Redalyc.Agglutinins to Leptospira Spp. in Equines Slaughtered in The
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Semina: Ciências Agrárias ISSN: 1676-546X [email protected] Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brasil Ferreira dos Santos, Renata; Pinheiro da Silva, Glaucenyra Cecília; de Assis, Nivaldo Aparecido; Mathias, Luis Antonio Agglutinins to Leptospira spp. in equines slaughtered in the southern region of Brazil Semina: Ciências Agrárias, vol. 37, núm. 2, marzo-abril, 2016, pp. 841-851 Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=445745368024 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p841 Agglutinins to Leptospira spp. in equines slaughtered in the southern region of Brazil Aglutininas anti- Leptospira spp. em equídeos da região sul do Brasil abatidos em matadouro-frigoríco Renata Ferreira dos Santos 1*; Glaucenyra Cecília Pinheiro da Silva 2; Nivaldo Aparecido de Assis 3; Luis Antonio Mathias 4 Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of anti- Leptospira spp. antibodies in serum samples of horses slaughtered in an abattoir, under the Brazilian federal food inspection service, in the southern region of Brazil. We tested 767 blood samples from adult horses slaughtered from April to May, 2013. The animals came from 45 municipalities in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná. For the diagnosis we used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The results showed that 687 horses reacted to at least one of the 24 serovars of Leptospira spp., with titer equal to or greater than 100, representing 89.57% (95% CI: 87.41%–91.73%). The most likely serovars were Patoc (9.91%), Butembo (9.13%), Australis (7.82%), and Bratislava (5.87%). There was no signicant difference (p = 0.2795) in the number of positive animals by state. The proportion of MAT-positive males and females differed signicantly (p = 5.4444 x 10 -5 ) since 85.26% (95% CI: 82.82%–88.70%) of the males and 94.44 (95% CI: 92.07%–96.81%) of the females were reactive. The results of this study demonstrate a high rate exposure to several serovars of Leptospira in slaughtered horses. For the protection of animal, public, and occupational health, we suggest attention to infections in this host in order to reduce the risk of leptospirosis. Key words: Horses. Immunoglobulins. Leptospirosis. Microscopic agglutination. Slaughterhouse. Resumo Objetivou-se investigar a presença de imunoglobulinas anti -Leptospira spp. em amostras de soros sanguíneos de equídeos abatidos em matadouro-frigoríco, sob Serviço de Ins peção Federal, localizado na região Sul do Brasil. Utilizaram-se 767 amostras de sangue de equídeos adultos, abatidos no período de abril a maio de 2013. Os animais foram provenientes de 45 municípios dos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. Para o diagnóstico foi utilizado o teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM). Foram observados 687 equídeos sororreagentes a pelo menos uma das 24 sorovariedades utilizadas de Leptospira spp. com título igual ou superior a 100, representando 89,57% (IC 95%: 87,41% – 91,73%). As sorovariedades mais prováveis foram Patoc (9,91%), Butembo (9,13%), Australis (7,82%), Bratislava (5,87%). Não houve diferença signicativa (p = 0,2795) entre as proporções de reagentes a 1 Discente de doutorado em Medicina Veterinária Preventiva , Deptº de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Câmpus de Jaboticabal, FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Drª em Medicina Veterinária Preventiva , Deptº de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Câmpus de Jaboticabal, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Assistente Suporte Acadêmico , Deptº de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Câmpus de Jaboticabal, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Prof. Dr. , Deptº de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Câmpus de Jaboticabal, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] * Author for correspondence Recebido para publicação 02/03/15 Aprovado em 30/11/15 841 emina: incia Arria ondrina v. 37 n. 2 p. 841-852 mar./abr. 2016 ano R. do e al. Leptospira spp. nos estados. Já em relação à proporção de machos e fêmeas reagentes houve diferença signicativa (p = 5,4444 x 10 -5 ), sendo 85,26% (IC 95%: 82,82% – 88,70%) de machos reagentes e 94,44% (IC 95%: 92,07% – 96,81%) de fêmeas reagentes. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo demonstram uma exposição elevada a diversas sorovariedades de Leptospira nos equídeos abatidos no matadouro-frigoríco. No âmbito da saúde animal, pública e ocupacional, sugere-se a atenção a essa doença, visando diminuir o risco de infecção. Palavras-chave: Abatedouro. Equinos. Imunoglobulinas. Leptospirose. Soroaglutinação microscópica. Introduction presents an economic and public health burden, and because it is a zoonosis, the bacterium can be Brazil is the eighth largest exporter of transmitted by direct contact with infected animals horsemeat. In 2011, a total of 168,000 animals were (BRASIL, 2005). slaughtered, resulting in a production of 21,800 tons of meat (FAO, 2013). Belgium, the Netherlands, Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate Italy, Japan, and France are the main importers of the presence of immunoglobulins anti- Leptospira Brazilian horsemeat, which is also consumed in the spp. in serum samples of horses slaughtered in United States (MAPA, 2013). slaughtering houses from the south region of Brazil. The equidae herds in Brazil comprise approximately 5,508,546 horses, 1,269,198 mules, Materials and Methods and 974,532 donkeys. The Northeast region has the biggest equine herd (2,831,610), followed by Samples the Southeast (1,618,045), Midwest (1,318,450), A total of 767 blood samples were collected from North (1,009,481), and South (974,690). Regarding adult equidae (762 horses and 5 mules), males (n = states, the largest number of horses is located in 407) and females (n = 360) that were slaughtered Minas Gerais (787,129), representing 14.3% of the in an establishment under the Federal Inspection total herd of the country, then Bahia (555,905), with Service located in the southwestern region of Rio 10.1% of the total, and Rio Grande do Sul (472,778), Grande do Sul state from April to May, 2013. with 8.6% of the total (IBGE, 2011a). During this period, samples were collected from all Because of equine meat production in Brazil animals for slaughter. comes from unproductive animals and most of them Animals slaughtered in the slaughterhouse are traction animals, there are concerns about the during the sampling period animals came from health of these animals, particularly about zoonotic 45 municipalities in the states of Rio Grande do infections such as leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná. In the state of brucellosis, and trichinosis. Rio Grande do Sul, the slaughtered animals were Bacteria of the genus Leptospira are widespread from 37 municipalities, namely: Alegrete, Bagé, in many countries, and these microorganisms can Caçapava do Sul, Cacequi, Canguçu, Capão infect humans as well as many species of wild Cipó, Cristal, Cruzeiro do Sul, Dom Pedrito, and domestic animals (BRASIL, 2005). In horses, Encruzilhada do Sul, Itacurubi, Itaqui, Lavras infection with Leptospira spp. can manifest itself in do Sul, Maçambara, Pinheiro Machado, Piratini, acute or chronic form, with many animals presenting Pelotas, Quaraí, Rosário do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, clinical signs such as recurrent uveitis, abortions, Santa Maria, Santa Vitória do Palmar, Santana da and other reproductive disorders. Moreover, this Boa Vista, Santana do Livramento, Santiago, Santo pathogen may also be transmitted to humans from Ângelo, Santo Antônio das Missões, São Borja, São equids (LINHARES et al., 2005). Leptospirosis Francisco de Assis, São Gabriel, São Lourenço do 842 emina: incia Arria ondrina v. 37 n. 2 p. 841-852 mar./abr. 2016 Aluinin o Leptospira pp. in euine lauered in e ouern reion o rail Sul, Taquari, Unistalda, Vacaria, and Vila Nova do at a temperature of 28 °C for 40 to 120 minutes. Sul. The animals from the State of Santa Catarina Results were read by dark eld microscopy with were from municipalities of Bandeirante, Lages, 10× objective, directly from the plate wells. Saltinho, and São Miguel do Oeste. In the State of We considered samples with 50% agglutination Paraná, the animals were from the municipalities of to be reactive. Samples reactive at the initial dilution Ampere, Nova Laranjeiras, Paulo Frontin, and São were assayed with serial, 2-fold dilutions from the Mateus do Sul. original 1/100 dilution, as recommended by the OIE Blood samples were collected in disposable (2008). tubes at the time of bleeding on the slaughter To determine the prevalence, we considered line. After separating the serum, the samples were as positive the animals reagents to one or more transferred to labeled tubes, and then stored at −20 serovars against Leptospira spp. To determine the °C. For detection of Leptospira antibodies, we used most probable serovar,