Boris Lurie Art Foundation, New York

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Boris Lurie Art Foundation, New York BORIS LURIE NO!Art Бориса Лурье / NO!Art of Boris Lurie Июнь 2011 / June 2011 Выставка организована при поддержке Художественного Фонда Бориса Лурье, Нью-Йорк This exhibit is organized with the generous support of the Boris Lurie Art Foundation, New York Зверевский центр современного искусства благодарит за содействие нью-йоркских кураторов выставки Леонида Дрознера и Игоря Сатановского Zverev Center for Contemporary Art would like to thank Leonid Drozner and Igor Satanovsky (New York) Тексты: Дональд Каспит, Александр Соколов Дизайн каталога: Александр Соколов Фотографии работ предоставлены Фондом Бориса Лурье, Нью-Йорк Зверевский центр современного искусства, Москва, ул.Новорязанская, 29, Тел./Phone: +7 499 2656166 [email protected], www.zverevcenter.ru. Железнодорожный коллаж. 1959 Коллаж, бумага 38.1 x 54.6 см Railroad Collage. 1959 Collage on paper 38.1 x 54.6 cm Без названия. Без даты Бумага, холст, фольга, коллаж 44.5 x 78.7 см Untitled. No date Oil and paper collage on foil 44.5 x 78.7 cm Здесь в Нью-Йорке иначе Here in New York things are different чем в буковом лесочке...* than in the little beech grove...* Из стихотворения Бориса Лурье (1955) From a Boris Lurie poem, 1955 Текст: Александр Соколов by Alexander Sokolov Художник Борис Лурье, родившийся в Ленинграде в 1924-м Boris Lurie, regrettably, is practically unknown in Russia. The art- году,к сожалению, практически неизвестен в России. Он умер ist died in 2008 in New York, where he lived for 63 years and until в 2008 году в Нью-Йорке, где до недавних пор также не был recently was not in the public eye there either. The Lurie family известен широкой публике. До войны семья Лурье жила в lived in Riga until 1941 when German troops invaded Latvia. His Риге. Его бабушка, мать и младшая сестра оказались среди grandmother, mother and elder sister were among the 26 thou- 26 000 евреев, уничтоженных зимой 41- го года, когда в Ригу sand Jews killed in winter of 1941 in a forest near Riga. Boris and вошли немецкие войска. Борис с отцом попали в гетто, от- his father found themselves in a Ghetto, from where their horrify- куда началось — под номерами 95966 и 95967 — их страшное ing journey began under the numbers 95966 and 95967, from one путешествие по концентрационным лагерям — Саласпилс, concentration camp to another: Salaspils, Stutthof, Buchenwald. Штуттхоф, Бухенвальд… In 1945 they were liberated by the American military and used the В 1945 году они были освобождены американскими войсками opportunity to emigrate to the United States. Lurie continued his и эмигрировали в США. В Нью-Йорке, где Борис Лурье получил art education at the Art Students League, where he befriended образование в Art Students Ligue, он познакомился со студен- many students who later became his followers. As early as in the тами, многие из которых стали его последователями.Уже в late 1940s his paintings, still classically fi gurative, refl ect his life’s конце 40-х в своей живописи — тогда еще классически фигу- experiences, using the imagery of the concentration camps. ративной — он перерабатывает свой опыт, изображая сцены By 1958 he began to use the cutouts from the printed media, концентрационных лагерей. newspaper clippings, cosmetics ads, election campaigns post- Начиная с 1958 года, он использует фрагменты печатных из- ers, pinups—continuing to work on the theme of the Holocaust. даний, вырезки из газет, рекламу косметики, плакаты выбор- In 1959, together with Sam Goodman and Stanley Fisher, he ных кампаний, пинапы, продолжая при этом работать с темой launched the radical movement, NO!art. It was meant to be an Холокоста. opposition to Abstract Expressionism and Pop-Art and a critical В 1959 году — совместно с Сэмом Гудманом и Стэнли Фишером commentary against consumerist society. The anti-capitalist mes- — Лурье организует радикальное движение NO!art как реак- sage of Boris Lurie’s art was based on his experience with цию на абстрактный экспрессионизм, но, главное, как German Nazis and Latvian collaborators, so it never had a оппозицию поп-арту и критику консьюмеристского общества. __________ ___________ *Lurie puns on the literary meaning of Buchenwald, a German Nazi *Буковый лес — Buchenwald, буквальный перевод с немецкого. concentration camp. Чемодан. 1964 Кожаный чемодан, коллаж, масло 38 x 58.5 x 17.8 см Искусство Лурье с его антикапиталистической направленно- chance to become compatible with the American art system. стью, основанной на опыте, привнесенном немецкими на- His work, marked with harshly provoking juxtapositions of piles цистами и латвийскими коллаборационистами, оказывается of dead bodies and advertising pinups, shocked the visitors of невостребованным арт-системой Америки. Присущая его Buchenwald Memorial opened after the end of the war. The работам жесткая провокация — объединение методом коллажа well-known Lurie work, The Railway Collage (1959), is now on в одном произведении гор трупов в концлагерях с рекламными permanent display there. Lurie called it Flatcar Assemblage 1945 пинапами — шокировала посетителей мемориала, открытого в by Adolf Hitler. It shows an open freight car loaded with naked, Бухенвальде после войны. Известная работа Лурье “Железно- dead prisoners’ bodies with a superimposed buttocks taken from a дорожный коллаж” (1959) теперь находится там в постоянной porno magazine. экспозиции. Эта работа, которую Лурье называл “Вагонный The American art world refused to accept these brutal provoca- ассамбляж 1945 года производства Адольфа Гитлера” (fl atcar tions, which conveyed opposition to Abstract Expressionism as assemblage 1945 by Adolf Hitler), представляет открытый товар- well as to Pop-Art and the whole art-system. The public preferred ный вагон, заполненный обнаженными трупами заключенных, the abstract-expressionist works marked with their ability to с наклеенным сверху порно-изображением задницы. evade interpretations and based on form, color and material, Мир американского искусства не принял брутальности таких works against fi gurative painting, whose victorious march over the Suitcase. 1964 Oil and paper collage on leather case 38 x 58.5 x 17.8 cm провокаций, в которых считывалась критика и абстрактного western nations was not randomly coincidental in the time of the экспрессионизма, и поп-арта, и арт-системы в целом. Cold War (Matthias Reichelt). “Предпочтение отдавалось ускользающим от интерпретации, The vulgarity of Abstract Expressionism as a bourgeois-owned основанным на форме, цвете и материале, работам абстракт- avant-garde possesses an immanent deception which implies good ного экспрессионизма, чье победное шествие против фигу- taste where it is not present (T. J. Clark). Abstract Expression- ративной живописи по западным странам во время Холодной ism epitomizes an unfounded claim of the petit bourgeoisie for войны никак нельзя считать случайным”. (Маттиас Райхельт) an aristocratic individuality. At the same time it manipulates the Вульгарности абстрактного экспрессионизма — собственного impulse of the viewer to constitute the object of imagination on авангарда буржуазии — присущ имманентный обман, выда- the basis of painterly sensorial reality. The eye is constantly redi- ющий за хороший вкус то, что им не является. (T. J. Clark). rected to the elemental components of painting itself: line, color, Абстрактный экспрессионизм воспроизводил необоснованную surface. (T. J.Clark, Farewell to an Idea: Episodes from a History претензию мелкой буржуазии, обывателя на аристократи- of Modernism New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,1999, p. 375). ческую индивидуальность. И, в то же время, «блокировал Even those Pop-Art works that seemed to be close to Lurie in their импульс зрителя к конституированию — на основании живо- use of mass-media imagery of ads and pinups were perceived by писной чувственной реальности — объекта воображения. Глаз him as a conformist art in service of preserving the status quo. постоянно направлялся обратно к собственным элементам Harold Rosenberg writes about the NO!art artists: “. they живописи — линии, цвету, плоской поверхности». (T. J.Clark, showed a natural enmity to cool, slick Pop and post-Dada Farewell to an Idea: Episodes from a History of Modernism, New Rauschenberg, Lichtenstein and other housetrained kittens”. (Bull Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999, стр 375). by the Horns by Harold Rosenberg (1974)) Но и поп-арт, близкий Лурье в использовании массмедийных Sometimes Lurie is called Andy Warhol’s poor brother. In fact, изображений — рекламы, пинапов — понимался им как конфор- Lurie, being the founder of NO!art, criticized the conformism of мистское искусство в интересах существующего статус-кво. modern art, its compliance with the system. In this respect he Харольд Розенберг пишет о художниках NO!art: «Они от- was ahead of his time, proclaiming ideas of anti-art that have носились враждебно к равнодушному и ловкому поп-арту been articulated much later by other artists. 10 years before the и пост-дадаизму Раушенберга, к Лихтенштейну и другим Punk culture and well ahead of the radicalism of the 80s NO!art выдрессированным кошечкам». (Bull by the Horns by Harold predated (1960) Piero Manzoni’s Excrement and (1972) Marcel Rosenberg (1974)) Broodthaers, who labeled his collection of works (Département Лурье называют иногда «бедным братом Энди Уорхола». des aigles) by the notation “This is not art”. Boris Lurie cooperat- Фактически Лурье — как инициатор NO!art — критиковал со- ed and was on friendly terms with many artist such as Wolf Vostell временное им искусство за конформизм и соглашательство с and Allan Kaprow.
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