PHYTOCHEMICAL RESEARCH of POPULUS ALBA L. Khurilenko A.P., Borodina N.V., Rudnik A.M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

PHYTOCHEMICAL RESEARCH OF POPULUS ALBA L. Khurilenko A.P., Borodina N.V., Rudnik A.M. National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine [email protected] There are about 30 kinds of Populus in Ukraine. Their bark, buds and the leaves of Populus which contain phenolic glycosides, fl avonoids, tannin, organic acids, vitamins, terpenoids. However the Poplar genus plants aren’t studied enough. Populus alba, commonly called abele, silver poplar, silverleaf poplar, or white poplar, is a species of poplar, most closely related to the aspens (Populus sect. Populus). It is native from Spain and Morocco through central Europe (north to Germany and Poland) to central Asia. It grows in moist sites, often by watersides, in regions with hot summers and cold to mild winters. Populus alba L. is a huge tree. Its height is up to 30m (rarely more), with a trunk up to 2 m diameter and a broad rounded crown. The bark is smooth and greenish-white to greyish-white with characteristic diamond-shaped dark marks on young trees, becom- ing blackish and fi ssured at the base of old trees. The young shoots are covered with whitish-grey down, including the small buds. The leaves are 4-15 cm long, fi ve-lobed, with a thick covering of white scurfy down on both sides but thicker underneath; this layer wears off the upper side but not the lower, which stays white until autumn leaf fall. Larger, deeply lobed leaves are produced on fast-growing young trees, and smaller, less deeply lobed leaves on older, slow-growing trees.The buds are tarry. The growth of tree is very quickly. Our goal is the research of qualitative composition and quantitative composition of fl avonoids in the leaves of Populus alba L. These leaves were gathered for the research in Kharkov, Donetsk regions and in the Crimea in 2011-2012. There were pointed the presence of phenolic compounds (phenolic glycosides , fl avonoids, tannin) when the primary studying of the Populus alba L. leaves was. The presence of fl avonoids was defi ned in the ethanol extracts with cyanidin test, ferric(III) chloride. In results of reac- tion show the presence of fl avonoid aglycones and glycosides. Besides the substances of fl avonoids were discovered due to chromatographic method. For this method the paper ”Filtrak”(FN №№ 1,4,12) and silica gel TLC plats were used. In accordance with the reference pattern rutin, quercetin, ferulic, chlorogenic, salicylic asides were identifi ed. The method of spectrophotometry(410 nm on the spectrophotometr СФ-46) was applied for the analysis of fl avonoids. The contain of fl avonoids is turned out not less 1,2%. The Populus alba L. has the practical interest as a source for getting plant drugs of many-sided pharmacological action due to considerable quantity of phenolic compounds. 38.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Populus Alba White Poplar1 Edward F
Fact Sheet ST-499 October 1994 Populus alba White Poplar1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION White Poplar is a fast-growing, deciduous tree which reaches 60 to 100 feet in height with a 40 to 50-foot-spread and makes a nice shade tree, although it is considered short-lived (Fig. 1). The dark green, lobed leaves have a fuzzy, white underside which gives the tree a sparkling effect when breezes stir the leaves. These leaves are totally covered with this white fuzz when they are young and first open. The fall color is pale yellow. The flowers appear before the leaves in spring but are not showy, and are followed by tiny, fuzzy seedpods which contain numerous seeds. It is the white trunk and bark of white poplar which is particularly striking, along with the beautiful two-toned leaves. The bark stays smooth and white until very old when it can become ridged and furrowed. The wood of White Poplar is fairly brittle and subject to breakage in storms and the soft bark is subject to injury from vandals. Leaves often drop from the tree beginning in summer and continue dropping through the fall. Figure 1. Middle-aged White Poplar. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Populus alba DESCRIPTION Pronunciation: POP-yoo-lus AL-buh Common name(s): White Poplar Height: 60 to 100 feet Family: Salicaceae Spread: 40 to 60 feet USDA hardiness zones: 4 through 9 (Fig. 2) Crown uniformity: irregular outline or silhouette Origin: not native to North America Crown shape: oval Uses: reclamation plant; shade tree; no proven urban toleranceCrown density: open Availability: somewhat available, may have to go out Growth rate: fast of the region to find the tree Texture: coarse 1.
[Show full text]
Poplar Chap 1.Indd
Populus: A Premier Pioneer System for Plant Genomics 1 1 Populus: A Premier Pioneer System for Plant Genomics Stephen P. DiFazio,1,a,* Gancho T. Slavov 1,b and Chandrashekhar P. Joshi 2 ABSTRACT The genus Populus has emerged as one of the premier systems for studying multiple aspects of tree biology, combining diverse ecological characteristics, a suite of hybridization complexes in natural systems, an extensive toolbox of genetic and genomic tools, and biological characteristics that facilitate experimental manipulation. Here we review some of the salient biological characteristics that have made this genus such a popular object of study. We begin with the taxonomic status of Populus, which is now a subject of ongoing debate, though it is becoming increasingly clear that molecular phylogenies are accumulating. We also cover some of the life history traits that characterize the genus, including the pioneer habit, long-distance pollen and seed dispersal, and extensive vegetative propagation. In keeping with the focus of this book, we highlight the genetic diversity of the genus, including patterns of differentiation among populations, inbreeding, nucleotide diversity, and linkage disequilibrium for species from the major commercially- important sections of the genus. We conclude with an overview of the extent and rapid spread of global Populus culture, which is a testimony to the growing economic importance of this fascinating genus. Keywords: Populus, SNP, population structure, linkage disequilibrium, taxonomy, hybridization 1Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6057, USA; ae-mail: [email protected] be-mail: [email protected] 2 School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author 2 Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Poplar 1.1 Introduction The genus Populus is full of contrasts and surprises, which combine to make it one of the most interesting and widely-studied model organisms.
[Show full text]
The Evolutionary Fate of Rpl32 and Rps16 Losses in the Euphorbia Schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) Plastome Aldanah A
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The evolutionary fate of rpl32 and rps16 losses in the Euphorbia schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) plastome Aldanah A. Alqahtani1,2* & Robert K. Jansen1,3 Gene transfers from mitochondria and plastids to the nucleus are an important process in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Plastid (pt) gene losses have been documented in multiple angiosperm lineages and are often associated with functional transfers to the nucleus or substitutions by duplicated nuclear genes targeted to both the plastid and mitochondrion. The plastid genome sequence of Euphorbia schimperi was assembled and three major genomic changes were detected, the complete loss of rpl32 and pseudogenization of rps16 and infA. The nuclear transcriptome of E. schimperi was sequenced to investigate the transfer/substitution of the rpl32 and rps16 genes to the nucleus. Transfer of plastid-encoded rpl32 to the nucleus was identifed previously in three families of Malpighiales, Rhizophoraceae, Salicaceae and Passiforaceae. An E. schimperi transcript of pt SOD-1- RPL32 confrmed that the transfer in Euphorbiaceae is similar to other Malpighiales indicating that it occurred early in the divergence of the order. Ribosomal protein S16 (rps16) is encoded in the plastome in most angiosperms but not in Salicaceae and Passiforaceae. Substitution of the E. schimperi pt rps16 was likely due to a duplication of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial-targeted rps16 resulting in copies dually targeted to the mitochondrion and plastid. Sequences of RPS16-1 and RPS16-2 in the three families of Malpighiales (Salicaceae, Passiforaceae and Euphorbiaceae) have high sequence identity suggesting that the substitution event dates to the early divergence within Malpighiales.
[Show full text]
The Development of Populus Alba L. and Populus Tremula L. Species Specific Molecular Markers Based on 5S Rdna Non-Transcribed Spacer Polymorphism
Communication The Development of Populus alba L. and Populus tremula L. Species Specific Molecular Markers Based on 5S rDNA Non-Transcribed Spacer Polymorphism Oleg S. Alexandrov * and Gennady I. Karlov Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow 127550, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-499-976-6544 Received: 1 November 2019; Accepted: 26 November 2019; Published: 1 December 2019 Abstract: The Populus L. genus includes tree species that are botanically grouped into several sections. This species successfully hybridizes both in the same section and among other sections. Poplar hybridization widely occurs in nature and in variety breeding. Therefore, the development of poplar species’ specific molecular markers is very important. The effective markers for trees of the Aigeiros Duby section have recently been developed using the polymorphism of 5S rDNA non-transcribed spacers (NTSs). In this article, 5S rDNA NTS-based markers were designed for several species of the Leuce Duby section. The alb9 marker amplifies one fragment with the DNA matrix of P. alba and P. × canescens (natural hybrid P. alba P. tremula). The alb2 marker works the same way, except for the × case with Populus bolleana. In this case, the amplification of three fragments was observed. The tremu1 marker amplification was detected with the DNA matrix of P. tremula and P. canescens. Thus, the × developed markers may be applied as a useful tool for P. alba, P. tremula, P. canescens, and P. bolleana × identification in various areas of plant science such as botany, dendrology, genetics of populations, variety breeding, etc.
[Show full text]
Callus Culture Callus P
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Chapter3 Plant Regeneration Through Organogenesis in Poplar1 Hoduck Kang and Young Woo Chun ity of specific genotypes for planting material (Ahuja 1987). Introduction Furthermore, as a model system for biotechnology programs, poplars have been intensively studied for in vitro micro propagation, genetic transformation, and gene expression. Among woody genera, Populus has been extensively The objectives of this review are to summarize: 1) organo studied as a model system for biotechnological research. genic regeneration of poplar by adventitious bud induction This genus of the Salicaceae family, widely distributed from various explants; and 2) physiological malformation across the Northern Temperate Zone (FAO 1980), is com of in vitro plantlets, which is a fundamental problem in pop posed of 5 sections: Leuce (currently termed Populus), lar micro-propagation. Aigerios, Tacamahaca, Turanga, and Leucoides (Dickman and Stuart 1983). Leuce is a large group that includes as pen and white poplars, which have great economic im portance. Aigeiros, considered the "true poplars," include the cottonwoods and black poplars. Tacamahaca, contain In Vitro Organogenesis ing the balsam poplars, is the largest poplar species group. The remaining 2 sections (Turanga and Leucoides) have Since 1980, poplars have been intensively studied for minor economic importance. in vitro establishment (Chun et al. 1988). Such studies re Populus species and hybrids are ideal for plywood and veal that Populus tissue exhibits a high degree of develop lumber production, and woody biomass production be mental plasticity, similar to tobacco in the herbaceous cause of rapid growth, ease of establishment through stem species.
[Show full text]
White Poplar (Populus Alba) As a Biomonitor of Trace Elements in Contaminated Riparian Forests
Environmental Pollution 132 (2004) 145e155 www.elsevier.com/locate/envpol White poplar (Populus alba) as a biomonitor of trace elements in contaminated riparian forests Paula Madejońa,*, Teodoro Maran˜ ońa, Jose´M. Murilloa, Brett Robinsonb aInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologıá, CSIC, P. O. Box 1052, E-41080, Seville, Spain bHorticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 11030, Palmerston North, New Zealand Received 1 August 2003; accepted 26 March 2004 ‘‘Capsule:’’: White poplar leaves can be used as biomonitors of soil pollution by Cd and Zn. Abstract Trees can be used to monitor the level of pollution of trace elements in the soil and atmosphere. In this paper, we surveyed the content of eight trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in leaves and stems of white poplar (Populus alba) trees. We selected 25 trees in the riparian forest of the Guadiamar River (S. Spain), one year after this area was contaminated by a mine spill, and 10 trees in non-affected sites. The spill-affected soils had significantly higher levels of available cadmium (mean of 1.25 mg kgÿ1), zinc (117 mg kgÿ1), lead (63.3 mg kgÿ1), copper (58.0 mg kgÿ1) and arsenic (1.70 mg kgÿ1), than non-affected sites. The concentration of trace element in poplar leaves was positively and significantly correlated with the soil availability for cadmium and zinc, and to a lesser extent for arsenic (logelog relationship). Thus, poplar leaves could be used as biomonitors for soil pollution of Cd and Zn, and moderately for As.
[Show full text]
Populus Breeding: from the Classical to the Genomic Approach (Brian J
Populus Breeding: From the Classical to the Genomic Approach (Brian J. Stanton, David B. Neale, and Shanwen Li - 2010) Populus Breeding: From the Classical to the Genomic Approach Brian J. Stanton, David B. Neale, and Shanwen Li Abstract Populus breeding is distinguished by a long history in forest tree improvement and its frequent dual reliance on inter-specific hybridization and vari- etal selection as the prominent domestication strategy. This chapter presents a review of the genecology and the principal long-term improvement approaches con- sidered in the manipulation of the genus’ key taxa, the pertinent experimental design features of worldwide varietal evaluation programs, and the current understanding of the morphological, physiological, and pathology components of yield and the physical and chemical components of wood quality. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the molecular tools being developed for an integrated translational genomics program to improve upon present breeding and selection methodologies. 1 Introduction Populus was the first woody perennial to gain recognition as a model for worldwide tree breeding programs because of the groundbreaking work in species hybridiza- tion, polyploid breeding, and investigations into pathogen resistance during the early part of the twentieth century (Pauley, 1949). More recently, the success that Populus clonal testing, selection, and deployment has achieved in boosting the trend toward worldwide varietal forestry over the last 20 years cannot be overestimated. Although tree improvement work in Populus may be surpassed in sophistication by today’s Pinus and Eucalyptus breeding programs, the model designation remains deserved in view of the sequencing of the Populus genome – the first of any tree in 2006 – and the subsequent investigations into genotype-phenotype associations.
[Show full text]
Natural Hybridization Between Cultivated Poplars and Their Wild
Natural hybridization between cultivated poplars and their wild relatives: evidence and consequences for native poplar populations An Vanden Broeck, Marc Villar, Erik van Bockstaele, Jos Vanslycken To cite this version: An Vanden Broeck, Marc Villar, Erik van Bockstaele, Jos Vanslycken. Natural hybridization between cultivated poplars and their wild relatives: evidence and consequences for native poplar populations. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Nature (since 2011)/EDP Science (until 2010), 2005, 62 (7), pp.601- 613. hal-00883933 HAL Id: hal-00883933 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00883933 Submitted on 1 Jan 2005 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ann. For. Sci. 62 (2005) 601–613 601 © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2005 DOI: 10.1051/forest:2005072 Review Natural hybridization between cultivated poplars and their wild relatives: evidence and consequences for native poplar populations An VANDEN BROECKa*, Marc VILLARb, Erik VAN BOCKSTAELEc, Jos VAN SLYCKENa a Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Research Station of the Flemish
[Show full text]
Populus Alba
Populus alba Populus alba in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats G. Caudullo, D. de Rigo are established for wood industries, where other poplars do not perform well, for example where the water table is inaccessible or The white poplar (Populus alba L.) is a medium-sized tree commonly occurring in coastal and riparian forests of central and the soil is poor or saline. In such cases, the wood can be used for southern Europe. Its wide range covers from the Mediterranean region to Central Asia. It is a fast-growing pioneer tree, biomass energy, as pulpwood for paper, for packaging (crates and which thrives in borders and sunny habitats in sandy alluvial soils and dunes. Its reproduction is primarily by root suckers boxes), pellets and partially as saw-logs. Plant density on pure arising from lateral roots from which it forms dense and large colonies. It is used as an ornamental tree appreciated for plantations can be higher than other poplars and the rotation its attractive double-coloured foliage, as a windbreak and for dune stabilisation thanks to its tolerance of salt winds. The reaches 18-25 years2, 6, 15. It is widely planted as an ornamental white poplar is free from threatening diseases, while it is considered an aggressive invasive species in North America, New tree in parks and gardens, for its attractive double-coloured Zealand and South Africa. This poplar covers an important ecological role as a component of floodplain mixed forests, which foliage2, 6. Poplar leaves could be used as cattle feed and as are ecosystems with very high biodiversity and that are strongly threatened by human activities.
[Show full text]
Populus Alba White Poplar
Technical guidelines for genetic conservation and use White poplar Populus alba Populus alba Populus alba popu Ion Palancean1, Nuria Alba (†)2, Maurizio Sabatti3 and Sven M.G. de Vries4 1 Institute of Botany – Chisinau - Republic of Moldova 2 Systems and Forest Resources Department CIFOR-INIA – Spain 3 Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems - University of Tuscia- Italy 4 Centre for Genetic Resources Netherlands- The Netherlands These Technical Guidelines are intended to assist those who cherish the valuable European white poplar gene pool and its inheritance, through conserving valuable seed sources or use in practical forestry. The focus is on conserving the genetic diversity of the species at the European scale. The recommendations provided in this module should be regarded as a commonly agreed basis to be complemented and further developed in local, national or regional conditions. The Guidelines are based on the available knowledge of the species and on widely accepted methods for the conservation of forest genetic resources. Biology and ecology European white poplar, Populus alba L., is a pioneer tree species in riparian forest ecosystems where it forms pure or mixed stands or, also, monoclonal small groups. The species grows on fertile alluvial soils but is found also growing on sandy and dry soils as a small tree. It tolerates to a certain extent long term inundations and low levels of soil salinity. White poplar is a light demanding and dioecious species. Poplar forests are transitional stands between willow forests and oak, elm and ash forests. White poplar is characterized by fast growth; at the age of 30- 40 years it reaches the height of 20-25 m and a diameter of 50 cm.
[Show full text]
Intraspecific and Interspecific Genetic and Phylogenetic Relationships In
Theor Appl Genet (2005) 111: 1440–1456 DOI 10.1007/s00122-005-0076-2 ORIGINAL PAPER M. T. Cervera Æ V. Storme Æ A. Soto Æ B. Ivens M. Van Montagu Æ O. P. Rajora Æ W. Boerjan Intraspecific and interspecific genetic and phylogenetic relationships in the genus Populus based on AFLP markers Received: 11 March 2004 / Accepted: 24 June 2005 / Published online: 7 October 2005 Ó Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract Although Populus has become the model genus pattern consistent with their known evolutionary rela- for molecular genetics and genomics research on forest tionships. A close relationship between Populus deltoides trees, genetic and phylogenetic relationships within this of the Aigeiros section and species of the Tacamahaca genus have not yet been comprehensively studied at the section was observed and, with the exception of Populus molecular level. By using 151 AFLPÒ (AFLPÒ is a wilsonii, between the species of the Leucoides, Taca- registered trademark of Keygene) markers, 178 acces- mahaca, and Aigeiros sections. Populus nigra was clearly sions belonging to 25 poplar species and three inter- separated from its consectional P. deltoides, and should specific hybrids were analyzed, using three accessions be classified separately from P. deltoides. The AFLP belonging to two willow species as outgroups. The ge- profiles pointed out to the lack of divergence between netic and phylogenetic relationships were generally some species and revealed that some accessions corre- consistent with the known taxonomy, although notable sponded with interspecific hybrids. This molecular study exceptions were observed. A dendrogram as well as a provides useful information about genetic relationships single most parsimonious tree, ordered the Populus among several Populus species and, together with mor- sections from the oldest Leuce to the latest Aigeiros,a phological descriptions and crossability, it may help re- view and update systematic classification within the Populus genus.
[Show full text]
Genome Sequences of Populus Tremula Chloroplast
Genome sequences of populus tremula chloroplast and mitochondrion: implications for holistic poplar breeding Birgit Kersten, Patricia Faivre Rampant, Malte Mader, Marie-Christine Le Paslier, Rémi Bounon, Aurélie Berard, Cristina Vettori, Hilke Schroeder, Jean-Charles Leplé, Matthias Fladung To cite this version: Birgit Kersten, Patricia Faivre Rampant, Malte Mader, Marie-Christine Le Paslier, Rémi Bounon, et al.. Genome sequences of populus tremula chloroplast and mitochondrion: implications for holis- tic poplar breeding. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2016, 11 (1), pp.1-21. 10.1371/jour- nal.pone.0147209. hal-02641357 HAL Id: hal-02641357 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02641357 Submitted on 28 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License RESEARCH ARTICLE Genome Sequences of Populus tremula Chloroplast and Mitochondrion: Implications for Holistic Poplar Breeding Birgit Kersten1☯*, Patricia Faivre Rampant2☯, Malte Mader3, Marie-Christine Le Paslier2, Rémi Bounon2, Aurélie Berard2, Cristina Vettori4, Hilke Schroeder1,3, Jean-Charles Leplé5, Matthias Fladung1 1 Genome Research, Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Grosshansdorf, Germany, 2 URGV-Plant Genomics Research, INRA, Evry, France, 3 Ecological Genetics, Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Grosshansdorf, Germany, 4 Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, 5 Research Unit AGPF, INRA, Orléans, France ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work.
[Show full text]