Nº 201 1957 Agosto

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Nº 201 1957 Agosto I?FVIJIA ti A ÍPIYPIA 1/11(4;0] 7— ,. .v • - 1: -;1] •. PUBLICADA POR EL MINISTERIO DEL Al;0] ;1] \ PUBLICADA MINISTERIO PORDEL EL A/RE AÑO XVI - NUMERO 201 AGOSTO 1957 Dirección y Redacción: Tel. 37 2 7 09 - RO MERO ROBLEDO, 8 - MADRID - Administración: Tel. 37 3 7 05 NUESTRA PORTADA: Transporte «Aero-Commander» SUMARIO Págs. Restimen mensual. Antonio Collar.Marco 587 Neutralización (le lOS estrechos. Rueda Antonio Ureta, General de Aviación. 591 Puente de plata. Juega Boudón, José Teniente Coronel de Aviación. 598 Ingenios dirigidos. Fernández Amigo, José Teniente Coronel de ingenieros A eroná’isticos. 605 Algunos aspectos del transporte. AntonioMarabini Berriz. Comandante de Ingenieros Aeronáuticos. 609 También los ermitaños ayudan a volar. Pedro Rodríguez Garáía-Prieto. Ayudante de Meteoroíóga. 622 Información Nacional. 629 información del Extranjero. V 633 La evolución (lel portaviones. C. 1-1. Goodhart, 1-E Capitáu de Fragata. De Flight. 645 Riesgos estrategicos (le una especializacion (le h Defensa. MacMillan. Norman De Aeronautics. 659 Hacia el control automático del tráfico aéreo. De The Aero plane. 662 Bibliografía. 668 LOS CONCEPTOS EXPUESTOS EN ESTOS ARTICULOS REPRESENTAN LA OPINION PERSONAL DE SUS AUTORES Número corriente9 pesetas Suscripción semestral.. 45 pesetas Número atrasado16 — Suscripción anual ..... 90 — El primer avión comercial De Havilland “Heron”, adquirido por la Luftwaffe, despega del aeródromo de la casa constructora rumbo a Alemania. REVISTA DE AERONA UTICA Wúmero 201. - Agosto 1957 :RE5uMEN MENSUAL Por MARCO ANTONIO COLLA]? S iempre hemos considerado un tanto. gr mente y como primera providencia, no redu tuita la afirmación soviética de que Occiden cir los armamentos, sino reducir—ya que no te verá derrumbarse su Economía bajo el es posible eliminar—el peligro de un ataque peso de sus presüpuestos militares. De lo por sorpresa. que vamos dudando menos es de que tal de ¿ Y cómo? Mediante la aceptación de un rrumbamiento se produzca como consecuen sistema de inspección que ofrezca toda clase cia de abonar a los participantes en las in de garantías. Volvemos, pues, a ver cen terminables conversaciones de Londres sobre tradas las conversaciones. en torno al plan de el Desarme las dietas que vienen devengan “Cielo Abierto”, sobre el cual, y pese a las do. Ya el mes pasado nos extendimos sobre enormes dificultades que su realización plan el tira y af.loja que tiene por escenario la tea, existe por lo menos acuerdo en principio Lancaster House, y aun a riesgo de cansar entre todos los interesados. No vamos a en al lector, hemos de insistir en el tema. trar aquí en los detalles de la nueva versión La carta dirigida por Bulganin al Pre (hemos perdido ya la cuenta de ellas) de di mier británico MacMillan hubiera podido cho plan, demasiado abundante en fórmulas poner fin a1 las conversaciones de haber sido alternativas. Tanto o más difícil que lograr interpretada literalmente; éstas continúan, un acuerdo entre la U. R. S. S. y Occidente, sin embargo, tras haberse buscado entre las está siendo y será conseguirlo dentro mismo amenazas y acusaciones que dicha carta con del bloque occidental, en el que figuran paí •tenía, la frase cortés—sincera o cínica—que ses tan dispares como Luxemburgo y los Es nunca suele faltar en documentos de esta tados Unidos, por ejemplo. ¿ Cómo puede clase. Al fin y al cabo, si Occidente puede esperarse que estos últimos—o el Canadá—, tener toda la razón del mundo al querer con separados del probable enemigo por vastos dicioir el desarme nuclear a la previa uni océanos, vean el problema con los mismos dicación de Alemania, no menos razón tiene ojos que la República Federal alemana, pe la U. R. S. S. al insistir en que se trata de gada al Telón de Acero, o que Islandia, ca dos problemas tan distintos que no hay por rente de fuerzas armadas propias? Además, será preciso acordar posibles “excepciones” ué tratar de resolverlos a la vez. Cuando todo parecía perdido, han sido las sensatas al régimen general (supóngase, por ejemplo, que Suiza desease quedar al margen de toda palabras del Secretario de Estado americano Dulles las que han abierto otro compás de inspección), etc., etc. En el fondo, el mayor espera. Dulles, enviado a Londres por el temor que a este respecto abriga la Europa Presidente Eisenhower, ha puestó el dedo en occidental es el de ver gran parte de su te rritorio convertido en una zona neutralizada, la haga al manifestar que como, por un lado, atravesada en todos los sentidos por equipos nó es probable que nación alguna que se sienta en peligro de verse atacada un día de inspección y con menoscabo de la sobe esté dispuesta a reducir su armamentó, y pór ranía de los países afectados. otro, las armas modernas han venido a otor En realidad, la cuestión de la delimitación gar creciente importancia al elemento sor dé las zonas que han de ser objeto de inspec presa al reducir cada vez más los factores ción es, a la vez, larga de decidir y de im tiempo y espacio, es preciso reconocer que portancia secundaria, por ahora, en relación si todavía cabe abrigar esperanzas de paz y con la forma en que tal inspección se lleva de desarme, lo que hará falta será, sencilla- ría a cabo. Hasta hace poco apenas se había 587 iToero 201. - /lqosto 195T ra la confianza). A continuación, el avión (lespegaría y tomaría las corresp )ndientes fo tografías, que se enviarían a una oficina in ternacional (le control. No cabe duda (le que los avances logrados en el campo (le la aero fotografía son fabulosos y que, aun (lentro (le las citadas limitaciones, podrían obtenersc resultados positivos. Ahora bien, lo “leal sería que aquel país qtie tuviera más adelan tada la técnica del enmascaramiento permi tiera al otro bando emplear aparatos más perfeccionados. Por otra parte, ¿cómo garantizar la obje tividad e imparcialidad necesarias en la labor que han de realizar en la oficina internacio nal de control los encargados (le estudiar interpretar las fotografías? Claro está ue más difícil aún, tanto que hordea lo utópico. será lograr que determinados “inspectores (le los equipos terrestres, en sus visitas a los centros industriales dedicados a la produc ción de material (lesintegrahie para explosi vos nucleares, puedan llevar cuenta y razón (le “cada gramo” producido. Ienos mal que, como obras son amores y no buenas razones, mientras se habla en Lon Caza británico P1.B que ha alcanzado una (ires se actúa en otras partes. Ahí está el velocidad superior a 1.132 millas por hora, caso de América del Norte, donde acaban de equivalente a 1.73 de Mach. darse dos pasos de gran importancia en or (len a la defensa. Uno, la creación del Man do unificado de Defensa Aérea (AD) del hablado de ello. Desde luego, se propone la Canadá (CAN) y los Estados Unidos (US), conocido con la abreviatura ADCANUS, a actuación de equipos de inspección en los cuyo frente se encuentra ya el General principales nudos ferroviarios y de carrete E. E. Partridge, de la U. S. A. F., quien ras, así como en los aeropuertos importantes con un Segundo Jefe canadiense—el Maris —/ remember Corea !—, pero sólo corno com cal del Aire Roy Slemon—dirigirá la defensa plemento de la labor que ha (le correr a car conjunta de todo el territorio (Alaska in go de los aviones. ¿Van a poder éstos sobre duída). El otro paso importante lo constitu volar a placer las zonas sometidas a inspec vó la entrada en servicio (le la cadena avan ción? No. De antemano se ha afirmado que zada de radar conocida con el nomhr de habrán de ajustarse a planes de vuelo pre Distant Early Warning une, y que se ex viamente establecidos con arreglo a criterio.s tiende, al N. del Círculo Polar Artico, en adoptados de común acuerdo, y que llevarán una distancia de 4.800 km. Esta D. E. W.. a bordo observadores no sólo del país a que une facilitará al C. G. del ADCANUS, sit& pertenece el avión y del país objeto de ins en Colorado Springs, la primera informa pección, sino también de una tercera y de ción sobre la presencia (le aviones o ingenios. una cuarta nación. Es más, antes de iniciar enemigos, y se afirma que en las pruebas. el vuelo de inspección propiamente dicho, los realizadas por la Western Electric Company aviones harían escala en un aeródromo pró antes de hacer entrega de la cadena por ella. xirno a la frontera con el fin de que se “ex montada a la International Telephone and tienda acta” de que no llevan a bordo bom Telegraph Corporation (que se encargará de- bas u otras armas (como puede verse, impe su funcionamiento por cuenta (Id ADCA— 588 J/úmero 201. - Agosto 1957 REVISTA DE AERONAUTICA NUS), incluso el simple vuelo de una han MB-1 “Gennie” (hasta ahora conocido con dada de pájaros hizo funcionar los disposi la denominación (le “Ding Dong”), el cual; tivos de alarma de aquélla. Claro está que dirigido desde el suelo, describió una deter de poco valdrá la cadena .D. E. W.—aun minada trayectoria e hizo explosión a pocos omplementada con las cadenas Mid-Canada miles (le metros de altura. Se trataba de la y Pinetree, que se extienden más hacia el “Operación John”—octava de la serie de Sur—si un buen día la U. R. S. S. utilizase puehas nucleares iniciada este verano en algún país de Centroamérica o Sudamérica Nevada—y la hola (le fuego que se mantuvo —en dónde continúa infiltrándose con mayor en el aire durante quince o veinte segundos, 4) menor éxito, explotando sentimientos .n para luego transformarse en una nube de tiestadounidenses—como trampolín desde el humo rosado de forma esférica, obligó pron cual (lar el salto, pero tal día, si es que ha tamente a aterrizar, para ser decontarnina (le llegar, etá aún lejano; por el momento, dos, a los tres aviones que, a prudente dis en los EE.
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