Intraspecific and Interspecific Genetic and Phylogenetic Relationships In
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Populusspp. Family: Salicaceae Aspen
Populus spp. Family: Salicaceae Aspen Aspen (the genus Populus) is composed of 35 species which contain the cottonwoods and poplars. Species in this group are native to Eurasia/north Africa [25], Central America [2] and North America [8]. All species look alike microscopically. The word populus is the classical Latin name for the poplar tree. Populus grandidentata-American aspen, aspen, bigtooth aspen, Canadian poplar, large poplar, largetooth aspen, large-toothed poplar, poplar, white poplar Populus tremuloides-American aspen, American poplar, aspen, aspen poplar, golden aspen, golden trembling aspen, leaf aspen, mountain aspen, poplar, popple, quaking asp, quaking aspen, quiver-leaf, trembling aspen, trembling poplar, Vancouver aspen, white poplar Distribution Quaking aspen ranges from Alaska through Canada and into the northeastern and western United States. In North America, it occurs as far south as central Mexico at elevations where moisture is adequate and summers are sufficiently cool. The more restricted range of bigtooth aspen includes southern Canada and the northern United States, from the Atlantic coast west to the prairie. The Tree Aspens can reproduce sexually, yielding seeds, or asexually, producing suckers (clones) from their root system. In some cases, a stand could then be composed of only one individual, genetically, and could be many years old and cover 100 acres (40 hectares) or more. Most aspen stands are a mosaic of several clones. Aspen can reach heights of 120 ft (48 m), with a diameter of 4 ft (1.6 m). Aspen trunks can be quite cylindrical, with little taper and few limbs for most of their length. They also can be very crooked or contorted, due to genetic variability. -
Towards an Understanding of the Evolution of Violaceae from an Anatomical and Morphological Perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St
University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Theses Graduate Works 8-7-2011 Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Hoyos, Saul Ernesto, "Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective" (2011). Theses. 50. http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis/50 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Saul E. Hoyos Gomez MSc. Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, 2011 Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science July 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. Chairperson Peter Jorgensen, Ph.D. Richard Keating, Ph.D. TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASAL EVOLUTION OF VIOLACEAE FROM AN ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Saul Hoyos Introduction The violet family, Violaceae, are predominantly tropical and contains 23 genera and upwards of 900 species (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert and Ballard 2010 in press). The family is monophyletic (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert & Ballard 2010 in press), even though phylogenetic relationships within Violaceae are still unclear (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008). The family embrace a great diversity of vegetative and floral morphologies. Members are herbs, lianas or trees, with flowers ranging from strongly spurred to unspurred. -
Salicaceae Cottonwood Cottonwood (The Genus Populus) Is Composed of 35 Species Which Contain the Aspens and Poplars
Populus spp. Family: Salicaceae Cottonwood Cottonwood (the genus Populus) is composed of 35 species which contain the aspens and poplars. Species in this group are native to Eurasia/north Africa [25], Central America [2] and North America [8]. All species look alike microscopically. The word populus is the classical Latin name for the poplar tree. Populus angustifolia-balsam, bitter cottonwood, black cottonwood, lanceleaf cottonwood, mountain cottonwood, narrowleaf cottonwood, narrow leaved poplar, Rydberg cottonwood, smoothbark cottonwood, willow cottonwood, willowleaf cottonwood Populus balsamifera-balm, balm of Gilead, balm of Gilead poplar, balm cottonwood, balsam, balsam cottonwood, balsam poplar, bam, black balsam poplar, black cottonwood, black poplar, California poplar, Canadian balsam poplar, Canadian poplar, cottonwax, hackmatack, hairy balm of Gilead, heartleaf balsam poplar, northern black cottonwood, Ontario poplar, tacamahac, tacamahac poplar, toughbark poplar, western balsam poplar Populus deltoides*-aspen cottonwood, big cottonwood, Carolina poplar, cotton tree, eastern cottonwood, eastern poplar, fremont cottonwood, great plains cottonwood, Missourian poplar, necklace poplar, northern fremont cottonwood, palmer cottonwood, plains cottonwood, Rio Grande cottonwood, river cottonwood, river poplar, southern cottonwood, Tennessee poplar, Texas cottonwood, valley cottonwood, Vermont poplar, Virginia poplar, water poplar, western cottonwood, whitewood, wislizenus cottonwood, yellow cottonwood Populus fremontii-Arizona cottonwood, -
Checklist of Common Native Plants the Diversity of Acadia National Park Is Refl Ected in Its Plant Life; More Than 1,100 Plant Species Are Found Here
National Park Service Acadia U.S. Department of the Interior Acadia National Park Checklist of Common Native Plants The diversity of Acadia National Park is refl ected in its plant life; more than 1,100 plant species are found here. This checklist groups the park’s most common plants into the communities where they are typically found. The plant’s growth form is indicated by “t” for trees and “s” for shrubs. To identify unfamiliar plants, consult a fi eld guide or visit the Wild Gardens of Acadia at Sieur de Monts Spring, where more than 400 plants are labeled and displayed in their habitats. All plants within Acadia National Park are protected. Please help protect the park’s fragile beauty by leaving plants in the condition that you fi nd them. Deciduous Woods ash, white t Fraxinus americana maple, mountain t Acer spicatum aspen, big-toothed t Populus grandidentata maple, red t Acer rubrum aspen, trembling t Populus tremuloides maple, striped t Acer pensylvanicum aster, large-leaved Aster macrophyllus maple, sugar t Acer saccharum beech, American t Fagus grandifolia mayfl ower, Canada Maianthemum canadense birch, paper t Betula papyrifera oak, red t Quercus rubra birch, yellow t Betula alleghaniesis pine, white t Pinus strobus blueberry, low sweet s Vaccinium angustifolium pyrola, round-leaved Pyrola americana bunchberry Cornus canadensis sarsaparilla, wild Aralia nudicaulis bush-honeysuckle s Diervilla lonicera saxifrage, early Saxifraga virginiensis cherry, pin t Prunus pensylvanica shadbush or serviceberry s,t Amelanchier spp. cherry, choke t Prunus virginiana Solomon’s seal, false Maianthemum racemosum elder, red-berried or s Sambucus racemosa ssp. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Populus Tremula
Populus tremula Populus tremula in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats G. Caudullo, D. de Rigo The Eurasian aspen (Populus tremula L.) is a fast-growing broadleaf tree that is native to the cooler temperate and boreal regions of Europe and Asia. It has an extremely wide range, as a result of which there are numerous forms and subspecies. It can tolerate a wide range of habitat conditions and typically colonises disturbed areas (for example after fire, wind-throw, etc.). It is considered to be a keystone species because of its ecological importance for other species: it has more host-specific species than any other boreal tree. The wood is mainly used for veneer and pulp for paper production as it is light and not particularly strong, although it also has use as a biomass crop because of its fast growth. A number of hybrids have been developed to maximise its vigour and growth rate. Eurasian aspen (Populus tremula L.) is a medium-size, fast-growing tree, exceptionally reaching a height of 30 m1. The Frequency trunk is long and slender, rarely up to 1 m in diameter. The light < 25% branches are rather perpendicular, giving to the crown a conic- 25% - 50% 50% - 75% pyramidal shape. The leaves are 5-7 cm long, simple, round- > 75% ovate, with big wave-shaped teeth2, 3. They flutter in the slightest Chorology Native breeze, constantly moving and rustling, so that trees can often be heard but not seen. In spring the young leaves are coppery-brown and turn to golden yellow in autumn, making it attractive in all vegetative seasons1, 2. -
Poplars and Willows: Trees for Society and the Environment / Edited by J.G
Poplars and Willows Trees for Society and the Environment This volume is respectfully dedicated to the memory of Victor Steenackers. Vic, as he was known to his friends, was born in Weelde, Belgium, in 1928. His life was devoted to his family – his wife, Joanna, his 9 children and his 23 grandchildren. His career was devoted to the study and improve- ment of poplars, particularly through poplar breeding. As Director of the Poplar Research Institute at Geraardsbergen, Belgium, he pursued a lifelong scientific interest in poplars and encouraged others to share his passion. As a member of the Executive Committee of the International Poplar Commission for many years, and as its Chair from 1988 to 2000, he was a much-loved mentor and powerful advocate, spreading scientific knowledge of poplars and willows worldwide throughout the many member countries of the IPC. This book is in many ways part of the legacy of Vic Steenackers, many of its contributing authors having learned from his guidance and dedication. Vic Steenackers passed away at Aalst, Belgium, in August 2010, but his work is carried on by others, including mem- bers of his family. Poplars and Willows Trees for Society and the Environment Edited by J.G. Isebrands Environmental Forestry Consultants LLC, New London, Wisconsin, USA and J. Richardson Poplar Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Published by The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and CABI CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way 38 Chauncey Street Wallingford Suite 1002 Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 800 552 3083 (toll free) Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Tel: +1 (0)617 395 4051 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. -
Populus Alba White Poplar1 Edward F
Fact Sheet ST-499 October 1994 Populus alba White Poplar1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION White Poplar is a fast-growing, deciduous tree which reaches 60 to 100 feet in height with a 40 to 50-foot-spread and makes a nice shade tree, although it is considered short-lived (Fig. 1). The dark green, lobed leaves have a fuzzy, white underside which gives the tree a sparkling effect when breezes stir the leaves. These leaves are totally covered with this white fuzz when they are young and first open. The fall color is pale yellow. The flowers appear before the leaves in spring but are not showy, and are followed by tiny, fuzzy seedpods which contain numerous seeds. It is the white trunk and bark of white poplar which is particularly striking, along with the beautiful two-toned leaves. The bark stays smooth and white until very old when it can become ridged and furrowed. The wood of White Poplar is fairly brittle and subject to breakage in storms and the soft bark is subject to injury from vandals. Leaves often drop from the tree beginning in summer and continue dropping through the fall. Figure 1. Middle-aged White Poplar. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Populus alba DESCRIPTION Pronunciation: POP-yoo-lus AL-buh Common name(s): White Poplar Height: 60 to 100 feet Family: Salicaceae Spread: 40 to 60 feet USDA hardiness zones: 4 through 9 (Fig. 2) Crown uniformity: irregular outline or silhouette Origin: not native to North America Crown shape: oval Uses: reclamation plant; shade tree; no proven urban toleranceCrown density: open Availability: somewhat available, may have to go out Growth rate: fast of the region to find the tree Texture: coarse 1. -
Poplar Chap 1.Indd
Populus: A Premier Pioneer System for Plant Genomics 1 1 Populus: A Premier Pioneer System for Plant Genomics Stephen P. DiFazio,1,a,* Gancho T. Slavov 1,b and Chandrashekhar P. Joshi 2 ABSTRACT The genus Populus has emerged as one of the premier systems for studying multiple aspects of tree biology, combining diverse ecological characteristics, a suite of hybridization complexes in natural systems, an extensive toolbox of genetic and genomic tools, and biological characteristics that facilitate experimental manipulation. Here we review some of the salient biological characteristics that have made this genus such a popular object of study. We begin with the taxonomic status of Populus, which is now a subject of ongoing debate, though it is becoming increasingly clear that molecular phylogenies are accumulating. We also cover some of the life history traits that characterize the genus, including the pioneer habit, long-distance pollen and seed dispersal, and extensive vegetative propagation. In keeping with the focus of this book, we highlight the genetic diversity of the genus, including patterns of differentiation among populations, inbreeding, nucleotide diversity, and linkage disequilibrium for species from the major commercially- important sections of the genus. We conclude with an overview of the extent and rapid spread of global Populus culture, which is a testimony to the growing economic importance of this fascinating genus. Keywords: Populus, SNP, population structure, linkage disequilibrium, taxonomy, hybridization 1Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6057, USA; ae-mail: [email protected] be-mail: [email protected] 2 School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author 2 Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Poplar 1.1 Introduction The genus Populus is full of contrasts and surprises, which combine to make it one of the most interesting and widely-studied model organisms. -
Universita' Degli Studi Di Parma
UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI PARMA DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN BIOTECNOLOGIE XXIII° CICLO FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF POPLAR (Populus nigra L. and P. nigra x P. deltoids) DURING ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO METALS Coordinatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Nelson Marmiroli Relatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Nelson Marmiroli Tutor: Dott.ssa Marta Marmiroli Dott.ssa Giovanna Visioli Dottorando: Dott. Davide Imperiale CONTENTS 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 HEAVY METALS POLLUTION....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES AND PHYTOREMEDIATION ............................................................................................... 7 1.3 HYPERACCUMULATION .......................................................................................................................................... 10 1.4 MECHANISM OF BIOACCUMULATION IN PLANTS .......................................................................................................... 14 1.5 PHYTOREMEDIATION USING WOODY TREES ................................................................................................................ 17 1.6 PROTEOMICS ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 1.7 PROTEIN SEPARATION TECHNIQUES ......................................................................................................................... -
ANÁLISE in SILICO DE RELAÇÕES FILOGENÉTICAS DE PLANTAS BASEADAS NO GENE Ga20ox
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PAMPA CAMPUS SÃO GABRIEL PROGRAMA DE PÓS- GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ANÁLISE IN SILICO DE RELAÇÕES FILOGENÉTICAS DE PLANTAS BASEADAS NO GENE GA20ox DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO LILIAN DE OLIVEIRA MACHADO SÃO GABRIEL, RS, BRASIL 2012 ANÁLISE IN SILICO DE RELAÇÕES FILOGENÉTICAS DE PLANTAS BASEADAS NO GENE GA20ox Lilian de Oliveira Machado Dissertação apresentada ao programa de Pós- Graduação Stricto sensu em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA,RS), como requisito parcial para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Valdir Marcos Stefenon São Gabriel, RS, Brasil 2012 MACHADO, Lilian de Oliveira Análise In Silico de Relações Filogenética s de Plantas Baseadas no Gene GA20ox / Lilian de Oliveira Machado. 23folhas; Dissertação (Mestrado) Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2012. Orientação: Prof. Dr. Valdir Marcos Stefenon. 1.Sistemática e Ecologia. 2. Ecologia Molecular. 3.Filogenia de plantas. I. Stefenon, Valdir Marcos. II. Doutor Lilian de Oliveira Machado ANÁLISE IN SILICO DE RELAÇÕES FILOGENÉTICAS DE PLANTAS BASEADAS NO GENE GA20ox Dissertação apresentada ao programa de Pós- Graduação Stricto sensu em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA,RS), como requisito parcial para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas. Área de concentração: Genética. Dissertação defendida e aprovada em 14 de dezembro de 2012. Banca Examinadora: AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço, primeiramente, a Deus por todas as oportunidades que me ofertou, pela força e coragem nos momentos mais difíceis. Agradeço aos meus queridos pais, Altivo e Saionara, por todo carinho, apoio, compreensão, confiança e amor incondicional. A minha vó amada, Vera!!!! Muito obrigada por tudo que sempre fez por mim, pelo apoio e amor incondicional. -
Fremontii, Populus Angustfolia, and Their Hybrids
aCICNCC DIRECT. DIocnemlcal 8 systematics and ecoloav-, ELSEVIER Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 33 (2005) 125-131 Foliar phenolic glycosides from Populus fremontii, Populus angustfolia, and their hybrids Brian ~ehill~.*,Allen claussb, Lindsay Wieczoreka, Thomas Whithamc, Richard Lindrotha aDepartment of Entomology. University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Road, Madison, WI 53706, USA b~epartmentof Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, I101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA CDepartmentof Biological Sciences & The Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA Received 28 February 2004; accepted 16 June 2004 Abstract Salicortin (1) and HCH-salicortin (2) were isolated and identified from the foliage of Populus fremontii and its F1 hybrids with Populus angust$olia. Salicortin, but not HCH-salicortin, also occurred in P. angustifolia and complex backcrosses to angustifolia. Concentrations ranged from 0 to 17.5% dry weight for salicortin and 0 to 5.9% dry weight for HCH-salicortin. HCH- salicortin may possess potent anti-herbivore activity as it contains two of the hydroxycyclo- hexen-on-oyl moieties known to confer such activity to salicortin. Further, this compound may be a useful chemotaxonomic character within the genus Populus, since it appears to occur in section Aigeiros but not in section Tacamahaca. O 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights resewed. Keywords: Populus fremontii; Populus angustifolia; Salicaceae; Ecological biochemistry; Salicortin; HCH- salicortin; Anti-herbivore compounds * Corresponding author. Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, 572 Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA. Tel.: + 1 410 293 6637; fax: + 1 410 293 2218. E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Rehill). 0305-1978/$ - see front matter O 2004 Elsevier Ltd.