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I INDONESIAN SECURITY COOPERATION of MARITIME INDONESIAN SECURITY COOPERATION OF MARITIME SECURITY ISSUES IN ADDRESSING TRANS-NATIONAL CRIMES AS PARTICULARLY WEAPON SMUGGLING (2010-2012) By STEPHANIE MELLISSA L WULLUR ID no. 016201000068 A thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanities In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor Degree in International Relations Major in Strategic and Defense Studies September 2017 i THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER This thesis entitled “Indonesian Security Cooperation of Maritime Security Issues in Addressing Trans-National Crimes as Particularly Weapon Smuggling (2010-2012)” prepared and submitted by Stephanie Mellissa L Wullur in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the School of International Relations has been reviewed and found to have satisfied the requirements for a thesis fit to be examined. I therefore recommend this thesis for Oral Defense Cikarang, Indonesia, September 28th, 2017 ________________________________ Prof. A.A Banyu Perwita, Ph.D ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that this thesis, entitled “Indonesian Security Cooperation of Maritime Security Issues in Addressing Trans-National Crimes as Particularly Weapon Smuggling (2010-2012)” is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, an original piece of work that has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree. Cikarang, Indonesia, September 28th, 2017 _____________________________ Stephanie Mellissa L Wullur iii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET The Panel of Examiners declare that the thesis entitled “Indonesian Security Cooperation of Maritime Security Issues in Addressing Trans-National Crimes as Particularly Weapon Smuggling (2010- 2012)” that was submitted by Stephanie Mellissa Leonora Wullur majoring in International Relations from the Faculty of Humanities was assessed and approved to have passed the Oral Examinations on September 30, 2017. Teuku Rezasyah, Ph.D Panel of Examiners Hendra Manurung, SIP., MA Examiner Prof. Anak Agung Banyu Perwita, Ph.D Thesis Adviser iv ABSTRAK Kerjasama Keamanan Indonesia Untuk Masalah Keamanan Maritim Dalam Menangani Kejahatan Lintas Negara Khususnya Penyelundupan Senjata (2010-2012) Isu-isu keamanan non-tradisional semakin banyak terjadi dan berkembang secara global, dan dalam penulisan ini penulis mengangkat isu keamanan lintas negara. Kejahatan lintas negara sering ditemukan di negara-negara yang memiliki wilayah laut yang luas seperti negara-negara di Asia Tenggara. Salah satu kejahatan lintas negara yang terjadi di Indonesia yaitu penyelundupan senjata. Indonesia merupakan negara maritime yang diharapkan bisa memaksimalkan keamanan maritime. Aktifitas penyelundupan senjata mengganggu keamanan maritime bahkan keamanan nasional Indonesia. Bentuk tanggapan pemerintah Indonesia terhadap kasus penyelundupan senjata itu yaitu dengan melakukan beberapa kerjasama keamanan dengan negara- negara lain. Penulis mengangkat topik ini karena dirasa penting untuk pembaca mengetahui masalah penyelundupan yang ada di Indonesia dan sekitarnya beserta sebab akibatnya. Penulis mengharapkan karya ilmiah ini dapat membantu pembaca untuk mengetahui tentang kerjasama keamanan yang digunakan pemerintah Indonesia dalam merespon kasus penyelundupan senjata serta pentingnya keamanan maritime bagi negara-negara dengan wilayah laut yang luas khususnya Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Keamanan Maritim, Kejahatan Lintas Negara, Kerjasama Keamanan, Penyelundupan Senjata v ABSTRACT “Indonesian Security Cooperation of Maritime Security Issues in Addressing Trans-National Crimes as Particularly Weapon Smuggling (2010-2012)” Non-traditional security issues are increase and growing globally, and in this research the writers address trans-national security issue. Transnational crime is often found in countries that have huge of marine areas such as countries in Southeast Asia. One of the transnational crimes occurred in Indonesia is weapon smuggling. Indonesia is a maritime country that is expected to maximize its maritime security. Weapon smuggling activities disturbing the maritime security even national security of Indonesia. The Indonesian government's response to the weapons smuggling case is by doing some security cooperation with other countries. The writer discussed about this topic because it is important for readers to know the problem of weapon smuggling in Indonesia and its surrounding. The writer hopes that this research will help the readers to know about the security cooperation that used by the Indonesian government in responding to weapon smuggling cases and the importance of maritime security for countries with huge marine area especially Indonesia. Keyword: Maritime Security, Trans-National Crime, Security Cooperation, Weapon Smuggling vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT Praise the Lord Jesus, I am very grateful because only by His grace, blessed and favor, after struggling for years I am able to finish my thesis. Thank You Lord for not letting me give up on my thesis, for not leave me when I was down, for giving me the strength until finally I finished it. Thank You so much my dear Lord. This thesis will not be possible without the support from my family, especially to my mother, father, brother, sister, cousins, uncles and aunties who are always cheer me up, convinced me, and the most important always pray for me. I would like to thank them for the unconditional love and endless support. This thesis writing process is simply impossible without them. With my best gratitude I would like to thank Mr. Anak Agung Banyu Perwita as my adviser. Thank you for your patience, kindness, and assisting during the writing of my thesis, also Mr. Teuku Rezasyah who supported me and asking me whenever I am not going to campus, asked me to finish my thesis as soon as possible so I can make my parents proud. For all the lecturers in President University especially in International Relations Study Program, thank you for all your contribution in my study until I finished it. Thank you for all lecturers who have given me lots of valuable knowledge. I do really thankful for my friends who are always be there for me when I feel down, they were always support me to finish my thesis. Thank you Eka Satya for all your help whole this time, thank you for your time and everything you have done for me. Thank you Icha, Jumi, Wulan and Devin who were never tired to remind me to finish my thesis, thank you for all the memories we shared together. vii For the last I would like to give my gratitude to Mbak Yunita, Mbak Merry, Mbak Artha and all the staffs in President University who were helped me for my administration and other things, thank you all for the help and kindness to me. For my beloved one, Trian, thank you for always remind me, mad at me when I got lazy to write my thesis, thank you for not getting tired to support me when I felt down, I love you. May God bless you all, thank you so much. Thank You Lord Jesus viii TABLE OF CONTENTS THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER .............................................ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ........................................................................ iii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET ....................................... iv ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................ v ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT …………………………………………………………..vii TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................... xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...…………………………………………………1 I.1 Background of the Study ………………………………………………..1 I.2 Problem Identification …………………………………………………..8 I.3 Statement of the Problem ………….…………………………………..11 I.4 Research Objectives ……………………………………………………11 I.5 Significance of the Study ……………………………………………….12 I.6 Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………..12 I.6.1 Non-Traditional Security as a New Security Concept ……..13 I.6.2 Cooperative Security/ Security Cooperation………………..16 I.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study ……………………………………21 I.8 Research Methodology …………………………………………………21 I.9 Thesis Structure ………………………………………………………..22 CHAPTER II ISSUES AND PROBLEMS OF MARITIME SECURITY IN INDONESIA ……………………………………………………………………….25 II.1 The Issues of Maritime Security ……………………………………..25 II.1.1. Definition of Maritime Security …………………………...25 II.1.2. The Overview of Maritime Crimes in Southeast Asia …...30 II.1.3. Maritime Security Issues and Problems in Indonesia ……35 II.1.3.1 Piracy ………………………………………………35 ix II.1.3.2 Weapon Smuggling ………………………………..39 II.1.3.3 Human Trafficking ……………………………….41 II.1.3.4 Commodities Smuggling and Fish Theft Problems Discourses ………………………………………………….42 CHAPTER III WEAPON SMUGGLING IN THE REGION AND INDONESIA ……………………………………………………………………....45 III.1 Weapon Smuggling ………………………………………………….45 III.1.1 Definition of Smuggling ………………………………......46 III.1.2 Factor of Weapon Smuggling Activities …………………48 III.2 Weapon Smuggling In the Region and Indonesia ………………...50 III.2.1 The Overview of Weapon Smuggling Activities in Southeast Asia ………………………………………………………………...50 III.2.2 Indonesian Regions as a Spot to Enter the Weapons from Outside …………………………………………………………….54 III.2.2.1 Weapon Smuggling Through North Sumatra ...54 III.2.2.2 Weapon Smuggling Through Riau Islands ……56 III.2.2.3 Weapon Smuggling Through Soekarno-Hatta International Airport ……………………………………..58 III.2.2.4 Weapon Smuggling Through Philippines Route………………………………………………………..58
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