Amoud University

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Amoud University World Development Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 641±656, 2001 Ó 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev 0305-750X/01/$ - see front matter PII: S0305-750X00)00120-0 Somali Reconstruction and Local Initiative: Amoud University ABDI ISMAIL SAMATAR * University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA and Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa Summary. Ð No one could have predicted Somalia's disintegration into ``clan'' ®efdoms. The country was thought to be one of the most homogenous nation-states in Africa. Many observers stridently insist that clan structures are necessary for Somalia's rehabilitation. All international sponsored reconciliation conferences premised on the centrality of the clan failed. I argue that Somalia's shared cultural values were necessary, but an insucient basis for national cohesion. Public institutions are key to sustainingshared values and foraginganinclusive identity. Local initiatives like Amoud University, a community-owned institution, is the forerunner of a new type of Somali institution that caters to common, rather than sectarian, interests. If initial steps are sustained, this local initiative could mark the birth of a new Somalia. Ó 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Key words Ð Somalia, public institutions, shared values, social capital, sectarian entrepreneurs, Amoud University 1. INTRODUCTION resources declines when mined continuously without the society reinvestingin them. The Observers of African nation-states assumed callous exploitation of shared cultural resources that Somalia was unique in the continent as the not only impoverishes their richness and resil- nation and the state nearly overlapped. The iency, but may also turn them into a national population shared many social and cultural liability. This is exactly what has transpired in traits, such as language, mode of economic Somalia. If a society does not take the long- production, and religion. Given its social and term vitality of cultural resources for granted, cultural base, the state was thought to be via- however, but continuously and consciously ble. Just over a decade ago, it would have been replenishes their richness and value, they will impossible to imagine the disintegration of the continue to be a source of social cohesion. This Somali state. Today, many political commen- means that a society must actively nourish tators are similarly strident about the clan inherited shared values and develop new ones structure beingessential to the very essence of a that reinforce the appeal of this common heri- Somali community. The commentators argue tage. that it is not possible to reconstruct Somalia The most important addition to Somalia's without the clan beingthe basis of the new pool of shared resources since the middle of last polity. century has been the 7colonial) state and its These essentialist arguments are grounded on institutions. The imposition of the state, in its a limited understandingof Somali political colonial and post-colonial forms, induced history. They also lack an appreciation of the art of state formation. The ``shared social and cultural heritage'' thesis fails to recognize that * I want to thank the supporters, sta and students of common traits can form a necessary, but Amoud University, and the Borama public for respond- insucient foundation for buildingstate insti- ingto my questions. Special gratitudeto Hajis Dahir tutions that cater to the community's collective Elmi and Jama Muhmumed, Suliman Ahmed Gulaid, interest. The ability of cultural resources to Abdirahman H. Dahir, and Mohamed Abdillahi You- bind a society together depends on how they nis. I appreciate the useful suggestions made by two are used. The socially unifyingappeal of these referees. Final revision accepted: 1 November 2000. 641 642 WORLD DEVELOPMENT social processes that had the potential to rein- cause. Shared values across communities are force and positively transform shared value in the basis of civic bonds and trust in a society. an inclusive manner, or to undermine and But the state must take leadership in nurturing distort their appeal to the entire community. 1 society-wide civic bonds. Communities, in turn, The state's impact on the vitality of shared must scrupulously monitor state actions to values, depends on whether the authorities use ensure that public institutions function in ways public institutions to nurture a common or that consistently enhance the quality of those sectarian agenda. The diminishing attractive- shared values. Such partnership between state ness of traditional shared Somali values is not and community will facilitate social capital due to Somalis' primordial predisposition for generation in relatively short time. 6 divisiveness. Instead it is due to the misuse of The followingdiscussion about Amoud public institutions and resources for private University shows that buildingpeople's con®- gain. Moreover, the use of public power to dence that they can work together for common intimidate and punish those who try to protect good and establishing their trust in public common causes has delegitimated public institutions is not necessarily a long-term authority and the worth of these public proposition. I argue that there is one critical resources. The authorities' cynical manipula- factor to reversingthe trends of the last three tion of shared values and traditions to mollify decades in Somalia. That key is to create public distrust and prolongtheir tenure further institutions that constrain sectarian entrepre- alienated the public from the state. The public neurs while strengthening shared values and is not only hostile toward the state but is deeply hopes. The community-owned Amoud mistrustful of anyone who attempts to mobilize University may signal a new type of public them on the basis of shared sentiments. institution in Somalia, one that will enhance Traditional analysts of Somali politics have accountability, rebuild public trust, and cited two occurrences as evidence of the Soma- advance a common agenda. lis' sectarian nature despite the fact that they The rest of the discussion is divided into three share a common language, culture, and reli- parts. Section 2 panoramically sketches Somali gion. 2 These occurrences are the Somalis' elite politics and describes how they destroyed recent antipathy toward the state and national- public trust for state institutions and under- ism, and the warlords' success in carvingup the mined the importance of shared norms. Section country into ®efdoms. Advocates of the clanist 3 narrates how Borama community members thesis wrongly insist that a clan-based federal are tryingto resuscitate common cause through dispensation is the only political formula that the establishment of Amoud University. will reunite Somalia. They erroneously assume Section 4 assesses Amoud University's signi®- that genealogical dierences led to Somalia's cance to the remakingof public trust in disintegration. 3 I argue that the causes of the Borama and Somalia and the re-formingof a Somali calamity are: state leaders' failure to inclusive national identity. nurture shared cultural and social commonalties and sectarian entrepreneurs' instrumentalist accentuation of social dierences. The innocu- 2. ELITE POLITICS AND DESTRUCTION ous dierences' transformation has become OF PUBLIC TRUST lethal weapon in the hands of sectarians. The state's credibility has been destroyed A key development problem in Africa is the because it failed to guard common interest and discrepancy between states' claims and the the erosion of social solidarity based on inclu- impacts of its actions on communities. Most sive values makes Somali reconstruction an Africans assume that state managers care little awesome task. Putnam's thesis that buildinga about the common good and are in business for stock of social capital requires many decades themselves and their clients. Somalis are seems to apply here. 4 If Putnam is right, it will extreme amongAfricans in this antipathy. take a longtime for generalizedsocial trust to Hostile feelings toward state authorities rarely develop 7millenarian). Tendler's thesis that existed 40 years ago when most countries public trust can be built in a relatively short become independent. Hopingto replace colo- time seems more feasible. 5 These authors' nial bosses with regimes that respected Afri- seemingly contradictory positions are reconcil- cans' dignity and managed public aairs justly, able. Communities and states can steadily Africans routed colonial authorities. This generate trust and con®dence for common section brie¯y sketches how the mismanage- AMOUD UNIVERSITY 643 ment of public institutions in Somalia turned The second republic 71964±67) is singularly Somalis' hope into despair. unique in postcolonial Somali history on two Public despondency in the continent is deep. accounts. First, the 1964 national parliamen- In fact, today citizens are shocked when they tary elections exposed the ascendancy and receive courteous and ecient service from a strength of the sectarian forces and the public servant. This sharply contrasts with opportunistic tendencies of many elite popular opinion from 40 years ago when people members. The number of political parties embraced the nationalist project. 7 Somalis proliferated into 24 as individual elite shared this optimism in 1960 and their nation- members tried to gain a parliament seat in alism generated incredible fervor and social order to loot the public
Recommended publications
  • Somaliland In-Figures
    SOMALILAND IN-FIGURES EDITION 9 Table of Contents Page Preface 1 1. Introduction 2 2.Geography and Climate 2 2.1 Location 2 2.2 Area 2 2.3 Climate 2 2.4 Rainfall 3 2.5 Humidity 3 3.Administrative Sub-divisions 3 3.1 State 3 3.2 Regions and Districts 3 3.3 Capital 3 3.4 Other Principal Towns 3 3.5 Ports 3 4.Population 4 4.1 Vital Statistics 4 4.2 Population Density 4 4.3 Religion 4 4.4 Languages 4 4.5 Currency 4 5.Government Employees 5 6.Economic Sector 7 6.1. Banking 7 6.2 Livestock 7 6.3 Agriculture 9 6.3.1 Rain-fed Farming and Irrigation 9 6.3.2 Marketing of Agricultural Produce 9 6.3.3 Cereal Harvest in 2011 9 6.4 Light Industries 11 6.5 Fisheries 12 6.5.1 Artisan Fishing 12 6.5.2 Industrial Fishing 12 6.5.3 Fish Canneries 13 6.5.4Marketing 13 6.6 Revenue and Expenditure Central Government 15 6.7 Local Government Revenue and Expenditure 17 6.8 Import 22 6.9 Export 31 6.9.1 Livestock Export 31 6.10 Transport and Communication 37 Page 2 7. Social Sector 42 7.1 Education 42 7.1.2 Primary Education 43 7.1.3 Secondary Education 46 7.2 Higher Education 49 7.3 Health 75 7.3.1 Public Health 75 7.3.2 Private Health Service 81 7.4 Justice 90 7.4.1 Criminal Statistics 90 7.4.2 Prisoners 93 7.4.3 Vehicle Accident 94 7.5 Water 96 7.5.1 Available Water Facility 96 7.5.2 Status Boreholes 97 Page 3 PREFACE The Ministry of National Planning and Development (MNP& D) has the honour of presenting the 2012 edition of Somaliland In-Figures.
    [Show full text]
  • School of Postgraduate Studies & Research
    AMOUD SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES & RESEARCH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH PROPOSAL VIVA VOCE Monday 25 January 2021 AT THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH PREMISES Candidate Programme Topic Marks Effectof Financial Management Practices on Financial Performances of SMEs in Finance and 1- Ahmed D. Aden Accounting Borama District, Awdal Somaliland Effect of Microfinance services on the Growth of Micro, Small and Medium 2- Abdilahi E. Finance and Ibrahim Accounting Enterprises in Borama District, Somaliland Effect of Asset Management on Profitability of a Company in Borama District, Finance and 3- Saed D. Omar accounting Somaliland Factors Affecting performance of Monitoring and Evaluation System in SOSTA Monitoring and 4- Ahmed A. Ibrahim Evaluation Organization in Borama District, Somaliland. Influence of Project Management on Success of Software Developments in Small- 5- Abdikarim M. Project Planning Muse and Management Scale Software Firms in Borama District, Somaliland. Factors Influencing performance of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems in Local Monitoring and 6- Abdirashid S. Ali Evaluation. Non-Government Organization in Borama Town, Somaliland. School of Postgraduate Studies and Research 1 Candidate Programme Topic Marks Influence of Risk Management Function on Project Success of Local Non- Project Planing 7- Ali A. Abdilahi and Management Governmental Organizations in Borama District, Somaliland Factors Influencing the Application of Monitoring and Evaluation system of Monitoring and 8- Abdirizak H. Bile Evaluation Educational Projects Funded By SAYS Organization Borama District, Somaliland. Factors Influencing implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation join program in Monitoring and 9- Degmo A. Oman Evaluation. Local Non-Government Organization in Borama District, Somaliland. Panelists 1. Morvin Achila (Chair ……………………………….…………. 2. Charles Wachira (Secretary) ……………………………….………….
    [Show full text]
  • The State of the Higher Education Sector in Somalia South-Central, Somaliland, and Puntland Regions
    The State of the Higher Education Sector in Somalia South-Central, Somaliland, and Puntland Regions June 2013 Published in 2013 by the Heritage Institute for Policy Studies Amira Hotel Road, KM5 Junction, Mogadishu, Somalia The Heritage Institute for Policy Studies The Heritage Institute for Policy Studies is an independent, non-partisan, non- profit policy research and analysis institute based in Mogadishu, Somalia. As Somalia’s first think tank, it aims to inform and influence public policy through empirically based, evidence-informed analytical research, and to promote a culture of learning and research. Cover: Students at the University of Somalia Photograph by Omar Faruk Rights: Copyright © The Heritage Institute for Policy Studies Cover image © Omar Faruk Text published under Creative Commons Licence Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative www.creativecommons.org/licences/by/nc-nd/3.0. Available for free download at www.heritageinstitute.org Table of Contents Chapter 1: Executive summary 1 1.1 Findings 2 Chapter 2: Methodology 3 2.1 Survey of HEIs 3 2.2 Site selection and sampling 4 2.3 Research questions, data collection tools, and analysis 4 2.4 Data limitation 4 Chapter 3: Background of the education sector in Somalia 5 3.1 Pre-colonial and colonial education 5 3.2 Post-independence education 5 3.3 Education post-1991 6 Chapter 4: Current state of the higher education sector 8 4.1 Growth patterns 8 4.2 Number of students 8 4.3 Number of lecturers 9 4.4 Qualification of lecturers 9 4.5 Faculty numbers and types 10 4.6 Distribution
    [Show full text]
  • Master of Science in Technical Education
    MASTER OF SCIENCE IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING A STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE GAP BETWEEN UNIVERSITY GRADUATES AND THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE POWER COMPANIES IN MAROODI- JEEX REGION, SOMALILAND. BY MAHAMUD MUSA ABDI STD NO: 161031208 M.SC.T.E (EEE) DEPARTMENT OF TECHICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT) THE ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION (OIC) DHAKA, BANGLADESH NOVEMBER, 2018 i ii DECLARATION This is to certify that the work presented in this thesis is the outcome of the investigation carried out by Mahamud Musa Abdi, under the supervision of Professor Dr.Faruque A.Haolader in the Department of Technical and Vocational Education (TVE), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh. It is hereby declared that this thesis which is submitted to the university for the degree of Master of Science in Technical Education (Electrical and Electronic Engineering) has not or never been submitted elsewhere for the award of any Degree or Diploma at any other university or educational establishment. ____________________________ ________________________ Prof.Dr. Faruque A.Haolader Mahamud Musa Abdi Supervisor Student No: 161031208 Professor, TVE Department, IUT M.Sc.T.E, TVE Department, IUT Academic Year: 2017-2018 iii DEDICATION This research work is dedicated to my dear late mother Deka Muhumed and My dear late father Musa Abdi iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I thank to almighty Allah for giving me wisdom, strength and health to enable me to complete my course of Masters and Thesis successfully, despite my trying times. I wish to extend my deepest heartfelt appreciation to OIC member state for the scholarship which has been given to me this opportunity to attend this eye-opening course of Master at IUT.
    [Show full text]
  • Somaliland In- Figures
    SOMALILAND IN- FIGURES EDITION 6 Table of Contents Preface Page 1. Introduction 2 2. Geography and Climate 2 2.1 Location 2.2 Area 2.3 Climate 2.4 Rainfall 2.5 Humidity 3. Administrative sub-divisions 3 3.1 State 3.2 Regions and Districts 3.3 Capital 3.4 Other principal towns 3.5 Ports 4. Population 4 4.1 Vital Statistics 4.2 Population density 4.3 Religion 4.4 Languages 4.5 Currency 5. Livestock 5 6. Agriculture 6 6.1 Rain-fed farming and Irrigation 6.2 Marketing of Agricultural produce 6.3 Cereal harvest in 2007 7. Fisheries 8 7.1 Artisan fishing 7.2 Industrial Fishing 7.3 Fish canneries 7.4 Marketing 8. Economy 12 8.1 Banking 8.2 Import and Export 9. Transport and Communication 50 10. Education 54 10.1 Primary education 10.2 Secondary education 10.3 Higher education 11. Health 72 11.1 Public health 11.2 Private health 12. Miscellaneous 74 12.1. Criminal Statistics In Somaliland 2006---2007 12.2 Water I LIST OF TABLES Table 5.1 Estimated total population of Livestock: 2003------2007 5 Table 6.1 Estimated area, production and yield of major crops 7 Table7.1 Price of Fish in 2007(January to December 9 Table 7.2 Industrial (off-shore) Production on seasonal based. 10 T able 7.3 Fishing fleet spatial distributions on site base: 2007 11 Table 8.1 Central government revenue and expenditure at current price: 2003—2007 12 Table 8.2 Trends in expenditure: 2007 13 Table 8.3 Trends in revenue: 2007 13 Table 8.4 local government revenue and expenditure Hargeisa: 2003—2007 14 Table 8.5 Local government revenue and expenditure Gabilay: 2003----2007
    [Show full text]
  • Public Health Working Together to Rebuild Health Care in Post-Conflict
    Public Health Working together to rebuild health care in post-confl ict Somaliland Andrew Leather, Edna Adan Ismail, Roda Ali, Yasin Arab Abdi, Mohamed Hussein Abby, Suleiman Ahmed Gulaid, Said Ahmed Walhad, Suleiman Guleid, Ian Maxwell Ervine, Malcolm Lowe-Lauri, Michael Parker, Sarah Adams, Marieke Datema, Eldryd Parry In 1991, the Somali National Movement fi ghters recaptured the Somaliland capital city of Hargeisa after a 3-year civil Lancet 2006; 368: 1119–25 war. The government troops of the dictator General Mohamed Siad Barre fl ed south, plunging most of Somalia into a Published Online state of anarchy that persists to this day. In the north of the region, the redeclaration of independence of Somaliland July 20, 2006 took place on May 18, 1991. Despite some sporadic civil unrest between 1994 and 1996, and a few tragic killings of DOI:10.1016/S0140- 6736(06)69047-8 members of the international community, the country has enjoyed peace and stability and has an impressive King’s College Hospital, London development record. However, Somaliland continues to await international recognition. The civil war resulted in the SE5 9RS, UK (A Leather FRCS, destruction of most of Somaliland’s health-care facilities, compounded by mass migration or death of trained health I M Ervine FRCA, personnel. Access to good, aff ordable health care for the average Somali remains greatly compromised. A former M Lowe-Lauri MSc, medical director of the general hospital of Hargeisa, Abdirahman Ahmed Mohamed, suggested the idea of a link M Parker FCCA); Edna Adan Hospital, Hargeisa, Somaliland between King’s College Hospital in London, UK, and Somaliland.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Mukhtar Ahmed Muhumed Hargeisa, Somalia E-mail: [email protected] Mobile: +252634721873 1. Profile Financial Officer with 5 years of working experience including; Accountant and accounting, financial analyst and Finance Officer. Confident and knowledgeable with proven record of accomplishments in financial management including; internal controls, budgets management, expenditure documentation, payment process, working with auditors and implementation of audit recommendations. 2. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: Bachelor in Business Administration in accounting and finance 2009-2013 Amoud University, Borama, Somaliland Diploma in Information Technology (IT) EELO University – Borama, Somaliland 2012- 2013 3. WORK EXPERIENCE: Finance Officer HAC Somaliland TOYOTA Certified Distributor April 2016 – Present Prepare the monthly financial report, bank conciliation and petty cash management on monthly basis. Assist the partners financial report. · Provide report to the partner in quarterly meeting in Djibouti. · Prepare the employees payroll and ensure tax deduction both national and international staffs. Assist both internal and external auditors for process. Cover all accounting responsibilities and fill the finance manager position. · Monitor daily financial transaction including the cash transfer to absorb timely funds. Review and approve payments. Post and update system daily basis. Finance Officer Gulf Agency Marill Service Ltd, Hargeisa, Somaliland Jan 2014 – March 2016 Contributed financial policies and procedures to improve the accounting system of the company. Provided financial feedback to the intentional and local mangers. Updated asset register both manual files and the quick-book page system. Prepared daily financial documents, purchase orders, payment vouchers, checks and record all transactions on daily basis into the accounting packaging software. Planed and prepared the yearly budget and supervised regarding the budget requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Research and Knowledge Systems in Somalia and Somaliland
    Country profile: Somali Regions Research and knowledge systems in Hjhj Somalia and Somaliland An analysis prepared for INASP by Faduma Abukar Mursal, Abdullahi Odowa and Jason Mosley Contents jjk Preface ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Authors .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Political analysis – Jason Mosley ............................................................................................................ 3 Somalia ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Research, knowledge and education-based systems in Somalia – Faduma Abukar Mursal ................. 6 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Research and knowledge systems in Somalia ................................................................................ 6 2.1 Research centres and focus areas ............................................................................................ 6 2.2 Research and the role of donor institutions in Somalia ............................................................. 9 2.3 Research dynamics and politics ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Briefing Paper on the Status and Prospects for Borama Water Supply Somaliland
    C.PRINT, B.PETRUCCI, A.MAHMOUD, A.CIGE, O.AHMED 35th WEDC International Conference, Loughborough, UK, 2011 THE FUTURE OF WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE: INNOVATION, ADAPTION AND ENGAGEMENT IN A CHANGING WORLD Briefing paper on the status and prospects for Borama water supply Somaliland C. Print (UK), B. Petrucci, A. Mahmoud, A. Cige & O. Ahmed REVIEWED PAPER 1258 An important centre of learning for Somaliland, over the last century Borama has grown to around 10,000 settled households today. Faced with an uncertain operating environment, keeping pace with demand for improved water services has presented considerable challenges to Borama community and international partners over recent years. Drawing evidence from secondary sources and a rapid purposive research exercise, the development trend to the current status of Borama’s water supply is described, in terms of water resources, water sources, supply engineering and management of service delivery. Insight into recent efforts to sustainably manage ground-water resources are presented, as are encouraging results in service development and delivery by SHABA water utility, operating through a pilot PPP contract. Based on results and an assessment of constraints and opportunities identified by the authors, discussion and recommendations are offered. Context In Awdal region of Western Somaliland located 9o56’N 43o11’E rests Borama town, close to the Ethiopian border and within the upper slopes of the Dur-Dur watershed. Close to the confluence with Amoud tugga, Damok spring was traditionally a home water source of the Gadabursi clan, and Borama community. Recognised also as a traditionally important centre of learning, over the last century Borama has grown to become a market town of around 10,000 settled households, in a semi-arid, predominantly agro-pastoral area.
    [Show full text]
  • Research in Somalia: Opportunities for Cooperation
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Pellini, Arnaldo et al. Research Report Research in Somalia: Opportunities for cooperation ODI Report Provided in Cooperation with: Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London Suggested Citation: Pellini, Arnaldo et al. (2020) : Research in Somalia: Opportunities for cooperation, ODI Report, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/216987 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ www.econstor.eu Report Research in Somalia: opportunities for cooperation Arnaldo Pellini with Deqa I. Abdi, Guled Salah, Hussein Yusuf Ali, Kalinaki Lawrence Quintin, Mohamed Abdi Hassan, Salim Said, Amina Khan and Ed Laws February 2020 Readers are encouraged to reproduce material for their own publications, as long as they are not being sold commercially.
    [Show full text]
  • DHAXALREEB SERIES I/2012 May 2012 Ponte Invisibile Ed
    May, 2012 ISSN 2074-028X Dhaxalreeb - I-2012 DHAXALREEB SERIES I/2012 May 2012 Ponte Invisibile Ed. WE LOST A FRIEND, A HERO A tribute to a true patriot Dr. Abdishakur A Jowhar, [Borama, 1952 – Tulli (Borama), 2012] Jama Musse Jama www.redsea-online.com This e-book is published by Ponte Invisibile Edizioni, REDSEA-ONLINE.COM Publishing Group May 2012 – first edition – Pisa | www.redsea-online.com | [email protected] We lost a friend, a hero Jama Musse Jama Taxanaha Dhaxalreeb: [1] Jama Musse Jama, Juun 2005 Layli Robot: Makiinad iswadda oo ciyaarta Layli Goobalay [2] Cabdiraxmaan Faarax ‘Barwaaqo’ iyo Mohamoud H. Nugidoon, Noofember 2005 Qalabka iyo Suugaanta Qodaalka. [3] Cabdiraxmaan Faarax ‘Barwaaqo’, Diisember 2005 Mahadhadii Muuse Xaaji Ismaaciil Galaal. [4] Cabdiraxmaan Faarax ‘Barwaaqo’, Jeenarweri 2006 Kumaa ah Aabbaha Miisaanka Maansada Soomaaliyeed: ma Carraale mise Gaarriye? [5] Jama Musse Jama, Abriil 2007 Tirada iyo habka tirsiimo ee Afsoomaaliga. [6] Cabdiraxmaan Faarax ‘Barwaaqo’, Meey 2007 Miisaanku waa furaha kala asooridda badaha maansooyinka Soomaaliyeed [7] Ibraahin Yuusuf Axmed “Hawd”, Juun 2007 “Dhulgariir” waa digniin culus [8] Khaalid Jaamac Qodax, Oktoober 2007 Suugaan Xul ah iyo Abwaan Axmed Aw-geedi “Dheeraad” - Maansoyahan mudh baxay! [9] Xasan C. Madar, Maarj 2008 Raad ka mid ah raadadkii addoonsiga. [10] Aadam Xaaji Cali Axmed, Seebtember 2008 Bandhig-buugeedka Caalamiga ah ee Hargeysa [11] Ayaan Maxamuud Cashuur, Oktoober 2008 Toddobaadka Fanka iyo Suugaanta Soomaalida ee Landhan [12] Xasan C. Madar,
    [Show full text]
  • Email: [email protected]
    Web: www.somalilandcsd.org Email: [email protected] This document is prepared in accordance with the standard procedures stated in the Code of Practice for Somaliland Official Statistics 2013. © November, 2020 All rights reserved Citation: Somaliland Central Statistics Department, 2020. Somaliland in Figures data 2019, Hargeisa – Somaliland. All correspondence should be directed to: Somaliland Central Statistics Department Minister of Planning and National Development Hargeisa, Somaliland Email: [email protected] Website: Somalilandcsd.org Map of Somaliland I Preface Complete, accurate and reliable statistics are an absolute requirement for efficient public action. Statistics inform decision makers and the broader community with critical information on the needs of the population and specific challenges they face. Quality data can reveal where resources are most needed, and provide the means to track progress and assess the impact of different plans and policies. Somaliland, as it is the case in many other developing countries, still lacks the capacity to regularly produce the full range and quality of statistics which are typically requires to effectively design, implement and monitor the relevant policies and plans needed for the country’s development. The need to fill that capacity gap becomes more pressing as Somaliland progresses. Indeed, raising complexity of the productive base and integration of the country in the global economy are two processes which can offer tremendous dividends to the population of Somaliland, but require sufficient, accurate and timely information to fully take effect. To face this challenge, the Government of Somaliland has undertaken various efforts to improve the overall capacity and functionality of its National Statistics System (NSS) coordinated by the Central Statistics Department (CSD) of the Ministry of Planning and National Development (MoPND), and in particular to reinforce the role of public institutions in the production of quality data.
    [Show full text]