Christianity Explained PDF Book
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Core Knowledge Intuitions of God As a Person Are Not Revised by Christian Theology Despite Lifelong Experience
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1421-6 BRIEF REPORT Representational coexistence in the God concept: Core knowledge intuitions of God as a person are not revised by Christian theology despite lifelong experience Michael Barlev1 & Spencer Mermelstein1 & Tamsin C. German1 # Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2018 Abstract Previous research has shown that in the minds of young adult religious adherents, acquired theology about the extraordinary characteristics of God (e.g., omniscience) coexists with, rather than replaces, an initial concept of God formed by co-option of the person concept. We tested the hypothesis that representational coexistence holds even after extensive experience with Christian theology, as indexed by age. Christian religious adherents ranging in age from 18 to 87 years were asked to evaluate as true or false statements on which core knowledge intuitions about persons and Christian theology about God were consistent (both true or both false) or inconsistent (true on one and false on the other). Results showed, across adulthood, more theological errors in evaluating inconsistent versus consistent statements. Older adults also exhibited slower response times to inconsistent versus consistent statements. These findings show that despite extensive experience, indeed a lifetime of experience for some partici- pants, the Christian theological God concept does not separate from the initial person concept from which it is formed. In fact, behavioral signatures of representational coexistence were not attenuated by experience. We discuss the broader implications of these findings to the acquisition of evolutionarily new concepts. Keywords Core knowledge . Person concept . God concept . Religious beliefs . Conceptual change Introduction features of the environments in which humans evolved. -
The Sacraments of the Assyrian Church of the East
1 The Sacraments of the Assyrian Church of the East The Sacraments of the Assyrian Church of the East Most Rev. Mar Awa Royel Bishop of California First and foremost, in the Western theological jargon the word ‘sacrament’ is spoken of. It comes from the Latin sacramentum, which originally denoted a sacred oath; in general, it was the oath that a Roman soldier gave to Caesar upon the soldier’s inscription in the Roman army.1 It had, therefore, a sacred tone to it—one solemnly vowed to uphold and defend Caesar and the Roman Empire. In the Greek-speaking East, the word for sacrament is mysterion, and in its origins, it refers to the sacred, secret Mystery Cults of the Greek religion (the secret rites of ‘Bacchius’ come immediately to mind). Only those inducted into these sacred rites would be able to know the ‘mystery’ and what it entails. The Assyrian Church of the East makes use of the term rāzā to denote ‘sacrament’ or ‘mystery.’ It comes from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) term ‘raz,’ meaning something concealed; hidden.2 It must have made its way into Assyrian and then Aramaic sometime in the 4th or 5th century B.C.3 A rāzā, or sacrament, is essentially a mystery through which God acts to impart to us his grace, but we don’t know how this happens. However, we do feel the 1 The first Christian writer to use the word ‘sacrament’ was Tertullian (3rd century), who explained that through Baptism we are ‘enlisted’ into the army of Christ. -
Divinity School 2013–2014
BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF YALE BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY Periodicals postage paid New Haven ct 06520-8227 New Haven, Connecticut Divinity School 2013–2014 Divinity School Divinity 2013–2014 BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY Series 109 Number 3 June 20, 2013 BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY Series 109 Number 3 June 20, 2013 (USPS 078-500) The University is committed to basing judgments concerning the admission, education, is published seventeen times a year (one time in May and October; three times in June and employment of individuals upon their qualifications and abilities and a∞rmatively and September; four times in July; five times in August) by Yale University, 2 Whitney seeks to attract to its faculty, sta≠, and student body qualified persons of diverse back- Avenue, New Haven CT 0651o. Periodicals postage paid at New Haven, Connecticut. grounds. In accordance with this policy and as delineated by federal and Connecticut law, Yale does not discriminate in admissions, educational programs, or employment against Postmaster: Send address changes to Bulletin of Yale University, any individual on account of that individual’s sex, race, color, religion, age, disability, or PO Box 208227, New Haven CT 06520-8227 national or ethnic origin; nor does Yale discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity or expression. Managing Editor: Kimberly M. Go≠-Crews University policy is committed to a∞rmative action under law in employment of Editor: Lesley K. Baier women, minority group members, individuals with disabilities, and covered veterans. PO Box 208230, New Haven CT 06520-8230 Inquiries concerning these policies may be referred to the Director of the O∞ce for Equal Opportunity Programs, 221 Whitney Avenue, 203.432.0849. -
The History of the Church
The History of the Church Introduction Ages of the Church • The Age of catholic Christianity • The Age of Imperial Christianity • The Age of Christendom • The Age of Reformation • The Age of Reason and Revival • The Great Awakening • The Second Great Awakening • The Layman’s Prayer Revival • The Rise of Liberalism • The Rise of Pentacostalism 2 July 22, 2012 Ages of the Church • So we have studied the ages of the church from the book of Acts to the latest televangelist in an Armani suit! • We have seen the first church, simple, fast growing, establishing its identity. • Next came the Imperial Church. Emperor Constantine, seeing the cross and winning the battle, made Christianity the State Church, requiring that all become Christians. We saw how that turned out. • With the split between east and west, the Bishop of Rome became the Pope of the Catholic Church and the age of Christendom began with the withholding of the sacraments and a king in sack cloth on his knees in the snow. 3 July 22, 2012 Ages of the Church • Next, a corrupt church and a few strong voices created Protestantism. Immediately there were differences and splits. • Christianity moved to the New World and we saw the first Great Awakening, the establishment of Colleges, the creation of more denominations. • It took another Great Awakening and the Layman’s prayer revival to keep Christianity blossoming and growing in America. Christians tend to forget from generation to generation. • Then came the Germans, the philosophers and the Liberal Christians trying to reconcile God with Science. 4 July 22, 2012 Ages of the Church • This was answered by the Fundamentalist and an attempt to return to the root of Christianity. -
Robert F. Taft, SJ Mass Without the Consecration? the Historic Agreement on the Eucharist Between the Catholic Church and the As
R.F. Taft SJ / Addai & Mari Robert F. Taft, SJ Mass Without the Consecration? The Historic Agreement on the Eucharist Between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East Promulgated 26 October 20011 My deliberately provocative title, “Mass Without the Consecration?,” I owe to a high-ranking Catholic prelate who, upon hearing of the epoch-making decree of the Holy See recognizing the validity of the eucharistic sacrifice celebrated according to the original redaction of the Anaphora of Addai and Mari—i.e., without the Words of Institution—exclaimed in perplexity: “But how can there be Mass without the consecration?” The answer, of course, is that there cannot be. But that does not solve the problem; it just shifts the question to “What, then, is the consecration, if not the traditional Institution Narrative which all three Synoptic Gospels2 and 1 Cor 11:23-26 attribute to Jesus?” The 26 October 2001 Agreement One of the basic tasks of the Catholic theologian is to provide the theological underpinnings to explain and justify authentic decisions of the Supreme Magisterium. That is my aim here. For the historic agreement on the eucharist between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East is surely one such authentic decision, approved by the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and Pope John Paul II himself. This decision tells Catholics who fulfill the stated conditions and receive Holy Communion at an Assyrian eucharist using the Anaphora of Addai and Mari, that they are receiving the one true Body and Blood of Christ, as at a Catholic eucharist. -
God in Christianity
God in Christianity In Christianity, God is the eternal being who created and preserves all things. Christians believe God to be both transcendent (wholly independent of, and removed from, the material universe) and immanent (involved in the world).[1][2] Christian teachings of the immanence and involvement of God and his love for humanity exclude the belief that God is of the same substance as the created universe[3] but accept that God's divine nature was hypostatically united to human nature in the person of Jesus Christ, in an event known as the Incarnation. Early Christian views of God were expressed in the Pauline epistles and the early creeds, which proclaimed one God and the divinity of Jesus, almost in the same breath as in 1 Corinthians (8:5-6): "For even if there are so-called gods, whether in heaven or on earth (as indeed there are many 'gods' and many 'lords'), yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we live; and there is but one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and through whom we live."[4][5][6] "Although the Judeo- Christian sect of the Ebionites protested against this apotheosis of Jesus,[7] the great mass of Gentile Christians accepted it."[8] This began to differentiate the Gentile Christian views of God from traditional Jewish teachings of the time.[4] The theology of the attributes and nature of God has been discussed since the earliest days of Christianity, with Irenaeus writing in the 2nd century: "His greatness lacks nothing, but contains all things".[9] -
From the Book of Marganitha (The Pearl) on the Truth of Christianity Written by Mar Odisho, Metropolitan of N’Siwin and Armenia, A.D
From the Book of Marganitha (The Pearl) On the Truth of Christianity Written by Mar Odisho, Metropolitan of N’siwin and Armenia, A.D. 1298 1 PART I ON GOD 2 CHAPTER I Theory Concerning God That there is a God, and that the world is created, is made, and is temporal. St. Paul the heavenly apostle, the treasury of the Holy Spirit, and the spiritual philosopher, has, through the Spirit, laid an awe-inspiring foundation for Theology, by his saying, that men “should seek God, and feel after Him, and find Him out from His creation.1” The artificer is known by his art, and the maker through the thing made. That the world is made, and created, and that it had a beginning in time is evident from the fact, that it is compounded, framed and regulated as a whole, and in all its parts. Everything that is compounded, framed and regulated must have a compounder, framer and regulator. That it is compounded is proved from its whole being made up of many parts, and from all its bodies being made up of matter and species, and from the visible and invisible movers therein. But the most certain witness, of its being framed is man, who is a small world in himself, and in whose formation all creation is brought together, as one of the sages has 1 Acts 17:27. 3 said: “Man is an epitome of the whole world, and of the whole frame of creation.” That the world is regulated is clear from the wonderful order of the heavens, the planets, the elements, with all their productive powers, generating plants, trees, mines, and the members of beasts and of men, the astonishing order of which surpasses the wisdom and knowledge of all created beings. -
07 Zarzeczny.Indd
Volumen 80 Fasciculus I 2014 ORIENTALIA CHRISTIANA PERIODICA COMMENTARII DE RE ORIENTALI AETATIS CHRISTIANAE SACRA ET PROFANA EDITI CURA ET OPERE PONTIFICII INSTITUTI ORIENTALIUM STUDIORUM EXTRACTA PONTIFICIUM INSTITUTUM ORIENTALIUM STUDIORUM PIAZZA S. MARIA MAGGIORE, 7 ROMA Nr. 1 / 2014 Poste Italiane s.p.a. Spedizione in abbonamento postale. D.L. 353/2003 (conv. in L. 27/02/2004 n˚ 46) art. 1, comma 2, DCB Roma. Semestrale. Taxe perçue. ORIENTALIA CHRISTIANA PERIODICA Piazza S. Maria Maggiore 7 — 00185 Roma www.orientaliachristiana.it tel. 0644741-7104; fax 06446-5576 ISSN 0030-5375 This periodical began publication in 1935. Two fascicles are issued each year, which contain articles, shorter notes and book reviews about the Christian East, that is, whatever concerns the theology, history, patro- logy, liturgy, archaeology and canon law of the Christian East, or whatever is closely connected therewith. The annual contribution is € 46,00 in Italy, and € 58,00 or USD 76,00 outside Italy. The entire series is still in print and can be supplied on demand. Subscription should be paid by a check to Edizioni Orientalia Christia- na or a deposit to ccp. 34269001. International Bank Account Number (IBAN): Country Check Digit CIN Cod. ABI CAB Account Number IT 54 C 07601 03200 000034269001 BIC- Code BPPIITRRXXX Edited by Philippe Luisier (Editor) – Rafaá Zarzeczny (Book Reviews) e-mail: [email protected]; Jarosáaw Dziewicki (Managing Editor) e-mail: [email protected], with the Professors of the Pontifical Oriental Institute. All materials for publication (articles, notes, books for review) should be addressed to the Editor. SUMMARIUM ARTICULI Mar Awa Royel, The Pearl of Great Price: The Anaphora of the Apos- tles Mar Addai & Mar Mari as an Ecclesial and Cultural Identifier of the Assyrian Church of the East ........................ -
Subordinationism
Subordinationism Subordinationism is a heresy in Christian theology 1.2 Pre-Nicean which holds that the Son and the Holy Spirit are subor- dinate to God the Father in nature and being. Subor- Perhaps the most elaborate of advocates in favor of Sub- dinationism, in its various forms, was believed by some ordinationism was Origen of Alexandria. Origen taught in the Early Christian period until the mid 4th century, that Jesus was a “DEUTEROS THEOS” (second God) [1] when the Arian controversy was finally settled, after many He also said the Son was “distinct” from the Father.[2] Fi- decades of debates, with the formulation of the doctrine nally Origen insisted that the Son is other in substance of Trinity. than the Father.[3] It should be noticed that some of these same references are used to defend the concept of the Subordinationism has some commonalities with Trinity. However, Subordinationism is not a differenti- Arianism, but has some differences. While many ation or distinction between persons in the Trinity. In Christian leaders in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Centuries this regard they agree. Subordinationism rather suggests acknowledged a “relational subordination” of the Son that the Son (and Spirit) are other in substance than the and the Holy Spirit to the Father, as to an authority, not Father.[3] as an inferior being to a superior one, the Arians went even further to assert that the Son was a created being, Other pre-Nicean references which are often interpreted and was therefore not eternal, and therefore he is inferior as Subordinationist views include (but are not limited to): in nature to the Father, whom they believed to be the One and Only God. -
The-Trinitarian-Space-And-Public
Results of plagiarism analysis from 2019-06-26 15:44 UTC 10.1% 4.6 The_Trinitarian_Space_and_Public_Space.pdf Date: 2019-06-26 15:40 UTC All sources 41 Internet sources 38 Own documents 1 doczz.net/doc/5736408/trinity-and-the-plurality-of-religions.-by-albert-noronha-op [3] 3.5% 20 matches scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10019...7.pdf.txt?sequence=4 [4] 2.0% 11 matches www23.us.archive.org/stream/ashlandtheol...ic19124with_djvu.txt [5] 1.7% 10 matches https://archive.org/stream/gospelherald198578unse/gospelherald198578unse_djvu.txt [6] 1.1% 9 matches https://epdf.pub/cambridge-history-of-ch...2dd2dbbf3c43664.html [7] 1.1% 8 matches "4.3 TRANSCENDING PLURALISM Joas Ad...ot; dated 2019-06-26 [8] 0.4% 5 matches https://archive.org/stream/ReadingsInThe... of Science_djvu.txt [9] 0.8% 6 matches karyailmiah.sttjakarta.ac.id/?p=433 [10] 1.1% 5 matches www.cfdiocese.org/wp-content/uploads/201...tecostal-Worship.pdf [11] 0.8% 7 matches https://www.westernseminary.edu/files/do...lity_Trinity_Wan.doc [12] 0.9% 7 matches docshare.tips/02-whole_575ba6fbb6d87f0a068b4873.html [13] 0.6% 6 matches https://bible.org/series/à¸à ¸à ¹à ¸£à¸µà¸¢à¸à ¸à ¸£à¸°à¸à ¸£à¸£à¸¡?page=21 [14] 0.6% 6 matches https://epdf.pub/with-reverence-for-the-...64ceab660770859.html [15] 0.6% 5 matches bib.irr.org/reflections-on-doctrine-of-holy-trinity-part-1 [16] 0.7% 6 matches https://www.academia.edu/185249/_Fully_Social_Trinitarianism_ [17] 0.5% 3 matches https://epdf.pub/redeeming-mulatto-a-theology-of-race-and-christian-hybridity.html [18] 0.5% -
Basic Features of the Liturgy with Especial Reference to the East Syrian Eucharistic Liturgy
Basic Features of the Liturgy Basic Features of the Liturgy with Especial Reference to the East Syrian Eucharistic Liturgy William Toma Introduction Theology as the living dialogue with Christ, or as a coordinator of church faith reflection: While Spirituality is ‘living the faith’ in the Church, evidently, liturgy becomes the faith experience of the Church. 'Living the faith' is taking place mostly in the liturgical celebration. The Church is built up by the very act of her worship and her life and grace are realized through her liturgical settings. Liturgy is not only the common work of the people of God constituting the Church, but it is also a divine operation transforming and sanctifying mankind and the whole of creation. In fact, it is God's work in which people of God participate. This paper can be divided into two main parts: First, I shall attempt to underline the basic understanding of the liturgy by underlying its meaning, providing the elements for an authentic liturgical celebration and underline its stage of developments. The second part, I shall focus on the rite of the Church of the East, named by most liturgiologist as 'East Syrian Rite', with special reference to its Eucharistic liturgy. I shall explore the historical traces of the rite in general, the structural frame work of church edifice, the principle stages of evolution of the Eucharistic liturgy, the general theological principles of the Eucharistic liturgy, its main commentators, and the elements of the Eucharist. ?Mean ( ܼ ܼ ܪ ܼ ܵ ، ܼ ) What Does Liturgy The liturgy1 is the official prayer of the whole Church, the sacred rites according to the official liturgical texts. -
What Is Christianity? Pdf, Epub, Ebook
WHAT IS CHRISTIANITY? PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Dr. Rowan Williams | 48 pages | 10 Dec 2015 | SPCK Publishing | 9780281074396 | English | London, United Kingdom What is Christianity? PDF Book While Christians worldwide share basic convictions, there are also differences of interpretations and opinions of the Bible and sacred traditions on which Christianity is based. Introducing Christianity. He was witnessed by many who were eventually martyred for their faith. Herder, Freiburg Protestant Christians believe that the Bible is a self-sufficient revelation, the final authority on all Christian doctrine, and revealed all truth necessary for salvation. Therefore, "What is Christianity? Eastern Orthodox Church. Related Articles What is salvation? Many were brutally tortured and killed during this time. Other groups originating in this time period include the Christadelphians and the previously mentioned Latter Day Saints movement. However, since God loves us so much , He has provided another means by which we can attain perfection. There are numerous denominations within Protestant Christianity, many of which differ in their interpretation of the Bible and understanding of the church. In Matthew , Jesus commands: "Be perfect, your heavenly Father is perfect. Most Christians Catholic , Eastern Orthodox , Oriental Orthodox , and Protestant alike accept the use of creeds, and subscribe to at least one of the creeds mentioned above. The significance of the text includes the ensuing use of the text or application. Eastern Catholic Churches. The Athanasian Creed. The history of Judaism is essential to understanding the Jewish faith, which has a rich heritage of law, In comparison, his adulthood, especially the week before his death, is well documented in the gospels contained within the New Testament , because that part of his life is believed to be most important.