An Analytical Study of Supply Chain Planning Process for Solar Renewable Energy Suppliers in Bangalore During Year 2010-2015
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An analytical study of supply chain planning process for solar renewable energy suppliers in Bangalore during year 2010-2015 A Thesis submitted to Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.) In Management Under the board of management Submitted by Raj Kumar Shukla Under the Guidance of Dr. Sanjay R. Mali March, 2016 C E R T I F I C A T E This is to certify that the thesis entitled “An analytical study of supply chain planning process for solar renewable energy suppliers in Bangalore during 2010-2015” which is being submitted herewith for the award of the Degree of Vidyavachaspati (Ph.D.) in Management of Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune is the result of original research work completed by Shri. Raj Kumar Shukla under my supervision and guidance. To the best of my knowledge and belief the work incorporated in this thesis has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree or similar title of this or any other University or examining body upon him. Sanjay R. Mali Signature of the Research Guide Pune 2nd March, 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to extend my deep gratitude to the people who supported me to bring this research to final form. I wish to first thanks my research guide Dr. Sanjay R Mali for his valuable guidance in completing my research work and the Vice - Chancellor of Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune Dr. Deepak J. Tilak for the encouragement he gave me during course work of research in learning research methodology. I am as deeply grateful to Dr. Rajan Dhemdhere and Dr Sunita Bhole for their help, professionalism, and valuable guidance on subject of management as a part of department of management, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth. I do not have enough words to express my deep and sincere appreciation for Dr. Amit Kumar Pandey from R. K Goel College of Engineering, Ghaziabad and and Dr. Sanjay Mishra from Lotus business school, who supported me by providing direction from their latest learning in their Phd. work. I am extremely grateful to Dr. Kailash Bawle, Dr. Shrikant Karlekar, Dr. Apurva Palkar, Mr. Sreedhar Gokhale, Dr. Roshan Kazi, Dr. M C Dixit, Dr Umesh Keskar (Registrar –TMV) and Mrs. Pranati Tilak who supported in research methodology and course work I am thankful to my Phd batch mates in Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth Dr. Priya Jagtap, Samir Buwa to continuously share appropriate information whenever required. I am thankful to Dr. Dhananjay Deshpandey, Director, Pune Institute of Business Management for his encouragement to undertake research work. I owe my gratitude to the solar industrial managers and the staff who responded to the interview and surveys from the solar industry. I extend my sincere thanks to all my family members, specially my wife who supported me to keep me free from family affairs to devote time to research. My father-in-law Shri R K Pandey who has always encouraged to undertake research work and my sister-in-law Ms. Priya Pandey and brother Mr. Abhishek Shukla who kept me near academic study at later part of my professional career. I received motivation and inspiration for this research work from my father Mr. Prabhu Nath Shukla and my mother Mrs. Saroj Shukla. Finally my thanks are due to all those persons who have directly or indirectly helped me in the completion of this work. Raj Kumar Shukla DECLARATION I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “An analytical study of supply chain planning process for solar renewable energy suppliers in Bangalore during year 2010-2015” completed and written by me has not previously been formed as the basis for the award of any Degree or other similar title upon me of this or any other Vidyapeeth or examining body. Raj Kumar Shukla Signature of the Research Student Pune nd 2 March, 2016 . CONTENT So No TITLE PAGE No. 1 CONTENT 2 LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND GRAPHS i-ii 3 ABSTRACT 1 - 9 4 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 10 - 43 5 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 44 - 66 6 Chapter 3: OBJECTIVE, SCOPE & HYPOTHESIS 67 - 81 7 Chapter 4: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 82 - 102 8 Chapter 5: ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION 103 - 188 9 Chapter 6: LIMITATION OF STUDY AND FUTURE SCOPE 189 - 193 10 Chapter 7: CONLCUSION 194 - 209 11 Chapter 8: SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 210 - 218 12 LIST OF ABBREVATIONS iii-iv 13 Appendix I: INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE v-ix 14 Appendix II: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE x-xiv 15 RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS xv 16 BIBLIOGRAPHY xvi-xxviii vii List of Table, Figures and Graphs Chapter -1 List of Tables TABLE 1-1 Application of solar business segments TABLE 1-2 JNNSM plan for deployment of solar power TABLE 1-3 Steps involve in project allocation under MNRE support TABLE 1-4 Year wise electricity tariff TABLE 1-5 Current and projected requirements for solar equipments List of Figures Fig 1-1 Schematic of solar value chain Fig 1-2 Journey of solar energy deployment Fig 1-3 A pictorial depiction of solar value chain Chapter -4 List of Tables TABLE 4-1 Sampled solar companies for interview TABLE 4-2 Role wise sampled companies for interview TABLE 4-3 Role and solar business segment wise survey sample Chapter-5 List of Tables TABLE 5-1 Relationship between Procurement factor and planning preference TABLE 5-2 Global market, price and policy comparison TABLE 5-3 Planning Procurement Factors and preference to global or domestic supplies TABLE 5-4 Relationship between Chinese Prices and Non-European sale TABLE 5-5 Regression Table showing strength of correlation of graph 5-1 TABLE 5-6 Relation between type of material and planning decision by role TABLE 5-7 Relationship between role and planning objective TABLE 5-8 Relationship between planning role and SCM sustainability objective TABLE 5-9 Primary decision driver of stocking from global and domestic source TABLE 5-10 Relationship between planning hierarchy and decision effectiveness TABLE 5-11 Relationship between planning hierarchy and global sourcing TABLE 5-12 Relationship between planning hierarchy and domestic sourcing i TABLE 5-13 Major solar supplies and their supplies TABLE 5-14 Solar material and illustrative lead time TABLE 5-15 Solar technology biased state support and share deployment TABLE 5-16 A depiction of various central and state solar programs and bid winners TABLE 5-17 Relationship between solar business segment and planning iterations TABLE 5-18 Relationship between reasons of iteration and size of solar installations TABLE 5-19 Assessment of extent of ideal sequence of material being followed TABLE 5-20 Correlation between stage of order and planning iterations TABLE 5-21 Iteration related with business segment and time of year TABLE 5-22 Relationship between fund availability and iteration increment TABLE 5-23 Non-moving inventory declaration and planning iterations TABLE 5-24 In-house/Outsourced manufacturing and iterations TABLE 5-25 Quantum of in-house value and iterations TABLE 5-26 Business segment and iterations List of Figures Fig 5-1 Mapping of solar installation versus extent of state support Fig 5-2 Share of solar installation split by technology of modules List of the graphs Graph 5-1 Correlation between Chinese Prices and percentage non-European sale Graph 5-2 Influential decision of cells & module by role Graph 5-3 Influential decision of BOS by role Graph 5-4 Influential decision of solar products by role Graph 5-5 Pattern of global and sale equivalent inventories Graph 5-6 Relationship between the solar installations and state support Graph 5-7 Extent of ideal sequence of material dispatch is being followed Graph 5-8 Stage of order and planning iterations Graph 5-9 Segment wise nos. of iterations in first and second half of year Graph 5-10 Split between response of iteration based on fund availability Graph 5-11 Relationship between inventory per unit of sale and iterations Graph 5-12 Inventory excess/non-moving and iterations Graph 5-13 Relationship between credit period and iterations ii Abstract “An analytical study of supply chain planning process for solar renewable energy suppliers in Bangalore during year 201-15” An evolved understanding in supply chain planning literature is to ensure that required material reaches to customers on time at a most optimum cost, in order to enhance supply chain surplus. Supplies chain “planning variables” are required to be considered depending solar industry sector. The study presented here hypothesising “planning variables” which are not covered specifically by literature for solar industry. Following four umbrella hypotheses are concluded. First hypothesis The research brings out an analysis on “planning” process from global supplies, as a means of optimization of cost and primary decision makers for “planning” across industry. Hypothesis discussion also brings out a specific role of planners, played by “state” to serve broader sustainability objectives, beyond just supply chain optimization. Second hypothesis brings out prime factor for solar demand as a dependent variable, as a function of state support or a comparative support status of two or more than two states. Third hypothesis describe, number of planning iteration carried out in a solar supply chain. Optimum iterations is dependents on degree of demand and supply visibility and variations in it. The research highlights some of such factors causing extra planning iterations in solar industry, directly affects demand and supply, unlike a matured supply chain planning. Fourth hypothesis analyses the skills and competencies required to manage solar supply chain planning “width” factors. It is hypothesised that the generic planning skills and competencies alone are not sufficient to build a strong supply chain planning for solar industry. Chapter -1: Introduction Chapter covers the details of solar industry development, its value chain, challenges, trends and complexities imperative to supply chain planning.