin 2871 Andrea Vushe, Loffie von Landsberg, Alexander Groengroeft and Damas A. Mashauri Study of the variability, correlation and importance of chemical and nutritional characteristics in cactus pear (Opuntia and Nopalea) 2882 Francisco Abel Lemos Alves, Albericio Pereira de Andrade, Riselane de Lucena Alcântara Bruno and Djalma Cordeiro dos Sant os Effect of seed component ratios and cutting regime on the performances of annual ryegrass and burr medic mixtures 2893 Giovanni Antonio Re, Claudio Porqueddu, Federico Sanna, Leonardo Sulas, Antonio Franca, Giovanna Piluzza and Simonetta Bullitta Drying of hulled naturally processed coffee with high moisture content and its impacts on quality 2903 Valdiney Cambuy Siqueira, Flavio Meira Borem, Eder Pedroza Isquierdo, Guilherme Euripedes Alves, Diego Egidio Ribeiro, Afonso Celso Ferreira Pinto, and Jose Henrique da Silva Taveira African Journal of Agricultural Research Table of Contents: Volume 11 Number 31, 4 August, 2016 ARTICLES Morphological analysis of fruits, seeds, and seedling germination Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd 2912 Paulo Alexandre Fernandes Rodrigues de Melo, Kelina Bernardo Silva, Edna Ursulino Alves, Robson Luis Silva de Medeiros, Antônio Pereira dos Anjos Neto, Kedma Maria Silva Pinto, Wallace de Sousa Leite and Valderez Pontes Matos Special liming materials for acidity control of soils with variable charge 2920 Jessica Alves dos Santos, Adriel Ferreira da Fonseca, Domenico Zocco and Igor Vieira Vol. 11(31), pp. 2833-2840, 4 August, 2016 DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2016.11291 Article Number: 73AB72459807 African Journal of Agricultural ISSN 1991-637X Copyright ©2016 Research Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR Full Length Research Paper Efficiency of commercial products for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary in soybean cultivar NS 5909 RG Alfredo José Alves Neto1, Álvaro Guilherme Alves2, José Renato Stangarlin1, Jéssica Caroline Coppo1*, Leandro Rampim1 Bruna Broti Rissato1 Diego Augusto Fois Fatecha1, Eloisa Lorenzetti1, Paulo Sérgio Giacomelli1 and Cristiane Belmonte1. 1State University of West Paraná - UNIOESTE, Marechal Cândido Rondon – Paraná – Brazil, street Pernambuco, Number 1777, Box: 91, Center, Brazil. 2União Educacional de Cascavel-Paraná- Brazil, street Paraná, Number 2767, Corbélia - Box: 91, Center, Brazil. Received 2 June, 2016; Accepted 8 July, 2016 The constant assessment of methods of disease control is essential in achieving production regularity and for ongoing increments in soybean productivity. Among the various diseases, the intensity of the white mold has been increasing, caused especially by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)