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Anurans of Amapá National Forest, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

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Anurans of Amapá National Forest, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil Herpetology Notes, volume 10: 627-633 (2017) (published online on 10 November 2017) Anurans of Amapá National Forest, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil Ronildo Alves Benício1,* and Jucivaldo Dias Lima2 Abstract. Eastern Amazonia has an elevated biological diversity and a relatively high degree of preservation. However, there are still considerable gaps in knowledge about the herpetofauna of the area. The anuran fauna of the Brazilian Amapá State is little known and the studies are scarce. Here, we present the first list of species of anurans of Amapá National Forest, Eastern Amazonia. We recorded a total of 53 species of anurans, being the inventory with the second highest number of specimens registered in Amapá State. We present the conservation status of the species and discuss species diversity in comparison to other areas. Amapá State presents a knowledge gap about its anurans with only five published inventories from localities throughout the State. Keywords: Amphibians, Conservation Unit, Conservation Status, FLONA Amapá, Guiana Shield Introduction conservation status, little is known about the diversity of amphibians of this part of Eastern Amazonia. Currently there are 7,729 species of amphibians in To date, 156 species of amphibians have been the world, and the Neotropical region is home to the recorded for Tumucumaque Mountains National Park greatest diversity of amphibians (Frost, 2017). Brazil (Amapá State), being one of the regions with elevated is the country with the greatest richness of the world’s species richness in the Guiana Shield (Lima, 2008). amphibians, with 1,080 species described to date, of Specifically, Amapá State was little studied in relation to which 60% are endemic (Segalla et al., 2016). their anuran fauna (e.g., Bitar et al., 2017): the majority Brazilian Amazonia is home to 308 species of anurans of studies are descriptions of species and new records (Hoogmoed & Galatti, 2017), which represents 29% of species’ occurrences (Bokermann, 1967; Silverstone, of all species of Brazilian anurans. Located in Eastern 1975, 1976; Hoogmoed, 1979a,b; Hoogmoed & Gruber, Amazonia, Amapá State is part of the Guiana Shield, 1983; Caldwell & Hoogmoed, 1998; Señaris & Avila- and has an elevated diversity of habitats such as terra Pires, 2003; Señaris & MacCuolloch, 2005; Avila-Pires firme (upland) forests, flooded forests, complex lakes, et al., 2007; Costa-Campos et al., 2014; Silva e Silva extensive portions of mangrove, vegetation types & Costa-Campos, 2014; Costa-Campos & Freire 2015; associated with rocky outcrops, open marshy areas, and Fouquet et al., 2015; Silva e Silva & Costa-Campos, a significant portion of Amazonian savannahs. Amapá 2016; Fouquet et al., 2016). State has more than 90% of its surface unaltered by Amapá regions were classified as high importance human activities and about 70% of its area is protected for fauna inventories in Brazilian Amazonia (Bernard, by federal legislation being a mosaic of 12 conservation 2008). Despite this, there are still large sampling gaps units and five indigenous lands (Bernard, 2008). (Azevedo-Ramos & Galatti, 2002). There are only five Despite this vast richness in vegetation types and good inventories throughout the State (Lima, 2008; Queiroz et al., 2011; Pereira-Júnior et al., 2013; Araújo & Costa- Campos, 2014; Lima et al., 2017). The Amapá National Forest (FLONA Amapá) was the first Sustainable Use 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Conservation Unit (established in 1989) of the State, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, and there is still no officially published list of species of Brazil. amphibians from this FLONA. Most of the information 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE - UFAM/UNIFAP, available comes from unpublished reports. Thus, this Macapá, Amapá, Brazil. study aims to present the first list of species of anurans * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] of Amapá National Forest, Eastern Amazonia. 628 Ronildo Alves Benício & Jucivaldo Dias Lima Figure 1. Geographical location of the study area and sampling transects, Amapá National Forest, Amapá State, Brazil. Materials and Methods rains. As each expedition was considered as a sample in the total inventory it was not possible to produce a Study area.—We conducted the study in Amapá curve of species accumulation. We sampled 10 transects National Forest (FLONA), municipality of Ferreira of 1 km each (Figure 1), visited during the day (8:00 Gomes, Amapá State, Brazil (0°55’29”N, 51°35’45”W, to 12:00 h) and night (18:00 to 22:00 h). The transects Figure 1). With approximately 460,000 hectares, Amapá National Forest has a high degree of preservation. It is were distant by at least 1 km. Two people participated in located between the rivers Araguari, Falsino and Mutum, the collections and the search effort corresponded to 8 in the central region of Amapá, with a predominance of person-hours per day for each transect. Therefore, each terra firme forest. transect had the same sampling effort of 32 person-hours, totalling 320 person-hours for the 10 transects, and each Sampling.—We conducted three expeditions within an transect was visited by day and night at least once in area of rapid assessment surveys at long-term ecological each expedition. We collect at least 10 individuals of research (RAPELD) sites of the Brazilian Program for each species on each expedition. Collected specimens Biodiversity Research (PPBio). The RAPELD is a were killed by overdose of anaesthetic (lidocaine liquid standardized arrangement of trails and permanent plots 10%), fixed in 10% formalin solution and preserved in (Magnusson et al., 2013). We sampled the area during 70% alcohol solution. All the specimens were housed in 56 days in the period of the most intense rains in Amapá the Coleção Herpetológica do Museu Paraense Emílio FLONA, in January 2012 (first expedition), February Goeldi (MPEG) and Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e 2012 (second expedition), and February to March 2014 Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA). Taxonomic (third expedition). We used the method of visual active nomenclature follows Frost (2017), including recent search (Crump & Scott Jr., 1994). Pitfall traps were not changes proposed by Duellman et al. (2016) and used because of regular flooding of the grid area after Dubois (2017). Unidentified species are candidate taxa Anurans of Amapá National Forest, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil 629 or part of species complexes. The conservation status of 2008); in Reserva Extrativista do Rio Cajari (Queiroz et species was obtained from the international Red List of al., 2011); in a forest fragment in metropolitan Macapá endangered species (IUCN 2017). (Pereira-Júnior et al., 2013); in Reserva Biológica do Parazinho (Araújo & Costa-Campos, 2014), and in the Results savannah of the Rio Curiaú Environmental Protection Area (Lima et al., 2017). We recorded a total of 515 individuals of 53 species The list of species of anurans for FLONA Amapá until of anurans, belonging to the following families: now was based only on unpublished reports. Thus, we Allophrynidae (1 sp.), Aromobatidae (3 spp.), Bufonidae present the first list of species of anurans of Amapá (5 spp.), Centrolenidae (2 spp.), Ceratophryidae (1 sp.), National Forest, Eastern Amazonia. Furthermore, we Craugastoridae (5 spp.), Dendrobatidae (2 spp.), Hylidae present the status of conservation of the amphibian (25 spp.), Leptodactylidae (7 spp.) and Microhylidae (2 species occurring in the area. Total number of species spp.) (Table 1, Figure 2). recorded in this study was higher than that found The most abundant species were Rhinella margaritifera in the Reserva Biológica do Parazinho (13 species; (n = 82), Boana cinerascens (n = 34), Pristimantis Araújo & Costa-Campos, 2014), in a forest fragment chiastonotus (n = 32), Adenomera andreae (n = 30), in metropolitan Macapá (20 species, Pereira-Júnior et Trachycephalus coriaceus (n = 25), Osteocephalus al., 2013), in the Reserva Extrativista do Rio Cajari taurinus (n = 23), Pristimantis marmoratus (n = 22), (40 species, Queiroz et al., 2011), and in the savannah Allophryne ruthveni (n = 21) and Rhinella castaneotica of the Rio Curiaú Environmental Protection Area (28 (n = 20). Thirty-two species presented intermediate species, Lima et al., 2017); but lower than that found abundance (between fifteen and two records); and in other State Conservation Unit, the Parque Nacional eleven species (Anomaloglossus sp1., Pristimantis Montanhas do Tumucumaque (66 species, Lima, 2008). zeuctotylus, Ameerega pulchripecta, Dendropsophus It is important to note that richness assessments, and leucophyllatus, Dendropsophus nanus, Dendropsophus consequently comparisons among sites, are highly sp1., Dendropsophus sp2., Adenomera hylaedactyla, influenced by sampling design, techniques and effort. Leptodactylus fuscus, Chiasmocleis sp1., Otophryne The number of species recorded here for the FLONA pyburni) were rare, with only one record each (Table Amapá is still underestimated, as sampling effort 1). has been concentrated in particular months and was Eight species (Anomaloglossus sp1., Anomaloglossus restricted to the PPBio research grid, covering an area sp2., Pristimantis sp1., Pristimantis sp2., Dendropsophus of 25 km2. sp1., Dendropsophus sp2., Scinax sp1. and Chiasmocleis The amphibian richness for the Amazonian biome sp1.) may represent new species or are part of species is highly underestimated considering taxonomic
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