DOCSLIB.ORG

Contribution of Home Gardens to Rural Household Income in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Contribution of Home Gardens to Rural Household Income in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa CONTRIBUTION OF HOME GARDENS TO RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN RAYMOND MHLABA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA By ALAKA KOLAWOLE .O (201407116) Project Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agriculture (Agricultural Economics) Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Faculty of Science and Agriculture University of Fort Hare Alice SUPERVISOR: Professor Ajuruchukwu Obi January , 2017 i DECLARATION I hereby certify that this dissertation is the result of my own original work and has not previously been submitted to another university for the purpose of a degree. Where use has been made of the work of others, such work has been duly acknowledged in this text. Signed ………………………………………… Date: …………………………….. I, Alaka kolawole.O, student number 201407116, hereby declare that I am fully aware of the University of Fort Hare’s policy on plagiarism and I have taken every precaution to comply with the regulations. Signature: ……………………………………………… I, Alaka Kolawole.O, student number 201407116, hereby declare that I am fully aware of the University of Fort Hare’s policy on research ethics and I have taken every precaution to comply with the regulations. I have obtained an ethical clearance certificate from the University of Fort Hare’s Research Ethics Committee and my reference number is the following: …………………………………. Signature: ………………………………… ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge my supervisor Professor Ajuruchukwu Obi, from the Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, at University of Fort hare; for his supervision, guidance, support, patience, and helpful comments, positive and constructive criticism. Without his support, it would have been impossible to complete this study. May the Lord keep and bless you Sir in all dimensions of your life. The financial support of the ARC-supported Collaboration Centre on Smallholder Farmer Development is gratefully acknowledged. As well, I thank the Govan Mbeki Research and Development Centre of the University of Fort Hare for financial assistance throughout the period of this study. To all the respondents, who gave up their time in completing an ample and detailed questionnaire i am thankful, your contribution made it possible for me to compile this work, and it would have been impossible without your willingness to cooperate. Thank you very much. A word of appreciation is owed to all those who assisted me in terms of data collection, Dr Bongiwe Mcata and those who gave their time to make contribution to this study especially my friends around the campus with the data analysis of this project. My family deserve my gratitude for their deepest care and guidance in life. To my parents you will always be my hero. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated: Firstly, to God Almighty, who showered His grace on me to accomplish the task of pursuing and completing a Master’s degree. To Him be all the glory and adoration, great things He has done, greater things He will do. Secondly, to all those individuals who contributed to my academic success up to this point in time I thank you. iv ABSTRACT For decades, home gardens have proved to be significant to rural inhabitants by providing a wide range of useful products such as fruits, vegetables and medicine, but there is lack of quantitative information on its benefits and its contributions to income of rural household. The main objective of this study is to investigate contributions of home garden to income of rural household in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, formerly Nkonkobe Local Municipality of Eastern Cape Province South Africa. The stratified random sampling method was applied in order to choose a sample of 160 household that were interviewed by means of semi-structured questionnaires. The study was conducted among 80 households engaging in home gardens and 80 non- participating households in the study area. Frequencies and mean were used to describe the general characteristics of the households as well as ownership patterns of home gardens. In order to determine the factors that influence home gardens ownership binary logistic regression model was used. The overall model show that level of education, total household income and access to land significantly affects ownership of the home garden positively. Social grant has the highest contributions to total household income for both category while income generated from home garden has the second largest share to total household income, this show that the majority of rural households in the study area rely on social grant as their source of income. Cabbage, spinach, potatoes and carrots were the dominant crops in home gardens. In view of research findings, there is still a wide room for further improvement in home gardens practises in study area. Contrary to expectations, home gardens have the potential to improve livelihood significantly if the rural households take the necessary steps to make the production more sustainable. Based on research findings several policy proposals are suggested. These include investment in agricultural programmes that will empower the rural households like Massive food projects, Siyazondla and related home garden initiatives. Home garden is the major source of food and income generation in Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. Therefore, government should provide sufficient credit facilities, extension services together with marketing arrangement in the area. Keywords: home gardens, households home gardening and factors influencing ownership of home gardens v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ......................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................... xi LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 1.1 Background information .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Problem statement .......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Objectives of the study .................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Research questions ........................................................................................................ 4 1.5 Research hypotheses ..................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Justification of the study .................................................................................................. 4 1.7 Outline of the dissertation ................................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................. 6 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Definition of terms ........................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Reason for home gardens .............................................................................................. 9 2.4 Experience of home gardens from developing countries ............................................... 11 2.5 Home gardens Management ......................................................................................... 13 2.6 Benefit derived from home garden among rural household ......................................... 14 2.6.1 Supplement household food ............................................................................ 14 2.6.2 Employment and income generation .......................................................................... 15 2.6.3 Reduce household expenditure on food purchases ...................................... 15 2.6.4 Contribution of home gardening to food security ............................................. 16 2.6.5 Gender effect on home gardens owner and biodiversity in home gardens ...... 16 2.6.6 Home gardens and household dietary diversity .............................................. 17 vi 2.6.7 Ecological and social economic sustainability of home gardens ..................... 18 2.7 Factors that militates against practice of home gardens .............................................. 19 2.7.1 Lack of inputs .................................................................................................. 19 2.7.2 Water access................................................................................................... 20 2.7.3 Access to land ................................................................................................. 20 2.7.4 Lack of knowledge ..........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Quest for Liberation in South Africa: Contending Visions and Civil Strife, Diaspora and Transition to an Emerging Democracy
    Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 30, Nr 2, 2000. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za The Quest for Liberation in South Africa: Contending Visions and Civil Strife, Diaspora and Transition to an Emerging Democracy Ian Liebenberg Introduction: Purpose of this contribution To write an inclusive history of liberation and transition to democracy in South Africa is almost impossible. To do so in the course of one paper is even more demanding, if not daunting. Not only does "the liberation struggle" in South Africa in its broadest sense span more than a century. It also saw the coming and going of movements, the merging and evolving of others and a series of principled and/or pragmatic pacts in the process. The author is attempting here to provide a rather descriptive (and as far as possible, chronological) look at and rudimentary outline to the main organisational levels of liberation in South Africa since roughly the 1870' s. I will draw on my own 2 work in the field lover the past fifteen years as well as other sources • A wide variety of sources and personal experiences inform this contribution, even if they are not mentioned here. Also needless to say, one's own subjectivities may arise - even if an attempt is made towards intersubjecti vity. This article is an attempt to outline and describe the organisations (and where applicable personalities) in an inclusive and descriptive research approach in See Liebenberg (1990), ldeologie in Konjlik, Emmerentia: Taurus Uitgewers; Liebenberg & Van der Merwe (1991), Die Wordingsgeskiedenis van Apartheid, Joernaal vir Eietydse Geskiedenis, vol 16(2): 1-24; Liebenberg (1994), Resistance by the SANNC and the ANC, 1912 - 1960, in Liebenberg et al (Eds.) The Long March: The Story of the Struggle for Liberation in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Nelson Mandela and His Colleagues in the Rivonia Trial
    South Africa: The Prisoners, The Banned and the Banished: Nelson Mandela and his colleagues in the Rivonia trial http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.nuun1969_08 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org South Africa: The Prisoners, The Banned and the Banished: Nelson Mandela and his colleagues in the Rivonia trial Alternative title Notes and Documents - United Nations Centre Against ApartheidNo. 13/69 Author/Creator United Nations Centre against Apartheid Publisher Department of Political and Security Council Affairs Date 1969-10-00 Resource type Reports Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1969 Source Northwestern University Libraries Description Note.
    [Show full text]
  • AK2117-J2-3-C94-001-Jpeg.Pdf
    ■ N-V I l l .^rtv v > .;’ -**V -*• •; •• ’A-- 1.V-K - iv-f i»SKk' V ! rirt&V' ' i.v; - i , j .u«».,"y«.s -t -MyI** vi,4 ' 'f j' ''”' V': ’ 'V" *'^ ' V ylm n[_ u— r w<*''.t'f n - V “£uV*v**m m f£ S ?V~i<fc •■> J; . *:v*«'VT'^S *■?'■ ' . A' -’r ' i?y.. : l?-.v! ;• . -• ' •■ yipr ’ »• •!/*•:*.<»/• I Jim#: •* a ;^ ‘•♦■ vV v 1/' :• *'•'i ^''•'■V.V 5 • C ■’' i ■ -■ •• " l( • -■• ‘ rV? r. J >, :ii BEVSPAPEBS Sunday Times, Daily Dispatch, Finance Week. The Friend and The Satal Mercurr Becently these newspapers and publications have cone out in full support of the so-called new constitution thus becoming extensions of the state's propoganda and Ideological tools alongside the Labour Party, After careful consideration the Rational Executive Committee has referred this natter to the regional councils for final decisions. It is important that action in this regard should flow from popular feeling if it is to enjoy maximum support* The added advantage in this approach is that regional newspapers will be considered regionally. f e o ' C 4 t f * Biographies LIONEL" BEPNSTEIN • T.irmoi ’Rusty' Bernstein was b o m in 1*920. s Of middle class parents, he attended a private school in Natal, and became invol­ ved in the struggle against ^artheid fran an early age. By the late 1930s he was Secretary of the Labour Party’s League of Youth and a marcher of the Party's National Executive. After finishing his schooling, he became a part-time architectural student at Wits University.
    [Show full text]
  • Unrevised Hansard National
    UNREVISED HANSARD NATIONAL ASSEMBLY TUESDAY, 13 JUNE 2017 Page: 1 TUESDAY, 13 JUNE 2017 ____ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ____ The House met at 14:02. The Speaker took the Chair and requested members to observe a moment of silence for prayer or meditation. MOTION OF CONDOLENCE (The late Ahmed Mohamed Kathrada) The CHIEF WHIP OF THE MAJORITY PARTY: Hon Speaker I move the Draft Resolution printed in my name on the Oder Paper as follows: That the House — UNREVISED HANSARD NATIONAL ASSEMBLY TUESDAY, 13 JUNE 2017 Page: 2 (1) notes with sadness the passing of Isithwalandwe Ahmed Mohamed Kathrada on 28 March 2017, known as uncle Kathy, following a short period of illness; (2) further notes that Uncle Kathy became politically conscious when he was 17 years old and participated in the Passive Resistance Campaign of the South African Indian Congress; and that he was later arrested; (3) remembers that in the 1940‘s, his political activities against the apartheid regime intensified, culminating in his banning in 1954; (4) further remembers that in 1956, our leader, Kathrada was amongst the 156 Treason Trialists together with Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu, who were later acquitted; (5) understands that he was banned and placed under a number of house arrests, after which he joined the political underground to continue his political work; UNREVISED HANSARD NATIONAL ASSEMBLY TUESDAY, 13 JUNE 2017 Page: 3 (6) further understands that he was also one of the eight Rivonia Trialists of 1963, after being arrested in a police swoop of the Liliesleaf
    [Show full text]
  • Who Is Governing the ''New'' South Africa?
    Who is Governing the ”New” South Africa? Marianne Séverin, Pierre Aycard To cite this version: Marianne Séverin, Pierre Aycard. Who is Governing the ”New” South Africa?: Elites, Networks and Governing Styles (1985-2003). IFAS Working Paper Series / Les Cahiers de l’ IFAS, 2006, 8, p. 13-37. hal-00799193 HAL Id: hal-00799193 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00799193 Submitted on 11 Mar 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ten Years of Democratic South Africa transition Accomplished? by Aurelia WA KABWE-SEGATTI, Nicolas PEJOUT and Philippe GUILLAUME Les Nouveaux Cahiers de l’IFAS / IFAS Working Paper Series is a series of occasional working papers, dedicated to disseminating research in the social and human sciences on Southern Africa. Under the supervision of appointed editors, each issue covers a specifi c theme; papers originate from researchers, experts or post-graduate students from France, Europe or Southern Africa with an interest in the region. The views and opinions expressed here remain the sole responsibility of the authors. Any query regarding this publication should be directed to the chief editor. Chief editor: Aurelia WA KABWE – SEGATTI, IFAS-Research director.
    [Show full text]
  • ADM SDF Final Report-Compressed.Pdf
    i ii TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF PLANS vii LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLES x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xii SECTION A 1 INTRODUCTION 1 A 1. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 2 A 2. CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATIVE PROCESS 3 SECTION B 5 LOCALITY 5 B 1. PROVINCIAL LOCALITY 5 B 2. DISTRICT LOCALITY 6 B 3. AMATHOLE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY 7 SECTION C 9 POLICY ASSESSMENT 9 C 1. NATIONAL POLICY ALIGNMENT 10 C 2. PROVINCIAL POLICY ASSESSMENT 24 C 3. NEIGHBOURING DISTRICT AND METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY POLICY ASSESSMENT 31 C 4. AMATHOLE DISTRICT POLICY ASSESSMENT 40 C 5. LOCAL MUNICIPALITY SDFS 58 SECTION D 68 WHERE HAVE WE COME FROM 68 iii SINCE PREVIOUS ADM SDF 68 SECTION E 74 DISTRICT OVERVIEW 74 E 1. STUDY AREA 74 SECTION F 75 DEMOGRAPHICS PROFILE 75 F 1. POPULATION 75 F 2. AGE STRUCTURE 77 F 3. POPULATION GROUP 79 F 4. GENDER SPLIT 80 F 5. EMPLOYMENT STATUS 81 F 6. INDIVIDUAL MONTHLY INCOME 81 SECTION G 83 BUILT ENVIRONMENT 83 G 1. NODES / TOWNS, CHARACTER, FUNCTION & HIERARCHY 83 G 2. LAND USE 84 G 3. SETTLEMENTS 85 G 4. LAND CLAIMS 88 G 5. LAND TENURE 91 G 6. SMALL TOWN REVITALISATION (STR) PROJECTS 100 G 7. HOUSING PROVISION 103 G 8. HOUSING TYPOLOGIES 106 G 9. INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS 107 G 10. LAND CAPABILITY 109 G 11. INFRASTRUCTURE 112 G 12. INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS 121 SECTION H 122 SOCIO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 122 iv H 1. INEQUALITY IN ADM 122 H 2. SOCIAL FACILITIES 123 H 3. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 136 H 4. EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION ON ADM 145 BIOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS 150 I 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genesis of the Anc's Armed Struggle in South
    THE GENESIS OF THE ANC’S ARMED STRUGGLE IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1948-1961 Stephen Ellis ABSTRACT Revelations made by veterans of the period and the opening of various archives have thrown significant new light on the origins of Umkhonto we Sizwe. It is now clear that the South African Communist Party (SACP) was the first component of the congress alliance to decide to launch an armed struggle against the apartheid state, in late 1960, having consulted the Chinese leader Mao Zedong in person. Only later was the issue debated in the senior organs of the African National Congress and other allied organisations. It has also become apparent that the first commander of Umkhonto we Sizwe, Nelson Mandela, was a member of the SACP. The main thrust of these observations is to demonstrate the degree to which the opening of the armed struggle in South Africa was inscribed in the politics of the cold war. * On 16 December 2011, South Africa commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of hostilities by Umkhonto we Sizwe. The sixteenth of December 1961 is generally regarded as the formal beginning of the armed struggle that was to culminate in the 1994 election of South Africa’s first majority government, led by the African National Congress (ANC). The following month, January 2012, marks the centenary of the ANC’s own foundation. The coincidence of these two anniversaries is sure to be the occasion for much official celebration in South Africa and among friends of the ANC elsewhere. Umkhonto we Sizwe was originally described by its leaders as an autonomous body formed by members of the ANC and members of the South African Communist Party (SACP) working in parallel.
    [Show full text]
  • Title: Black Consciousness in South Africa : the Dialectics of Ideological
    Black Consciousness in South Africa : The Dialectics of Ideological Resistance to White title: Supremacy SUNY Series in African Politics and Society author: Fatton, Robert. publisher: State University of New York Press isbn10 | asin: 088706129X print isbn13: 9780887061295 ebook isbn13: 9780585056890 language: English Blacks--South Africa--Politics and government, Blacks--Race identity--South Africa, South Africa-- Politics and government--1961-1978, South subject Africa--Politics and government--1978- , South Africa--Social conditions--1961- , Blacks--South Africa--Social cond publication date: 1986 lcc: DT763.6.F37 1986eb ddc: 305.8/00968 Blacks--South Africa--Politics and government, Blacks--Race identity--South Africa, South Africa-- Politics and government--1961-1978, South subject: Africa--Politics and government--1978- , South Africa--Social conditions--1961- , Blacks--South Africa--Social cond Page i Black Consciousness in South Africa Page ii SUNY Series in African Politics and Society Henry L. Bretton and James Turner, Editors Page iii Black Consciousness in South Africa The Dialectics of Ideological Resistance to White Supremacy Robert Fatton Jr. State University of New York Press Page iv Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 1986 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address State University of New York Press, State University Plaza, Albany, N.Y., 12246 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Fatton, Robert. Black consciousness in South Africa. (SUNY series in African politics and society) Revision of the author's thesis (Ph.D)University of Notre Dame.
    [Show full text]
  • Contextual Theology and Its Radicalization of the South African Anti-Apartheid Church Struggle
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2012 Confrontational Christianity: Contextual Theology and Its Radicalization of the South African Anti-Apartheid Church Struggle Miguel Rodriguez University of Central Florida Part of the History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Rodriguez, Miguel, "Confrontational Christianity: Contextual Theology and Its Radicalization of the South African Anti-Apartheid Church Struggle" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4470. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4470 CONFRONTATIONAL CHRISTIANITY: CONTEXTUAL THEOLOGY AND ITS RADICALIZATION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ANTI-APARTHEID CHURCH STRUGGLE by MIGUEL RODRIGUEZ B.S. University of Central Florida, 1997 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2012 © 2012 Miguel Rodriguez ii ABSTRACT This paper is intended to analyze the contributions of Contextual Theology and Contextual theologians to dismantling the South African apartheid system. It is intended to demonstrate that the South African churches failed to effectively politicize and radicalize to confront the government until the advent of Contextual Theology in South Africa. Contextual Theology provided the Christian clergy the theological justification to unite with anti-apartheid organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Resistance to Apartheid
    RESISTANCE TO APARTHEID MAYIBUYE! iAFRIKA! • The ANC Youth League NON-VIOLENT PROTEST IN THE 1950s • “Open the jail doors, we want to enter!”: The Defiance Campaign – Repressive government legislation and actions • “The People shall govern”: The Freedom Charter • The Treason Trial • “Strijdom, you have struck a rock!”: Women’s resistance THE 1960s – THE ROAD TO ARMED STRUGGLE • The formation of the PAC • The Sharpeville Massacre – What really happened at Sharpeville? Dealing with conflicting sources • Moving towards the armed struggle • The Rivonia Trial THE 1970s – THE YOUTH TAKE CHARGE • Steve Biko and the Rise of Black Consciousness • The death of Steve Biko THE SOWETO UPRISING OF 1976 GRADE 9 $POUFOU 3FQSFTTJPOBOE SFTJTUBODFUPBQBSUIFJE MAYIBUYE! iAFRIKA! GRADE 11 $POUFOU 8IBUXBTUIFOBUVSFPG 'SPNUIFTUPUIFT SFTJTUBODFUPBQBSUIFJEUPPLNBOZEJGGFSFOUGPSNT*OUIF SFTJTUBODFUPBQBSUIFJE T UIFSFTJTUBODFNPWFNFOUXBTTUJMMNPEFSBUF CVUJOUIFT JUUVSOFEUPPQFO CVUOPOWJPMFOU DPOGSPOUBUJPO*OUIFFBSMZTJUUPPLVQBSNTJOUIFTUSVHHMF5IF TUBUFNFUFWFSZBUUFNQUBUSFTJTUBODFCZJODSFBTJOHJUTSFQSFTTJPO %FTQJUFUIF4PVUI"GSJDBOHPWFSONFOUµTIBSTIQPMJDJFTBOEUIFHSPXJOHQPWFSUZBOE IBSETIJQPGUIF"GSJDBOQFPQMF UIFSFXBTMJUUMFPSHBOJ[FECMBDLSFTJTUBODFBHBJOTUUIF TUBUFVOUJMUIJOHTCFHBOUPDIBOHFJOUIFT5IFSFXFSFNBOZQPQVMBSTUSVHHMFT EVSJOHUIJTUJNF JODMVEJOHIPVTJOHQSPUFTUTBOECVTCPZDPUUT.BOZPGUIFTFTUSVHHMFT XFSFJOTQJSFECZUIFBDUJWJUJFTPGUIF$PNNVOJTU1BSUZPG4PVUI"GSJDB $14" XIJDIXBT GPSNFEJO"MBSHFOVNCFSPGUIFMFBEFSTPGUIF$14"XFSFXIJUF .FNCFSTPGUIF$PNNVOJTU1BSUZPG4PVUI"GSJDBIFMQFEPSHBOJ[FMJGUTGPSUIFSFTJEFOUTPG"MFYBOESBEVSJOH
    [Show full text]
  • Ÿþm Icrosoft W
    Journal of the Journal of the African National Congress Vol. 1, no. 3 1990 I ';;. )C/f~v May.b. Decemben199 .~ \Okk~\. <)~ 4kV '$~\ ~rd J ..*................*.*........*.*.-..-.... ~ A......~...... '~.-' ..~. .4-9 Grappling with the real issues The December National Consultative Conference * 28-32 Struggle at the local level The role of civics in the new terrain 13-18 A new constitution: is consensus possible? Interview with Zola Skweyiya * 47-50 Building a broad patriotic front Uniting all forces for democracy ALSO INSIDE: * 2 Letters * 10 MK's Siphiwe Nyanda talks about Operation Vula * 19 Nurturing the seeds of organisation * 24 Countering terrorism . 33 Natal's thorny road to peace * 35 Still obstacles for exiles and prisoners * 36 Shaping the mass SACP * 38 The Workers' Charter .40 A home for all the youth * 43 What about the women? * 51 Interview with Enos Mabuza * 53 The united Germany * 56 The draft economic policy * 58 Security forces after apartheid * 60 The proposed Culture Charter * 63 The fate of the sport boycott .~wW9fl'flOw,.rr~~soO, A~W 1W Mayibuye December 1990 M AYIBUYE goes to press as preparations for the ANC National Consultative Conference reach fever pitch. Before we knew it, the bug had also caught up with us. This is understandable. Along with February 2, the release of Nelson Mandela and the ANCI government summits, the conference ranks high among the epoch- making events that this fateful year has witnessed. Issues of fundamental importance to the fu- . ture of our country will be tabled for discusslon and debate at the conference. The ANC faces.... the challenge of p..( transforming itself Into a strong mass organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 4, April 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 1653-1659 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210446 Short Communication: Local perceptions about utilization of invasive alien species Opuntia ficus-indica in three Local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa LULEKA MDWESHU, ALFRED MAROYI Medicinal Plants and Economic Development Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare. Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa. Tel.: +27-719600326; email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 8 February 2020. Revision accepted: 26 March 2020. Abstract. Mdweshu L, Maroyi A. 2020. Short Communication: Local perceptions about utilization of invasive alien species Opuntia ficus-indica in three Local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Biodiversitas 21: 1653-1659. Opuntia ficus- indica is a succulent plant species categorized as invasive in South Africa but has both commercial and non-market uses. This study evaluated local people’s perceptions about utilization of O. ficus-indica in three local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Data on the local perceptions on O. ficus-indica in the study area were documented through focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews via questionnaires with households between June 2018 and August 2019. A sample of 150 participants chosen using snowball-sampling method provided information on utilization of O. ficus-indica. The importance of O. ficus-indica as a useful plant species was ubiquitously perceived, with all participants reporting its contribution as an important component of their livelihood needs and more than three quarters (88.0%) were using the species on a regular basis.
    [Show full text]