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As to Species-Groups, Some of Which Florae Malesianae Precursores XXXIV. Notes on some genera of Celastraceae in Malaysia Ding Hou Rijksherbarium, Leyden There a of the of the and is great diversity opinion regarding interpretation genera and detailed some species in the former Hippocrateaceae. If one reads the comprehensive of the World Smith revision New Hippocrateaceae by A. C. (Brittonia 3, 1940, 341—555), have of Smith in his one may an impression it. For example, A. C. monotypic genus Hemiangium, under H. excelsum, has united species which were recognized as belonging three has to different genera by Miers; he also limited Hippocratea L. to a single species, H. and than and varieties in the volubilis L., placed more 40 names of species synonymy of it. A detailed review of the history and generic delimitation of the family Hippocrateaceae has already ably been summarized and discussed by A. C. Smith in the above mentioned I shall publication. make only a brief account of those works which contain genera, species, or discussions related to the Malaysian flora. I am in favour of the principle employed by A. C. Smith (I.e.) as to the treatment of the Salacia He this nine of genus L. divided genus into species-groups, some which, according to him, are very distinct and could conveniently be treated as genera, but such would based characters. genera not be on fundamental In the in the i.e. all the with fruits genus Hippocratea large sense, species capsular divergently separating into three follicle-like parts, there are two distinct groups which the Malesiana and Halle will be treated in Flora as Loeseneriella A. C. Sm. Reissantia N. respectively. In the group bearing drupaceous fruits, the genus Salacicratea Loes. will be reduced to Salacia L. As for the Malaysian species of Salacia, I cannot divide them into satisfactory, coherent, subgeneric groups. compared with the delimitation ofsome and As other genera, e.g. Euonymus Maytenus, the generic limits in the former Hippocrateaceae accepted in the recent revisions and floras, rather With material and the will are narrow. more available when African groups be the of revised, accumulation new information about pollen grains, wood structure, limits seed germination etc. may help us to gain a better understanding of the generic in this family as a whole. THE HIPPOCRATEA-GROUP to Smith According A. C. (I.e.), Hippocratea L. is a monotypic genus occurring only the characters barbellate in American tropics; its diagnostic are: 1) petals transversely within, 2) disk annular-pulvinate, cylindric or truncate-conical, puberulent, 3) anthers dehiscing by horizontal clefts, and 4) the inflorescences often with short branchlets World arising from the dichotomies. A. C. Smith has also emended the New genus small flowers disk. Pristimera Miers; it is characterized by and an inconspicuous In 1941, while working on the Old World Hippocrateaceae, A. C. Smith (Amer. 32 BLUMEA VOL. XII, No. I, 1963 J. Bot. 28. pp. 438—443) established the genus Loeseneriella to include some of the former inflorescences Hippocratea species in that area. The new genus is characterized by: 1) dichotomously branched throughout and free of supplementary branchlets in the half disk dichotomies, 2) petals glabrous or pilose on the upper within, and 3) glabrous macrantha Korth. selected the or distally strigose. The Malaysian Hippocratea was as At time the Pristimera Miers to the type species. the same generic name was applied Old World flora and the indica Willd. transferred to it. species Hippocratea In 1945, in his "Notes in southeastern Asia" Arn. Arb. on Hippocrateaceae (J. 26, 169—179) seven Loeseneriella species were added to and four to Pristimera. Halle Paris while in In 1958, N. (Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 30, pp. 464—471), engaged of described a monographical study of the western African representatives Hippocrateaceae, of them then two new genera, one being Reissantia. He transferred Hippocratea indica the Willd. to Reissantia. Unfortunately he didnot cite basionym andthe original literature; hence, according to the Code (1961) Art. 33, the combination was not validly published first until in a later publication of 1962 as indicated below. The result of his study was published in mimeograph-form in 1938 and then in 1962 in Mem. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire n. Halle has also used the characters of seed 64, pp. 1—245. N. pollen grains, germination, and wood structure for generic delimitation. Wilczek Ruanda-Urundi and Halle R. (Fl. Congo Belg. et 9, i960, 133—232) N. the (1.e., in 1962) have retained two African species in Hippocratea and applied generic name Loeseneriella A. C. Sm. also to the African flora. Since R. Wilczek and N. Halle have the the delimitation of the almost same concept regarding generic Hippocrateaceae, for the work of Halle the discussion. I shall, convenience, quote chiefly N. in following N. Halle (1.e., in 1962) redefined the genus Hippocratea, which is, according to him, characterized of caoutchouc by: 1) pollen grains composed 4 tetrads, 2) (rubber) present, in The character and 3) cymes with supplementary branchlets the dichotomy. conspicuous there of pollen grains has not been foundin any of the Malaysian species, so is no Hippo- cratea (sensu N. Hallé) in Malaysia. in He stated The genus Loeseneriella has also been emended by N. Halle (I.e., 1962). of that its important characters are: 1) wood with anomalous structure the deeply lobed type, 2) petals not cucullate in bud, subfleshy or fleshy, subvalvate or valvate, 3) plants without caoutchouc, 4) pollen simple, 5) seed with cotyledons united, and 6) hypogeal indicated germination. He erroneously Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) R. Wilczek as he species. There are four in Malaysia belonging here: t type species macrantha 1. Loeseneriella (Korth.) A. C. Sm., the type species. Loeseneriella 2. sogerensis (Bak. f.) A. C. Sm. Loeseneriella 3. pauciflora (DC.) A. C. Sm. Loeseneriella comb. — 4. cumingii (Laws.) Ding Hou, two. Hippocratea cumingii Laws, Hook. Fl. in f. Brit. Ind. 1 (1875) 624. N. Halle stated (I.e., in 1962) that his genus Reissantia, restricted to the Old World, Miers inter- is homogeneous and should not be confused with the genus Pristimera as said the American of Pristimera preted by A. C. Smith in 1941. He that species always than each have more two ovules in cell and the inflorescences without supplementary that the branches. In addition to the characters mentioned by him, I have observed in seeds of the united. There of a few American species Pristimera available, cotyledons are DING HOU: Florae Malesianae Precursores XXXIV. Celastraceae 33 allied are four species in Malaysia, which are more closely to the African Reissantia than to the American Pristimera because of the inflorescences with supplementary branchlets and the in three of the four there —8 separate cotyledons, although species are 4 ovules (not constantly 2) in each cell. 1. Reissantia indica (Willd.) N. Halle. cassinoides comb. — 2. Reissantia (DC.) Ding Hou, nov. Hippocratea ? cassinoides DC. Prodr. 1 (1824) 569. Reissantia comb. — 3. ferruginea (King) Ding Hou, nov. Hippocratea ferruginea King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 65, ii (1896) 357. comb. — 4. Reissantia grahamii (Wight) Ding Hou, nov. Hippocratea grahamii Wight, 111. Ind. Bot. (1839) 134; Icon. Pi. Ind. Or. 2 (1840) t. 380. SALACICRATEA AND SALACIA All the of the former with Malaysian species Hippocrateaceae drupaceous fruits were referred until to the genus Salacia L., 1910 when Loesener (Nova Guinea 8, p. 281) described with a new genus, Salacicratea, one species, S. papuana, from New Guinea. Salacicratea According to Loesener (I.e.), has cymose inflorescences like Hippocratea, but globose indehiscent fruits and seeds with massive cotyledons similar to those of Salacia. Loesener stated that the calyptra-like calyx, which transversely and irregularly from the splits near the base, is characteristic of Salacicratea and quite different deeply in Salacia and Since then few of Salacia 5-lobed calyces Hippocratea. a species have been transferred to Salacicratea and several new ones added. Up till now, eleven species have been published and most of them occur in Malaysia. A. C. Smith (Amer. J. Bot. 28, 1941, 44) pointed out that in addition to the calyptra- dehisce distinct like calyx, in Salacicratea "the anther locules by vertical clefts, a character of in the He also stated that "the of the rare occurrence family". generic status group is beyond reasonable question". I have examinedthe available material of both Salacia and Salacicratea for the characters which have been used, and such which might possibly be helpful for generic inter- and delimitation. pretation The calyptra-like calyx of Salacicratea is actually lobed or at the the lobes or be observed open apex; opening can especially on a longitudinal under section of the calyx the binocular. The vertically dehiscent anthers are also found Salacia the in several species, e.g. in S. oblongifolia Bl. and S. leucoclada Ridl.; transversely in in S. A. C. dehiscent ones occur Salacicratea as well, e.g. diandra (Miq.) Sm. there other transitional in Moreover, are two interesting Malaysian species a way wenzelii the between Salacia and Salacicratea. In Salacia Merr. young flower-buds are similar those of Salacicratea. The fascicled flowers borne sometimes the to are on very is in short densely bracteolate brachyblasts or peduncles, as usually the case Salacia, and dehiscent. diandra lanceolata the anthers are transversely In Salacia forma Miq. the the other floral when like Salacicratea. The calyx entirely envelops parts young, just in floral apex of the calyx is irregularly 3 —5-lobed. Gradually the parts protrude from the calyx; meanwhile the calyx splits irregularly longitudinally and remains attached at the base of the flower. At first glance, the calyces of the mature flowers are quite similar those of Salacia. from the the to Judging 2 —4-branched cymes, calyx at young stage, and the slightly obliquely dehiscing anthers, this species could be placed in Salacicratea, but not so for the structure of the calyx.
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