Contents

DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET . DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET 3

REGION

1. INTRODUCTION 5

2. GUIDANCE AND APPROACH TO 9 HRA

3. EVIDENCE GATHERING 12

3.1 Impact Pathways 12 3.2 Determination of Sites 17 3.2.1 Durham Coast SAC 19 3.2.2 Northumbria Coast SPA and 25 Ramsar 3.2.3 Teesmouth and Cleveland 30 Coast SPA and Ramsar 3.2.4 Castle Eden Dene SAC 35 3.2.5 Thrislington SAC 39 3.2.6 North Pennine Moors SAC 43 and SPA 3.2.7 Moor House Upper Teesdale 56 SAC 3.2.8 North Pennine Dales 67 Meadows SAC 3.2.9 Tyne and Allen River 73 Gravels SAC 3.2.10 Ox Close SAC 76 3.2.11 Helbeck and Swindale 80 Woods SAC 3.2.12 Asby Complex SAC 83 3.2.13 Tyne and Nent SAC 87 3.2.14 River Eden SAC 90 3.2.15 Determination of Sites: 98 Conclusion 3.2.16 Functional Land 98 3.3 In combination Plans / 106 Projects

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Contents

4. SCREENING 118

4.1 Preliminary Assessment 121 4.2 Outcome of Screening 124 Assessment

5. NEXT STEPS 131

APPENDICES

A. COMPONENT SSSI'S AND 134 CONDITION STATUS

B. REVIEW OF OTHER 139 PLANS/PROJECTS

C. SCREENING FOR LIKELY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS: 191 HOUSING GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION

D. SCREENING FOR LIKLEY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS: 202 MINERALS OPTIONS

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Document Control Sheet

Document Control Sheet

Prepared by:

Nadia Wetherell - Sustainability and Climate Change Officer Dean Pearson - Sustainability and Climate Change Officer

Reviewed by:

Terry Coult - Principal Ecologist Signature:

Approved by:

Steve Bhowmick - Environment and Design Manager Signature:

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Introduction 1

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 4 Introduction 1

1 Introduction

1.0.1 County Durham has a number of European protected wildlife sites, designated and protected under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended). The UK regulations transpose the European Union’s Birds Directive (79/409/EEC) and Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) into UK law.

1.0.2 The sites in County Durham form part of a wider European network of sites known as Natura 2000. Natura 2000 sites are of exceptional importance in respect of rare, endangered or vulnerable natural habitats and species within the European Community. Natura 2000 sites include:

Special Protection Areas (SPAs) - protected because they constitute internationally important areas for breeding, feeding, wintering or the migration of rare and vulnerable species of birds listed under the Birds Directive; and Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) - protected because they make a significant contribution to conserving habitats and species listed in the Habitats Directive

1.0.3 The UK Government's National Planning Policy Framework requires that listed or proposed Ramsar sites should also be given the same protection as European sites. (i) Ramsar sites are wetlands of international importance, designated under the Ramsar Convention 1979.

1.0.4 Legislation applies the precautionary principle to Natura 2000 sites. Plans and projects can only be permitted having ascertained that there will be no adverse effect on the integrity of site(s). Habitat Regulations Assessment (HRA) is an assessment tool required by law to determine whether plans or projects will impact upon site integrity or not. Regulation 61 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended) requires that:

“A competent authority, before deciding to undertake, or give any consent, permission or other authorisation for, a plan or project which:

a) is likely to have a significant effects on a European or a European offshore marine site (either alone or in combination with other plans or projects), and

b) is not directly connected with or necessary to the management of that site

Must make an appropriate assessment of the implication for that site in view of that site’s conservation objectives”

1.0.5 The term, HRA, has come into use for describing the overall assessment process including screening and the specific appropriate assessment stage.

i Communities and Local Government National Planning Policy Framework (March 2012)

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 5 1 Introduction

Preparation of a Local Plan

1.0.6 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) requires all councils to produce a Local Plan and keep it up to date. Since the Local Government Review in 2009, Durham County Council have utilised saved policies from the old local plans produced by the former local authorities. With an up-to-date Local Plan, the Council has more influence over the location of new development and the provision of infrastructure. Having an up to date Local Plan therefore creates certainty and makes it easier to resist inappropriate development and secure new infrastructure such as schools and health facilities.

1.0.7 The new Local Plan will provide the policy framework for managing development and addressing key planning issues within the County up to 2033 and once adopted, will replace the saved planning policies that are currently in use. In addition to the Local Plan, there will be one other future document. The Minerals and Waste Policies and Allocations Document will be prepared to complement the minerals and waste policies of the Local Plan. It will contain detailed development management policies and any non-strategic minerals and waste allocations which are considered necessary to meet the future needs of County Durham and make an appropriate contribution, if necessary, to wider regional and national needs for mineral supply. Once adopted the policies and provisions of the Minerals and Waste Policies and Allocations document will replace any remaining saved policies of the County Durham Minerals Local Plan (December 2000) and the saved policies of the County Durham Waste Local Plan (April 2005).

1.0.8 As both documents are not directly connected with or necessary to the management of Natura 2000 sites they will need to be subject to HRA.

Purpose of this Report

1.0.9 In order to commence the preparation of a Local Plan it is first necessary to explore the strategic issues and plan options including how much development is needed, where it should be located and what the reasonable alternatives / options are for addressing planning issues . Whilst the detail of the actual development sites and the planning policies will evolve as the consultation stages on the new Local Plan progress, best practice guidance advises that HRA should begin early in the plan-making process in order to influence the development of the Plan as it emerges.

1.0.10 The purpose of this report is, therefore, to present a 'high level' HRA screening assessment of the strategic options and advise upon potential effects which cannot be 'screened out' and may need to be subject to 'appropriate assessment'.

1.0.11 This report contains the following sections:

Section 1 - This section has presented the purpose of HRA and of this report. Section 2 - outlines the guidance referred to and the approach adopted to undertaking the HRA of the emerging Plan Section 3 - describes potential impact pathways to European protected sites, determines which sites should be included within the screening assessment and describes how they may be impacted by the Plan

6 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Introduction 1

Section 4 - describes the screening process and its outcomes Section 5 - concludes this report with recommendations for next steps

What we need you to do

1.0.12 Due to the technical nature of this report we anticipate that consultation responses will be limited to stakeholders representing nature conservation bodies or with ecological expertise. However, all are welcome to provide comment and to aid effective consultation we ask specific consultation questions throughout this initial report. Please consider replying to these questions in your response, answering as many or as few as you like. Please note however, that we welcome any further comments you may have on any aspect of this report. The consultation questions are framed in yellow boxes throughout this document. An example is shown below:

Question 1

Are there any other sources of HRA guidance that you consider the Council should refer to?

All responses to the County Durham Plan and its assessment are being collated by the Spatial Policy Team. You can send responses in a number of ways, but we would like to encourage you to submit your views online, via our interactive website, at: http://durhamcc-consult.limehouse.co.uk/portal/planning/iohra

This method should save you time and it will allow us to process and consider your comments more quickly. We hope that you will find the website quick and easy to use. Once your comments have been submitted they will be processed and added to the interactive website where you will also be able to see what comments have been made by others. Names will be made available, unless we are notified otherwise. In order to protect your privacy all other information you provide when registering will not be open to public view. All of your comments will however be publicly available so please ensure that you do not include any personal details, such as your address within your comments. Responses can also be sent by email to: [email protected]

A response form is also available for download from the website. If you do not have access to the Internet, please respond in writing to: FREEPOST SPATIAL POLICY. No further information is required on the address.

You can also call the Spatial Policy Team to request hard copies of the documentation on: 03000 260000. If you require any further information on this report or the Habitats Regulations Assessment process in general please contact the Low Carbon Economy Team using the contact details on the back page of this document.

All comments should be submitted by 6pm, 5th August 2016.

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 7 Guidance and Approach to HRA 2

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 8 Guidance and Approach to HRA 2

2 Guidance and Approach to HRA

2.0.1 In the absence of official guidance to assist compliance with the requirements of the Habitats Directive the following publications have and will continue to be referred to, to help officers within Durham County Council's Ecology and Sustainability teams undertake HRA of the emerging Plan:

Defra The Habitats and Wild Birds Directives in England and its seas: core guidance for developers, regulators and land / marine managers (2012) Oxford Brookes University for European Commissions Environment DG Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites - Methodological guidance on the provision of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (2001) Levett-Therival et al Appropriate Assessment of Plans (2006)

2.0.2 Ongoing discussion and consultation with Natural England and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) will also be sought.

Question 1

Are there any other sources of HRA guidance that you consider the Council should refer to?

2.0.3 The table below outlines the stages of HRA according to guidance. The stages are essentially iterative and will be revisited as necessary in response to the development of the Plan. This report is concerned with stages 1 and 2.

Table 1 Four Stage Approach to HRA

Stage Description

1 Evidence Gathering Collecting information on relevant European sites, their conservation objectives and characteristics and other plans and projects

2 Likely Significant Effects Identifying whether a plan is 'likely to have a significant effect' (Screening) on a European site

3 Ascertaining the effect on site Assessing the effects of the plan on the conservation integrity (Appropriate objectives on any European sites 'screened in 'during Stage Assessment) 2

4 Mitigation measures and Where adverse effects are identified during Stage 3, avoidance alternative solutions measures, followed by mitigation measures should be considered. Where adverse effects are still identified, the Plan should be altered until adverse effects are cancelled out fully.

2.0.4 The precautionary principle will be adopted throughout the HRA. In practice it means that the emerging Plan is never given the benefit of the doubt. An effect identified as 'likely' (i.e. If it cannot be excluded on the basis of objective information) is assumed

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 9 2 Guidance and Approach to HRA

to result in an adverse effect unless it can be clearly established otherwise. This is in line with the use of the precautionary principle in other HRA's of land use plans and has been accepted by Natural England in previous assessments as pragmatic.

10 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 11 3 Evidence Gathering

3 Evidence Gathering

3.0.1 Prior to screening the emerging Plan's strategic options for likely significant effects, it is first necessary to understand:

How land use plans can affect Natura 2000 sites; Which Natura 2000 sites are likely to be affected by the emerging Plan and should be included in the screening assessment. This includes an understanding of why Natura 2000 sites have been designated, their current condition, vulnerabilities and conservation objectives; What the underlying environmental trends of County Durham are in order for these factors to be taken into account throughout the screening assessment; and If there are any other plans or projects that may act in combination with the emerging Plan to affect relevant Natura 2000 sites.

3.0.2 The following sections aim to outline the information collated in relation to each of these important considerations.

3.1 Impact Pathways

3.1.1 Firstly, it is important to gain an understanding of the various ways in which land use plans can impact upon Natura 2000 sites through different types of impact pathway. Impact pathways are routes by which a change in activity can lead to an effect upon a Natura 2000 site. The impact pathways which will be considered throughout the screening assessment, as relevant are outlined in the following table.

Table 2 Impact Pathways

Type Description Potential effects of the Specific screening emerging Plan considerations

Air Quality A change in the composition Potential to contribute to In relation to impacts of of air that disperses in the atmospheric pollution atmospheric pollution from vicinity of a Natura 2000 site through; increased traffic traffic on Natura 2000 sites can change conditions, linked to increased the Appropriate damage habitat, and harm housing and Assessment of the former species in designated areas. employment, minerals North East Regional Spatial The main pollutants of working and waste Strategy states that 'English concern for Natura 2000 management (i.e. dust Nature’s (now Natural sites are oxides of nitrogen generation, landfill gas England’s) advice to

(NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) or incinerator emissions) Runnymede Borough and renewable energy Council on traffic-related air and ammonia (NH3). schemes such as pollution, based on interim biomass. guidance from the Department for Transport

(2005), was that NO2 emissions only needed to be considered if there is a road carrying a significant proportion of new traffic related to the plan within 200 metres of a European site.'

12 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Type Description Potential effects of the Specific screening emerging Plan considerations

Beyond 200m, the contribution of vehicle emissions from the roadside to local pollution levels is not significant. This is therefore the distance that will be used throughout the screening assessment for determining whether Natura 2000 sites are likely to be significantly affected by increased traffic to and within County Durham.

Water Quality Poor water quality can have One of the main risks to This impact pathway will a range of environmental water quality is as a need to be taken into impacts: result of an increase in account for water dependant At high levels, toxic housing and and hydrologically linked chemicals and metals employment sites Natura 2000 sites in can result in putting pressure on particular. immediate death of sewage treatment works aquatic life, and can that are close to have detrimental capacity. Further effects including development may increased vulnerability increase the risk of to disease and change effluent escape into in wildlife behaviour. aquatic environments. Loss of aquatic life can Coupled with this risk, also have a direct an increase in hard knock on effect on standing and increased other qualifying pressure on sewer species such as birds systems could increase and otters. run off and sewer Eutrophication flooding heightening increases plant growth water pollution risk. and consequently Minerals and waste results in oxygen development supported depletion. Algal by the Plan is also blooms, which identified as a potential commonly result from threat to water quality. eutrophication, Minerals and waste increase turbidity and development could lead decrease light to discharges and penetration. leachate of pollutants to Some pesticides, surface and industrial chemicals, groundwater sources. and components of Sites in close proximity sewage effluent are to watercourses also suspected to interfere have the potential to with the functioning of affect sedimentation the endocrine system, levels. possibly having negative effects on the

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 13 3 Evidence Gathering

Type Description Potential effects of the Specific screening emerging Plan considerations

reproduction and development of aquatic life.

Hydrology Changes in hydrology can Increased housing and This impact pathway will result in drought or flooding employment proposed need to be taken into of Natura 2000 sites that by the Plan is likely to account for water dependant can damage habitat and increase abstraction and hydrologically linked harm species in designated which could increase Natura 2000 sites in areas. risk of lowering water particular. levels within watercourses or groundwater sources that are required for the effective functioning of qualifying species and habitats. Some types of minerals working also require de-watering which can affect hydrological systems.

Habitat and Land Take Direct land take from Durham County Council Species Natura 2000 sites (or completed a Review of Destruction or The direct loss of land from functional land) could existing minerals decisions Fragmentation a Natura 2000 site or potentially result as a and consents (November functional land could incur consequence of the Plan 2015) which determined: a significant loss of if the continued working qualifying habitat and or recommencement of which consents could species and/or impact upon existing mineral sites be affirmed as having the structure and functioning within Natura 2000 sites no likely significant of habitats and population is supported. Direct land effects either alone or of species. take could also occur if in combination with development is allocated other plans or projects within designation upon Natura 2000 boundaries or known sites; and areas of functional land. Which consents have been flagged as having the potential to have a likely significant effect either alone or in combination with other plans and projects upon Natura 2000 sites in the event that working is recommenced in inactive or dormant sites.

The Review can therefore be used to inform the screening assessment in

14 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Type Description Potential effects of the Specific screening emerging Plan considerations

relation to which mineral sites are likely to pose a risk to Natura 2000 sites in relation to land take and other impact pathways.

Habitat and Recreational Pressure An increase in The recreational catchments Species population as a result of of Natura 2000 sites in Destruction or Natura 2000 sites can be new housing within the Durham were defined Fragmentation affected by trampling, which recreational catchment through previous HRA as in turn causes soil of vulnerable Natura follows: compaction and erosion. 2000 sites could Thrislington SAC - 1km Another factor, whereby increase levels of Western upland sites - recreation can contribute to recreational pressure 33-36 miles habitat destruction and/ or and associated adverse Coastal sites - 15 fragmentation is by effects miles, within which the increased nitrification of majority of visitors sites associated with dog travel (and therefore walking. This impact can be pressure arises) particularly problematic for between 0-6km of the habitats in County Durham coast which rely on relatively Castle Eden Dene nutrient poor soil such as SAC - Natural England calcareous grassland. previously confirmed that recreational pressure to Castle Eden Dene SAC is manageable given the existing management procedures and the nature of the SAC itself in limiting off-track activities.

Habitat and Urbanisation Urbanisation effects are Concerns were previously Species likely to derive from new raised with Natural England Destruction or The main impacts of housing development in about the ability to screen in Fragmentation urbanisation are: close proximity to or out urbanisation effects, sensitive sites. given the unquantified Invasive species - distance that invasive Invasive alien species species could travel and the can be spread either unquantified impacts of deliberately, through predatory species on Natura the inappropriate 2000 sites. It was agreed disposal of garden that a pragmatic approach waste or may be to this issue was necessary. bird-sown from local However, where Natura gardens. Plant 2000 sites are cited as pathogens may also vulnerable to invasive and/or be spread as a result predatory species the issue

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 15 3 Evidence Gathering

Type Description Potential effects of the Specific screening emerging Plan considerations

of working of non-inert will be considered and landfill sites. screened as far as is Increased predation possible. - A large proportion of domestic cats are found in urban situations, and increasing urbanisation is likely to lead to increased cat predation. Increased populations within County Durham may also increase urban populations of rats and other predatory species such as foxes.

Habitat and Coastal Squeeze New development could Development located in Species restrict the movement between the coast and the Destruction or One specific area of and migration of species East Coast Main Line is Fragmentation concern in relation to and habitat. considered likely to enabling habitat/species contribute towards the issue migration that will be of coastal squeeze. considered as part of the screening assessment is the impact of the Local Plan on coastal squeeze and associated restriction of natural retreat. This could act in combination with the effects of climate change in respect of accelerated rates of erosion.

Habitat and Disturbance can affect The Plan could Please see comments Species species behaviour in respect contribute to increased against recreational Disturbance of feeding, roosting and may levels of disturbance as pressure ultimately affect breeding a result of recreational success which could lead to activities from an significant adverse effects increased population, in respect of breeding pairs noise and vibration as a of qualifying species result of minerals working or other forms of development.

Question 2

Are there any additional impact pathways and / or potential effects that should be taken into account in the HRA?

16 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

3.2 Determination of Sites

3.2.1 Following the identification of potential impact pathways, it is necessary to compile a comprehensive list of the sites that could potentially be affected by the Local Plan. County Durham contains within its administrative boundary a number of Natura 2000 sites (or parts of sites) that will automatically be included within the screening assessment for likely significant effects (stage 2). These are listed as follows:

Natura 2000 sites in County Durham

There are 6 whole or part SACs, divided between the coastline and the western uplands:

Durham Coast Castle Eden Dene Thrislington Moor House, Upper Teesdale North Pennine Moors North Pennine Dales Meadows

There are also 3 whole or part SPAs, divided between the coastline and the western uplands:

Northumbria Coast (also designated as a Ramsar and European Marine Site) Teesmouth & Cleveland Coast (also designated as a Ramsar and European Marine Site) North Pennine Moors

3.2.2 In addition to these sites, the following criteria from Natural England has been followed to determine whether any Natura 2000 sites outside the County's boundary should be considered for inclusion in the screening assessment:

All sites downstream of the plan area in the case of river or estuary sites; All peatland and other wetland sites with significant hydrological links to land within the plan area, irrespective of distance from the plan area; All sites which have significant ecological links with land in the plan area, for example, land used by bats or migratory birds, which also use a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) or Special Protection Area (SPA) respectively, at different times of the year; All sites within 5km of the plan area boundaries that may be affected by local recreational or other visitor pressure from within the plan area; All sites within about 20km of the plan area that comprise major (regional or national) visitor attractions such as promoted National Nature Reserves, coastal sites and sites in major tourist or visitor destinations such as AONB's and National Parks; All sites that are used for, or could be affected by, water abstraction irrespective of distance from the plan area;

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 17 3 Evidence Gathering

All sites used for, or could be affected by discharge of effluent from waste water treatment works or other waste management streams serving land in the plan area, irrespective of distance from the plan area; and If there is any doubt as to whether a European site may be affected, a precautionary approach should be adopted and the information for the site should be obtained

3.2.3 Adhering to the criteria above the following additional sites to the west of the County can be identified:

Additional Natura 2000 Sites outside the County Boundary

Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC (Northumbria) Oxclose SAC (North Yorkshire) Helbeck and Swindale Woods SAC (Cumbria) Asby Complex SAC (Cumbria) Tyne and Nent SAC (Cumbria) River Eden SAC (Cumbria)

3.2.4 The location of all the above mentioned sites are shown below in Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 1 SPA's that may be affected by the Plan

18 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Figure 2 SAC's that may be affected by the Plan

3.2.5 The following section describes each of the Natura 2000 sites in turn including how each site may be impacted by the Local Plan via the impact pathways described.

Question 3

Have we correctly identified the initial 'long list' of sites? Are there any others we should consider?

3.2.1 Durham Coast SAC

3.2.1.1 Durham Coast SAC was designated in April 2005 and covers an area of approximately 394 hectares. Durham Coast SAC is the only example of vegetated sea cliffs on magnesian limestone exposures in the UK. These cliffs extend along the North Sea coast for over 20 km from South Shields southwards to Blackhall Rocks. Their vegetation is unique in the British Isles and consists of a complex mosaic of paramaritime, mesotrophic and calcicolous grasslands, tall-herb fen, seepage flushes and wind-pruned scrub. Within these habitats rare species of contrasting photogeographic distributions often grow together forming unusual and species-rich communities of high scientific interest.

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 19 3 Evidence Gathering

The communities present on the sea cliffs are largely maintained by natural processes including exposure to sea spray, erosion and slippage of the soft magnesian limestone bedrock and overlying glacial drifts, as well as localised flushing by calcareous water.

Qualifying Features

Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts

Conservation Objectives

3.2.1.2 With regard to the SAC and the natural habitats and/or species for which the site has been designated and subject to natural change.

3.2.1.3 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring:

The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats, and The supporting processes on which the qualifying natural habitats rely

Condition Assessment

3.2.1.4 During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 61.92% of the component SSSI was classified as 'area favourable' and 38.08% was classified as 'area unfavourable recovering.' The favourable condition status of the site has declined marginally (by 0.88%) and the areas classified as 'unfavourable recovering' has increased marginally (by 0.88%) between the condition assessments of 2013 and 2015. Whilst the reasons for designating the SSSI differ to the SAC, some of the reasons for 'unfavourable recovering' status of the units include:

Scrub encroachment Rank grassland and presence of other negative indicator species Erosion Evidence of human disturbance including litter, remains of fires and vehicular use

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.1.5 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the site outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Human induced changes in hydraulic conditions; Invasive non-native species; Other human intrusions and disturbances; Abiotic (slow) natural processes; and Fertilisation

20 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

3.2.1.6 Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for the Durham Coast expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features as follows:(ii) :

Table 3 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Description Pressure

Natural changes Development and arable land use already come very close to the existing cliff top to site conditions in many place, constraining the the ability of the cliff top habitats to roll back as the cliffs naturally erode. It is uncertain whether there is enough space for natural migration of the SAC habitat.

Inappropriate Decades of deposition of colliery spoil at the base of the cliffs has formed an artificial coastal raised beach along much of the Durham coastline which prevents waves reaching management the cliff foot. This has slowed the erosion of the cliffs and changed their profile, reducing the slumping which exposes fresh substrate and creates niches for the development of different successional stages of vegetation. It has also reduced the influence of salt spray on the cliff vegetation. The constraint of these natural processes has degraded the diversity of the vegetation, its uniqueness and its scientific interest, and upset the ecological balance allowing scrub and ruderal species to encroach into more sensitive habitats. Deposition of colliery spoil ceased in the 1980s and there have been significant efforts to clean up the beaches since. The remaining spoil is being naturally eroded back by the sea but at current rates in some place it could take decades for the sea to act directly on the cliff base again. New coastal defences that interfere with erosional process could have a similar negative impact on the vegetated sea cliffs.

Invasive species Where scrub is encroaching too far into grassland areas this is detrimental to the interest feature. This is due to lack of management e.g. Grazing, and/or because the natural coastal processes which keep the scrub in check such as erosion and exposure to the elements are constrained. Bracken is spreading into the good grassland in some areas, especially at the mouths of the denes, and sycamore and invasive species like Himalayan Balsam are also most problematic where the denes meet the coast as the watercourses bring in the seed. Cultivated species from caravan parks and gardens have also colonised parts of the coast and need to be kept in check. Unauthorised burning of scrub makes it more difficult to treat.

Fertiliser use Many of the wet fen/flush areas have become degraded by nutrient enrichment from fertiliser run-off from arable land. Where the hinterland to the SAC has been reverted to low input grassland the issue should resolve over time, though there may be a long lag. In specific areas there is still arable land immediately adjacent to the SAC where run-off is occurring and reversion to grassland would benefit the SAC feature.

Vehicles: illicit Illegal use of motorbikes, quadbikes and 4x4s occurs in specific areas along the coast, especially around soft cliffs and dunes, causing erosion and damage to vegetation and soils.

Change to site There are at least two or three sites on the coast where contaminated/toxic waste conditions has been landfilled into old quarries and as the cliffs erode this is now being exposed. This could lead to pollution of the cliff habitats and changes in vegetation. Also, schemes to address the problem, e.g. by slowing coastal erosion, could be damaging

ii Plan available at: Site Improvement Plan Durham Coast

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 21 3 Evidence Gathering

Threat / Description Pressure

to the SAC in themselves by interfering with natural processes. Rock armouring has already been used in some locations.

Public access In public access hot spots e.g. close to housing and car parks, dog fouling leads to increased nutrients which can change the vegetation, favouring ranker grasses and weeds.

3.2.1.7 In relation to the natural erosion of the cliffs the effects of climate change with respect to wave energy increases due to foreshore lowering and sea level rise could increase the rates of erosion making the need to allow the 'roll back' of cliff top habitats even more imperative. Allowing the cliffs to roll back releases more sediment to build beaches and should increase opportunities for habitats to adapt.

3.2.1.8 In relation to defences that may interfere with erosional processes the part of the Shoreline Management Plan which relates to Durham's coastal stretch of SAC currently implements a strategy of no active intervention so this may be less of an issue in Durham. The landfill sites mentioned are not located in Durham's administrative boundary so there will be limited impact on the SAC as a result of the leaching of contaminated / toxic waste along Durham's coastal stretch. Illegal vehicle use does however occur and there are particular hotspots at Blackhall Rocks, Blackhall Colliery and Dawdon. Actions have and are being implemented through partnership working to address this issue.

3.2.1.9 In relation to public access / recreational pressure, as the habitat of Durham Coast SAC is generally located on steep slopes or dangerous cliff edges, the vegetated sea cliff features, though highly susceptible to trampling, are by their position relatively safe. There are some localities where the sea cliff plant community is adjacent to or even on the inland side of the coast path, such as Blackhills Gill, Horden, Beacon Point and Noses Point, but here there is a surfaced footpath that directs and in most parts, confines walkers to the route. There are however many other desire lines and footpaths, some linking back to the main towns along the coast, especially evident at Crimdon, Blackhall Colliery and Castle Eden Dene. There is heavy and sustained walking pressure, especially along the coast path.

3.2.1.10 Many studies on the effects of trampling, by feet, horses, cycles and vehicles and on the impacts of soil enrichment including dog fouling are cited in the literature. A useful compendium of this varied research is given in the English Nature/Natural England commissioned reports relating to the implementation of the CRoW Act (Lowen et all., 2008, Penny Anderson Associates, 2001). Findings from a variety of experiments and research, and in various localities, support the view that low productivity turf is more prone to trampling and enrichment damage than more productive grassland and that recovery from such damage is slower. Even with quite modest pressure it can result in changes in plant composition, reduction in biodiversity, reduction in soil invertebrates, and in soil compaction. Even where diversity appears to be maintained, there can be a shift to more resilient and generalised species rather than the characteristic species of calcareous grassland.

22 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

3.2.1.11 In addition to impacts associated with trampling, low nutrient sites, typical of many semi-natural habitats are especially susceptible to the addition of fertiliser. Sources include atmospheric deposition (mainly nitrogen and ammonia), agricultural run off and dog faeces and urine (phosphorus and nitrogen). Studies show that the eutrophication effects of faeces and urine can impact upon overall species composition and diversity. (iii) For further information on potential recreational effects to coastal sites within East Durham please refer to the supporting document: Habitat Regulations Assessment: Evidence Base and Mitigation Strategy for East Durham (June 2016)

3.2.1.12 Furthermore, in addition to the issues cited in the Site Improvement Plan, as the vegetated sea cliffs are maintained in part by localised flushing of calcareous water, changes to water quality (other than by run-off from agricultural land) and availability could also adversely impact Durham Coast SAC as a result of reduced flushing of vegetation by calcareous water.

3.2.1.13 The third report by the UK on the implementation of the Habitats Directive with respect to Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts also cites that air pollution is a threat albeit of low importance. (iv) The habitat is considered to be sensitive to nitrogen, but no assessments of potential impacts based on critical loads has been undertaken because of the poor equivalence between this habitat and those for which critical loads are set. Whilst information to refine potential effects may not be possible to obtain and the UK report cites it as a threat of low importance, a precautionary approach to this impact pathway is required, particularly in respect of developments that are likely to require an air quality impact assessment .

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.1.14 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

Overall length and/or area of cliff habitat to be maintained taking into account natural variation There should be no increase in area constrained by introduced structures or landforms The range of physical conditions supporting the habitats, and the range of maritime grasslands and other communities should be maintained There should be no increase in species untypical of the communities that define the feature Reduced risk of trampling / nutrient input

iii Asken Ltd and Penny Anderson Associated Ltd (2005) Dogs, access and nature conservation Natural England (formerly English Nature) Reports Number 649 iv JNCC (2013) Supporting documentation for the third report by the UK under Article 17 on the implementation of the Directive from January 2007 to December 2012 Conservation Status Assessment for: H1230 - Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts (English report)

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 23 3 Evidence Gathering

Question 4

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of Durham Coast SAC and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the SAC?

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 4 Potential effects of the Plan: Durham Coast SAC

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation / Coastal Pressure / Increased Invasive Squeeze Predation Species

Potential for Housing, Whilst there is likely to As the New housing An increase in Invasive species The Plan An increase adverse effects employment and be sufficient water qualifying or tourism predation is as a result of could give in if polluting retail allocations resources available to features of development not inappropriate rise to disturbance development within the Plan may support new the SAC are proposed or considered to planting linked to adverse is not types that are directly affect water development proposed generally supported be a potential new effects if it considered to likely to require sources utilised by by the Plan due to located on through the impact development and contributes to be a potential an air quality the SAC. In Kielder Water, pressure steep slopes, Plan could pathway to inappropriate coastal impact assessment are addition, an overall for increased dangerous increase Durham garden waste squeeze pathway to allocated within increase in groundwater cliff edges or existing levels Coast SAC disposal have reducing the Durham the Plan in hardstanding and abstraction cannot be close to of due to the the potential to roll back of Coast SAC locations which pressure on the ruled out. Groundwater these it is recreational nature of the affect the cliffs and due to the could deposit capacity of the is a more cost effective highly pressure and SAC in structure and thereby nature of the upon qualifying sewer system water supply since it unlikely that associated respect of its function of minimising SAC in features . could increase requires less treatment development adverse qualifying qualifying habitat opportunities respect of its surface water run and by being located proposed effects features. of Durham Coast for qualifying off affecting the close to the point of use through the SAC. Whilst adaptation. features. Dust emissions quality of minimises infrastructure Plan will management of Such effects from mineral calcareous water requirement. Any result in several Local could act in sites in the East sources. increase in abstraction direct land Nature Reserves combination of the County from the Magnesian take. and Local with the that have not Limestone aquifer has Wildlife Sites effects of been affirmed The potential the potential to affect adjacent to the climate through the re-commencement the supply of SAC may help change in Review of of inactive calcareous water to to prevent the respect of Existing Magnesian Durham Coast SAC. spread of accelerated Decisions and Limestone quarry invasive species rates of Consents sites, if supported a precautionary erosion. process or required by the Further impact to the approach to this (November Plan to meet quantitative status of issue is 2015) may also aggregate needs the Magnesian considered contribute to could also Limestone aquifer may necessary. adverse effects potentially affect be derived as a result (smothering) if water sources of the supported by the feeding the SAC recommencement of Plan. inactive Magnesian Limestone quarries if dewatering is required and the recommencement is supported or required by the Plan to meet aggregate needs.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.1.15 The following impact pathways will be taken into account throughout the screening of the plan in respect of Durham Coast SAC:

Air Quality Water Quality

24 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Hydrology Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation (via recreational pressure, invasive species and coastal squeeze)

Question 5

Have we correctly identified the various ways in which the Local Plan may affect Durham Coast SAC and do you agree with the choice of impact pathways that we will consider throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.2 Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar

3.2.2.1 Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar was designated in February 2000 and covers an area of approximately 1,108 hectares. The site comprises several discrete stretches of the coastline in North East England between Spittal in the north of Northumberland to Crimdon Dene in County Durham. The site consists of rocky shore with associated bolder and cobble beaches. These support a rich algal flora and associated fauna and form an important feeding area for wading birds. The areas of sandy beach within the site support a flora which includes Ammophila arenaria; marram and Honkenya peploides; sea sandwort . A diverse range of recreational activities takes place along the coast including walking, camping, sea angling, bird watching, water sports (water-skiing, sailing, windsurfing and canoeing) and general use of amenity beaches. As well as attracting a large number of day trippers, a sizable population of summer visitors stay in caravan sites and other accommodation along the coast. The site also includes parts of three artificial pier structures and a small section of sandy beach. The site is also referred to as a European Marine Site (EMS) as it consists of areas continuously or intermittently covered by tidal waters or any part of the sea in or adjacent to Great Britain up to the limit of territorial waters.

3.2.2.2 The designated stretches in Durham consist of approximately 55 hectares and broadly pertain to Seaham's coastal area and harbour in the north east of the County and the area of coastline between Blackhall Rocks and Crimdon Dene in the south east of the County. The habitat of the SPA is predominantly classified as Shingle, Sea Cliffs and Islets.

Qualifying Features (Natura 2000 and Ramsar)

Calidris maritima Purple sandpiper (wintering) Arenaria interpres Ruddy turnstone (wintering) Sterna albifrons Little tern (re-producing)

Conservation Objectives

3.2.2.3 With regard to the SPA (and Ramsar) and the individual species and/or assemblage of species for which the site has been classified and subject to natural change;

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 25 3 Evidence Gathering

3.2.2.4 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the aims of the Wild Birds Directive, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely The population of each of the qualifying features, and, The distribution of the qualifying features within the site.

Condition Assessment

3.2.2.5 During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 61.92% of the component SSSI was classified as 'area favourable' and 38.08% was classified as 'area unfavourable recovering.' The favourable condition status of the site has declined marginally (by 0.88%) and the areas classified as 'unfavourable recovering' has increased marginally (by 0.88%) between the condition assessments of 2013 and 2015. Whilst the reasons for designating the SSSI differ to the SPA/Ramsar, some of the reasons for 'unfavourable recovering' status of the units which may relate to the SPA/Ramsar include:

Evidence of human disturbance including litter, remains of fires and vehicular use

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.2.6 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the site outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Outdoor sport and leisure activities, recreational activities; Change in biotic conditions; Pollution to marine waters; Human induced changes to hydraulic conditions; and Other human intrusions and disturbances

3.2.2.7 Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for the Northumberland Coastal area which includes the SPA/Ramsar expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features as follows: (v)

Table 5 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Pressure Description

Public access / Little terns are a particularly high priority in relation to disturbance affecting disturbance condition. Wintering waders and other species are also at risk. Wildlife tourism is identified as a moderate threat in Northumbria Coast SPA, due to loss of foraging habitat for birds, and there is also disturbance/displacement of birds by dog walkers, light aircraft and watersports.

v Available at: Site Improvement Plan Northumberland Coastal

26 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Threat / Pressure Description

Changes in species Populations of the qualifying bird species in Northumbria Coast SPA have distributions declined or changed but it is unclear if this is site specific or driven by wider trends in distribution.

Predation Predation on terns by raptors and other predators

Coastal Squeeze There is loss of irreplaceable habitat caused by the cumulative effect of small scale impacts resulting from existing and new developments adjacent to Northumbria Coast SPA.

Direct impact from Wildlife crime occurs in Northumberland Coast SPA e.g. Egg theft third party

Fisheries Dredges (inc. hydraulic), benthic trawls and seines and shore-based activities are categorised as 'Red’ for these interest features as part of Defra’s revised approach to commercial fisheries management in EMS's, and requisite mechanisms are being or will be implemented by Northumberland Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority (NIFCA). Commercial fishing activities such as potting categorised as ‘amber or green’ under Defra’s revised approach to commercial fisheries in EMSs require assessment and (where appropriate) management. This assessment will be undertaken by NIFCA. For activities categorised as ‘green’, these assessments should take account of any in combination effects of amber activities, and/or appropriate plans or projects, in the site.

3.2.2.8 In order to understand better the populations and distribution of qualifying features along Durham's coastal stretch of SPA, Durham County Council commissioned two overwintering bird studies between December 2011 – March 2012 and December 2012 – March 2013. The studies determined that away from one or two particular sites, the Durham Coast does not hold large population of wading bird populations and indications are that the Durham coast could fail to meet the national thresholds for designated species or indeed any other species.

3.2.2.9 The study surmised that the major factors that could account for the low number of birds and poor distribution are:

Poor quality habitat as a result of historical degradation and pollution due to previous industrial output, particularly the deposition of coal spoils on the intertidal areas High levels of human disturbance through increased recreation usage Changes in populations and distribution of birds due to climate change

3.2.2.10 No observations of Purple Sandpiper were recorded within Durham's coastal stretch but were recorded within Sunderland and Hartlepool (Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA, Ramsar). Sections of the coast pertaining to Hartlepool's administrative boundary in particular were identified as important functional land providing Low Tide Feeding Areas and High Tide Roost Areas.

3.2.2.11 Observations of Ruddy Turnstone were recorded within Durham's coastal stretch at Seaham Harbour (High Tide Roost Area), Nose's Point (Low Tide Feeding Area), Blackhall Rocks (High Tide Roost Area and Low Tide Feeding Area) and Crimdon Beach

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 27 3 Evidence Gathering

(Low Tide Feeding Area). As both Nose's Point and Crimdon Beach fall outwith the Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar designation boundary these areas are considered to act as functional land for the qualifying species of the SPA and Ramsar.

3.2.2.12 In regards to Little Tern in Durham, a colony takes up annual residence in Crimdon between May and early autumn. Whilst this is outside the designated area of the Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar, Little Tern do feed inshore at Blackhall which falls within the designation boundary. The Joint Nature Conservation Committee's (JNCC) Seabird Monitoring Programme Online Database indicates increased numbers of Little Tern apparently on nests from 84 in 2011 to 110 to 2012 (vi).

3.2.2.13 However, more than fifty eggs were stolen from breeding pairs on 19th June 2013 from the Crimdon colony. Despite about a third of the pairs abandoning the colony in the wake of the theft, the remaining birds produced about 30 chicks which should ensure the colony's survival. However, it is anticipated that it will take time for the colony to fully re-establish itself. 29 birds successfully fledged in 2015. Poor food availability coupled with adverse weather conditions soon after hatching resulted in many losses. The colony is currently wardened through a scheme run by the Industry Nature Conservation Association (INCA). In addition, boundary fencing is provided during the breeding season and 24 hour security is provided.

3.2.2.14 In addition to Ruddy Turnstone and Little Tern currently supported within Durham's coastal stretch the overwintering bird studies indicated that parts of Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar within the County Durham boundary act as functional land for Common redshank and Red knot which are qualifying species of Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar. In particular, Seaham Harbour provides an important High Tide Roost area for Common redshank and Blackhall Rocks provides an important Low Tide Feeding area for both Common redshank and Red knot. For further information on potential recreational and disturbance effects to coastal sites within East Durham please refer to the supporting document: Habitat Regulations Assessment: Evidence Base and Mitigation Strategy for East Durham (June 2016)

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.2.15 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

Freedom from disturbance Extent and availability of habitat (no decrease) - breeding areas, feeding areas, roost sites Food availability (marine fish, crustaceans, worms and molluscs; epibenthic invertebrates amongst rolling seaweed; surface and sub surface invertebrates) Open landscape Protection from predation and human interference

vi JNCC Seabird Monitoring Programme Online Database

28 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Question 6

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of Northumbria Coast SPA/Ramsar and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 6 Potential effects of the Plan: Northumbria Coast SPA/Ramsar

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation / Urbanisation Coastal Pressure Increased Predation / Invasive squeeze Species

A Most sewage treatment Changes to The impact of New housing A large proportion of An increase in The Plan In addition to deterioration works in County Durham hydrological the Plan on or tourism domestic cats are invasive could give rise the potential to air quality discharge waste waters into conditions land take will development found in urban species is not to adverse for is not watercourses that ultimately are not need to be that increases situations, and considered to effects if it disturbance considered to drain to the River Wear or considered considered access and increasing be a potential contributes as a result of be a potential the River Tees. As such, to be a particularly in visitor urbanisation in the impact further to increased impact any increase in housing in potential respect of numbers to East of the County pathway to coastal recreational pathway to County Durham has the impact areas of land the coastline may lead to Northumbria squeeze pressure, Northumbria potential to contribute to a pathway to identified by could increased cat Coast SPA thereby other sources Coast SPA. deterioration in water Northumbria the coastal increase predation. Increased due to the reducing the that could be However this quality due to a greater Coast SPA overwintering existing levels populations may also nature of the available supported by impact quantity of nutrient due to the bird studies of disturbance increase urban SPA in habitat for the Plan pathway will discharge. nature of the and any and damage populations of rats respect of its qualifying could include be taken into SPA in additional to foraging and other predatory qualifying species. minerals account in respect of its surveys as habitat. species such as features and Available working respect of However, this potential qualifying functional foxes. However, reported habitat is (including potential adverse effect is features and land such as Northumbria Coast threats and already energy changes to inconceivable given the reported high tide SPA is physically pressures subject to minerals), site distance of Northumbria threats and roosting separated from gradual loss development composition Coast SPA from pressures. areas. settlements by the as a result of of Seaham and impact Wearmouth (over 6 and Durham Coast Rail natural Port / marina upon Little 19km south respectively). Line and may provide coastal and Tern nest Avoiding adverse effects is a robust barrier in retreat, the renewable sites in the also largely in the hands of terms of limiting rates of which energy Teesmouth Northumbrian Water Ltd predation levels by may increase schemes and (through their investment in cats. However, a due to the Cleveland future sewage treatment precautionary effects of Coast SPA. infrastructure) and the approach to this climate Environment Agency matter is considered change. (through their role in necessary taking into consenting discharges). account the roaming However, Durham County Council can also contribute distance of cats. (a) through ensuring that sufficient wastewater treatment infrastructure is in place prior to development being delivered through the Plan. Infrastructure requirements will be taken account of as part of the Plan preparation process.

a. Turner and Meister (1988) found the mean range of cats to be 371 metres

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.2.16 The following impact pathways will be taken into account throughout the screening of the plan in respect of Northumbria Coast SPA/Ramsar:

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 29 3 Evidence Gathering

Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation (via land take, recreational pressure, predation and coastal squeeze) Species disturbance

Question 7

Have we correctly identified the various ways in which the Local Plan may affect Northumbria Coast SPA/Ramsar and do you agree with the choice of impact pathways that we will consider throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.3 Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar

3.2.3.1 Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar was designated in August 1995 and covers an area of approximately 1,247 hectares. Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast comprises intertidal sand and mudflats, rocky shore, saltmarsh, freshwater marsh and sand dunes. The Tees Estuary has been much-modified by such activities as land-claim, construction of breakwaters and training walls, and deep dredging. The remaining intertidal areas within the estuary are composed of mud and sand, with some Enteromorpha beds in sheltered areas. Outside the estuary mouth, sandflats predominate, but with significant rocky foreshores and reefs at both Redcar and Hartlepool and anthropogenic boulder beds at South Gare. Moderately extensive sand dune systems flank the estuary mouth, while a smaller dune system lies north of Hartlepool. Surviving saltmarsh is very limited in extent. Behind the dunes and sea-defences a number of significant areas of grazing marsh are found. The site is also referred to as a European Marine Site (EMS) as it consists of areas continuously or intermittently covered by tidal waters or any part of the sea in or adjacent to Great Britain up to the limit of territorial waters.

3.2.3.2 The designated stretch within County Durham's administrative boundary is approximately 1km in length and covers an area of approximately 22 hectares. The area is located between Crimdon Dene and Hartlepool Borough Council's administrative boundary and predominantly consists of coastal sand dunes and sand beaches.

Qualifying Features

Table 7 Qualifying Features Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar

Scientific Name Common Name Type Qualifying species (Natura 2000 and/or Ramsar)

Calidris canutus Red knot wintering Natura 2000 and Ramsar

Tringa totanus Common redshank concentration Natura 2000 and Ramsar

Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich tern concentration Natura 2000

Sterna albifrons Little tern Re-producing Natura 2000

30 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Scientific Name Common Name Type Qualifying species (Natura 2000 and/or Ramsar)

N/A Waterbird assemblage wintering Natura 2000 and Ramsar

Conservation Objectives

3.2.3.3 With regard to the SPA (and Ramsar) and the individual species and/or assemblage of species for which the site has been classified and subject to natural change;

3.2.3.4 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the aims of the Wild Birds Directive, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely The population of each of the qualifying features, and, The distribution of the qualifying features within the site.

Condition Assessment

3.2.3.5 Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA comprises six component SSSI's, Durham Coast SSSI being the only site within County Durham's administrative boundary. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 30% of the component SSSI's combined were classified as 'area favourable'; 41.5% were classified as 'area unfavourable recovering;' 16.57% were classified as unfavourable no change; 10.49% was classified as declining and 1% was classified as area destroyed / part destroyed. The status of the component SSSI's have declined marginally between the condition assessments of 2013 and 2015 with a 5% decrease in units considered to be favourable. Units 2 and 7 of Seal Sands have been classified as destroyed due to the presence of built development and no possibility of habitat reinstatement. Whilst the reasons for designating the SSSI differ to the SPA/Ramsar, some of the reasons for 'unfavourable recovering' status of the units which may relate to the SPA/Ramsar include:

Evidence of human disturbance including litter, remains of fires and vehicular use

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.3.6 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the site outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Outdoor sport and leisure activities, recreational activities; Pollution to marine waters; Human induced changes to hydraulic conditions; Industrial or commercial areas; and Fishing and harvesting aquatic resources

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3.2.3.7 Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features. (vii) The issues that are considered relevant to Durham's coastal stretch of the SPA/Ramsar are identified in the following table:

Table 8 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Pressure Description

Public access / Both breeding Little tern and non-breeding waterbirds are disturbed by disturbance recreational beach users. These include walkers, dog walkers and kite surfers.

Direct land take from Undesignated land that supports SPA birds ('functional habitat') has been development negatively affected by development in the recent past.

Water quality Improvements to wastewater treatment and catchment management and the closure and re-location of wastewater discharges have significantly reduced the inputs of nutrients and organic matter to the Tees. These improvements in water quality have reduced the biomass of the benthic fauna that the estuary supports, and hence the food supply of a number of bird species.

Fisheries Commercial fishing activities categorised as ‘amber or green’ under Defra’s revised approach to commercial fisheries in EMSs require assessment and (where appropriate) management. This assessment will be undertaken by Northumberland Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority (NEIFCA).

Undergrazing Some of the undesignated land that is used by non-breeding waterbirds is being encroached by scrub and coarse vegetation. Consequently these areas are becoming unsuitable for foraging or roosting

Predation The Little tern colony has suffered from predation in recent years, including from sparrowhawk, kestrel, hedgehog and fox. A large number of eggs were stolen from the site in 2013.

Coastal squeeze Coastal squeeze will reduce the area of intertidal and upper shore habitats, which are used for foraging and roosting by non-breeding waterbirds and for nesting by Little tern.

Changes to site Sand dunes are accreting along sections of the coast. This may result in some conditions / air former Little tern breeding sites becoming unsuitable. Nutrient enrichment pollution through nitrogen deposition is likely to encourage vigorous growth of vegetation in embryo

3.2.3.8 In order to understand better the populations and distribution of qualifying features along Durham's coastal stretch of SPA, Durham County Council commissioned two overwintering bird studies between December 2011 – March 2012 and December 2012 – March 2013. The studies observed relatively low numbers of Red Knot and Common Redshank within Durham's section of Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar at Crimdon. However, Seaham Harbour and Blackhall which fall outside of the designation boundary provide important High Tide Roosts and Low Tide Feeding Areas. In general, a greater abundance and distribution of species were observed within Hartlepool's coastline. No observation of Sandwich Tern was made during the study period along Durham's

vii Available at: Site Improvement Plan: Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast

32 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

coastline as the species generally prefers the estuary habitat over winter. The study surmised the potential reasons for low or depressed numbers of birds along Durham's coastline as:

Poor habitat caused by earlier industrial pollution which impacts upon food availability High levels of human recreational disturbance which impacts upon feeding and roosting opportunities Climate change

3.2.3.9 In regards to Little Tern in Durham, a colony takes up annual residence in Crimdon between May and early autumn. As stated previously the colony may take time to fully re-establish itself following the theft of 50 eggs in June 2013. For further information on potential recreational and disturbance effects to coastal sites within East Durham please refer to the supporting document: Habitat Regulations Assessment: Evidence Base and Mitigation Strategy for East Durham (June 2016)

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.3.10 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

Food availability (small fish, crustaceans, worms and molluscs, seed bearing plants, surface and sub-surface invertebrates Vegetation structure Limited disturbance

Question 8

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA/Ramsar and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 9 Potential effects of the Plan: Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA/Ramsar

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation / Urbanisation Coastal Pressure Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

Potential for An increase in housing It is highly unlikely The impact of New housing A large proportion An increase in The Plan In addition to adverse in County Durham has that changes to the Plan on or tourism of domestic cats invasive could give the potential effects if the potential to hydrological land take will development are found in urban species is not rise to for polluting contribute to a conditions as a need to be that increases situations, and considered to adverse disturbance development deterioration in water result of increased considered access and increasing be a potential effects if it as a result of types that quality due to a greater abstraction from particularly in visitor urbanisation in the impact contributes increased are likely to quantity of nutrient the River Tees to respect of numbers to East of the County pathway to further to recreational require an air discharge. If this were serve new areas of land the coastline may lead to Teesmouth coastal pressure, quality to happen this could development will identified by could increased cat and Cleveland squeeze other sources assessment both increase the food occur. the coastal increase predation. Coast SPA thereby that could be

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 33 3 Evidence Gathering

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation / Urbanisation Coastal Pressure Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

are allocated supply of the Tees The presence of overwintering existing levels Increased due to the reducing the supported by within the estuary but also the Kielder Water bird studies of disturbance populations may nature of the available the Plan Plan in increase the growth of which regulates the and any and damage also increase urban SPA in habitat for could include locations algal mats which River Tees and additional to foraging populations of rats respect of its qualifying minerals which could restricts access to food. Wear allows surveys as habitat. and other predatory qualifying species. working further However, due to transfers to be functional species such as features and Available (including increase distances involved made between the land. foxes. However, reported habitat is energy deposition to between points of major north east Teesmouth and threats and already minerals), dunes. discharge and catchments and Cleveland Coast pressures. subject to development Teesmouth, effects are allows water SPA is physically gradual loss of Seaham extremely unlikely. In resources to be separated from as a result of Port / marina addition, avoiding used to a fuller settlements by the natural (functional adverse effects to water extent if and when Durham Coast Rail coastal land) and quality is also largely in needed. The Line and may retreat, the renewable the hands of transfer system provide a robust rates of energy Northumbrian Water Ltd also supports the barrier in terms of which may schemes (through their River Tees to limiting predation increase due investment in future ensure that levels by cats. to the effects sewage treatment prescribed However, a of climate infrastructure) and the minimum precautionary change. Environment Agency maintained flow approach to this (through their role in conditions are met. matter is consenting discharges). The Tees Barrage considered Infrastructure also acts to necessary taking requirements will also regulate flows on into account the be taken account of as the River Tees.and roaming distance of part of the Plan consequently the (a) preparation process supply of riverine cats. ensuring that sufficient sediments. wastewater treatment infrastructure is in place prior to development being delivered.

a. Turner and Meister (1988) found the mean range of cats to be 371 metres

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.3.11 The following impact pathways will be taken into account throughout the screening of the plan in respect of Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA/Ramsar:

Air Quality Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation (via land take, recreational pressure, predation and coastal squeeze) Species disturbance

Question 9

Have we correctly identified the various ways in which the Local Plan may affect Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA/Ramsar and do you agree with the choice of impact pathways that we will consider throughout the screening assessment?

34 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

3.2.4 Castle Eden Dene SAC

3.2.4.1 Castle Eden Dene SAC was designated in April 2005 and covers an area of approximately 194 hectares. The SAC represents the most extensively northerly native occurrence of Taxus baccata; Yew woods in the UK and is one of the best areas in the UK. Extensive yew groves are found in association with Fraxinus-Ulmus; Ash-elm woodland and it is the only site selected for yew woodland on magnesian limestone in north-east England.

Qualifying Features

Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles; Yew-dominated woodland

Conservation Objectives

3.2.4.2 With regard to the SAC and the natural habitats and/or species for which the site has been designated and subject to natural change;

3.2.4.3 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats, and The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats rely

Condition Assessment

3.2.4.4 During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 6.79% of the component SSSI was classified as 'area favourable' and 93.21% was classified as 'area unfavourable recovering.' The status of the site has not changed between the condition assessments of 2013 and 2015 and no reasons have been recorded for adverse condition.

3.2.4.5 However, from examination of the UK Air Pollution Information System datasets (viii) it is evident that critical ranges for air pollutants and sensitive qualifying species have

been exceeded. The main sources of NO2 and SO2 forecast to 2020 are Livestock production: UK (all sources including IPPC installations) (41.2%) and Industrial combustion - UK (cement and lime production, iron and steel, Al smelting (29.1%) respectively.

Table 10 Air Pollutants Affecting Castle Eden Dene SAC (red shading indicates exceedence of thresholds, amber shading indicates pollutants that are close to exceeding critical thresholds)

Qualifying Nitrogen N Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Impacts Feature Deposition Dep Impacts (Nitrogen/Sulphur Critical (kgN/ha/yr) Critical keq/ha/yr) Load Load Ranges Ranges

Min Av Max Min Av Max

viii APIS

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 35 3 Evidence Gathering

Qualifying Nitrogen N Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Impacts Feature Deposition Dep Impacts (Nitrogen/Sulphur Critical (kgN/ha/yr) Critical keq/ha/yr) Load Load Ranges Ranges

Taxus 30.3 36.8 38.4 N Changes in NO2 2.17 2.63 2.74 A Ranges Leaching will cause a baccata Ranges soil decrease in soil base woods 5-15kg. processes, SO2 0.25 0.25 0.25 Min: 0.142- saturation, increasing the of the This nutrient availability of Al3+ ions; British Review imbalance, 1.626N/1.269S mobilisation of Al3+ may Isles uses altered cause toxicity to plants 5 composition Max: 0.357- and mycorrhiza; may mycorrhiza cause a decline in tree and ground vitality and changes in 2.519N/2.377S vegetation ground flora species composition; may have This Review direct effect on lower uses Min plants (bryophytes and ranges lichens); may cause increased susceptibility to pathogens and pests.

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.4.6 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the site outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Invasive non-native species Forest and plantation management and use Air pollution, air-borne pollutants Problematic non-native species

3.2.4.7 Whilst the threats and pressures may be alleviated to some extent by the management of the site as a National Nature Reserve (NNR), Natural England's Site Improvement Plan expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features. (ix) The issues are identified in the following table:

Table 11 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Pressure Description

Invasive Species Rhododendron and Himalayan balsam are fairly widespread in Castle Eden Dene, and other non-native species like Snowberry are also present and may be spreading. These supress the native understorey vegetation and may supress regeneration of saplings too. The extent of the issue within the yew compartments of the site needs to be assessed. Control of invasives is in the NNR management plan and is happening, but yew groves may need to be prioritised for action in the next NNR five year plan due in 2016.

Forestry and woodland Non-native conifers and other non-native species have been planted in the management past, and where these form tall dense canopies they are thought to be shading out the yew and suppressing regeneration. Even where the other canopy trees

ix Available at: Site Improvement Plan: Castle Eden Dene SAC

36 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Threat / Pressure Description

are native, it would probably be beneficial to do some thinning and felling around the stands of yew where yew is being shaded out.

Deer Deer are known to be present and whilst the size of the population is unknown, evidence of browsed yew seedlings suggests they are having an impact on yew regeneration and may need to be controlled.

Air pollution: Nitrogen deposition exceeds site relevant critical loads. atmospheric nitrogen deposition

3.2.4.8 In respect of air pollution, one of the primary solutions to air pollution issues identified through the Improvement Programme for England's Natura 2000 sites is through buffering. (x)Previous consideration to buffering the site through further tree planting has been given by the Council. However, there is little opportunity to buffer Castle Eden Dene SAC as the verges of the A19 are already sufficiently 'planted up' with scrub and trees, both adjacent to and to the north and south of the reserve.

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.4.9 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

No loss of ancient semi-natural stands At least current area of recent semi-natural stands maintained, although their location may alter. Woodland natural processes and structure / structural diversity maintained Natural regeneration to maintain canopy density over a 20 year period Limited loss of native woodland species to non-native or other external factors (e.g. Pollution, disease) Limited air pollution Maintain species, habitats and structures characteristic to the site

Question 10

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of Castle Eden Dene SAC and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

x Natural England and Environment Agency (December 2012) Improvement programme for England’s Natura 2000 sites (IPENS)

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 37 3 Evidence Gathering

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 12 Potential effects of the Plan: Castle Eden Dene SAC

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Hydrology Species Quality Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

Castle Eden Whilst Castle Changes to Due to the Whilst New Invasive This An increase in Dene SAC is Eden Dene hydrological wooded increased development species as a issue is disturbance is directly SAC is not conditions nature and development in the area result of not not considered adjacent to the considered to are not topography of in the area supported by inappropriate relevant to be a A19. Housing, be water considered the SAC it is could the Plan is not planting linked to the potential employment dependant, to be a highly unlikely increase considered to new SAC as impact and retail an increase potential that levels of likely to have development it is not a pathway to growth in hard impact development access to the any effect on and coastal Castle Eden proposed by standing as a pathway to supported by SAC, deer inappropriate habitat Dene SAC the Plan and result of new Castle Eden the Plan populations garden waste due to the within the development Dene SAC would incur recreational and disposal has nature of the plans of other in the area due to its direct land pressure is associated the potential SAC in neighbouring could qualifying take. manageable damage to to affect the respect of its authorities is increase features and However, a given the habitat structure and qualifying likely to surface water reported precautionary existing function of habitat, increase traffic run-off to the threats and approach to management qualifying reported volumes on site and pressure this impact procedures habitat of threats and this regional cause pathway will and the Castle Eden pressures and transport erosion and be taken. nature of the Dene SAC. key corridor and gullying SAC itself in environmental therefore which may limiting conditions vehicle affect tree off-track emissions. stability over activities. However, air time. New pollution is not housing identified as a development threat to the may also SSSI condition increase for either of pressure on the SSSI units the capacity closest to the of the sewer A19 and as system in the critical area and thresholds increase the have already risk of sewer been flooding exceeded, without further traffic timely is not likely to investment. make a significant increase. Particularly as only as small percentage of the 5km site is within 200 metres of the A19. There is however, potential for adverse effects, if polluting development types, that are likely to require an air quality assessment are allocated within the Plan in locations

38 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Hydrology Species Quality Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

which could increase wider deposition to the SAC.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.4.10 The following impact pathways will be taken into account throughout the screening of the plan in respect of Castle Eden Dene SAC:

Air Quality; Water Quality (run off to site causing erosion); and Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation (via land take and invasive species)

Question 11

Have we correctly identified the various ways in which the Local Plan may affect Castle Eden Dene SAC and do you agree with the choice of impact pathways that we will consider throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.5 Thrislington SAC

3.2.5.1 Thrislington SAC was designated in April 2005 and covers an area of approximately 23 hectares south of the village of West Cornforth. Thrislington SAC is a small site but nonetheless contains the largest of the few surviving stands of CG8 Sesleria albicans - Scabiosa columbaria grassland. This form of calcareous grassland is confined to the Magnesian Limestone of County Durham and Tyne and Wear. It now covers less than 200 hectares and is found mainly as small scattered stands.

Qualifying Features

Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia); Dry grasslands and scrublands on chalk or limestone

Conservation Objectives

3.2.5.2 With regard to the SAC and the natural habitats and/or species for which the site has been designated and subject to natural change;

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 39 3 Evidence Gathering

3.2.5.3 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats, and The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats rely

Condition Assessment

3.2.5.4 During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 100% of the component SSSI was classified as 'area favourable.' The status of the site has not changed between the condition assessments of 2013 and 2015. However, from examination of the UK Air Pollution Information System datasets (xi) it is evident that critical ranges for air pollutants

and sensitive qualifying species have been exceeded. The main sources of NO2 and SO2 forecast to 2020 are Livestock production: UK (all sources including IPPC installations) (40.4%) and Imported emissions (e.g. Emissions from Europe, Ireland and other countries (33.9%) respectively.

Table 13 Air Pollutants Affecting Thrislington SAC (red shading indicates exceedence of thresholds, amber shading indicates pollutants that are close to exceeding critical thresholds)

Qualifying Nitrogen N Dep Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Feature Deposition Critical Load Impacts (Nitrogen / Sulphur Critical Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) Ranges keq/ha/yr) Load Ranges

Min Av Max Min Av Max

Semi-natural 21.9 21.9 21.9 N Ranges Increase in NO2 1.57 1.57 1.57 A Ranges Leaching will dry 15-25kg. This tall grasses, cause a grassland Review uses decline in decrease in SO2 0.19 0.19 0.19 Min & Max: and 15 diversity, 0.856-5.856N/4S soil base scrubland increased saturation, facies: on mineralization, This Review increasing calcareous N leaching; uses Min the substrates surface ranges availability of acidification. Al3+ ions; mobilisation of Al3+ may cause toxicity to plants and mycorrhiza; may have direct effect on lower plants (bryophytes and lichens).

xi APIS

40 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.5.5 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the site outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Changes in abiotic condition Air pollution, air-borne pollutants Unknown threat or pressure

3.2.5.6 Whilst the threats and pressures may be alleviated to some extent by the management of the site as a National Nature Reserve (NNR), Natural England's Site Improvement Plan expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features. (xii) The issues are identified in the following table:

Table 14 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Pressure Description

Air pollution: atmospheric Nitrogen deposition exceeds the site-relevant critical load for ecosystem nitrogen deposition protection and hence there is a risk of harmful effects, but the sensitive features are currently considered to be in favourable condition on the site. This requires further investigation as it could be a contributory factor in the currently observed spread of erect brome Bromopsis erecta across the SAC.

Climate change Thrislington SAC lies at the transition between the cool and wet north west, and warm and dry south east and the vegetation reflects this. Climate change may result in significant species composition change.

Change to site conditions There is an observed spread of Bromopsis erecta within the site. This could be due to a combination of factors including nitrogen deposition, climate change and historic

transplantation.

3.2.5.7 In respect of air pollution, previous consideration to buffering the site through further tree planting has been given by the Council. However, Natural England advised that buffering of Thrislington SAC was unlikely to be effective.

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.5.8 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

No reduction in extent Continuous management by seasonally-adjusted grazing and no overgrazing No fertiliser input Control of invasive species Limited air pollution

xii Available at: Site Implementation Plan: Thrislington SAC

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 41 3 Evidence Gathering

Question 12

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of Thrislington SAC and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 15 Potential effects of the Plan: Thrislington SAC

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

Thrislington SAC is located A deterioration Natural England's Due to the Increased New Invasive This An increase in approximately 400 metres in water quality Management Plan designation of development in development species as a issue is disturbance is west of the A1(M). 200 as a potential for Thrislington the site both the area could in the area result of not not considered metres is Natural England's consequence of National Nature as a SAC and increase levels supported by inappropriate relevant to be a accepted distance below the Plan is not Reserve states: NNR it is of access to the the Plan is not planting linked to the potential which vehicle emissions considered to highly unlikely SAC. Whilst the considered to new SAC as impact are considered likely to be be a potential that the Plan site is managed likely to have development it is not a pathway to an issue. In this respect impact Pathway would support as a NNR and any effect on and coastal Thrislington significant effects to to Thrislington development the management predation inappropriate habitat SAC due to Thrislington SAC as a SAC as the site Hydrological that would procedures limit such as garden waste the nature of result of traffic growth on is not connected surveys incur direct the impact of overgrazing disposal has the SAC in the A1(M) linked to by surface carried land take. visitors due to by sheep the potential respect of its increased development are water sources out by However, a the specific (which is to affect the qualifying highly unlikely. or dependent on Redland precautionary sensitivities of managed in structure and habitat, groundwater aggregates approach to Thrislington SAC any respect) function of reported sources. The (now this impact i.e. the and qualifying threats and However, an unclassified Plan is also Lafarge) pathway will vegetation associated habitat of pressures and road is within 200 metres unlikely to show that be taken. composition and damage to Thrislington key of Thrislington SAC and an significantly the water structure is at habitat SAC which environmental increase in housing or increase areas table is at risk of being could act in conditions employment development of hardstanding 94 affected by combination in the local area may or increase metres increased with the increase use of this road pressure on AOD nutrient inputs potential and emissions. There are sewer systems relative (dog walking) effects of also potential for adverse in the villages to a land and general climate effects if polluting closest to the surface trampling, a change. development types that are site in terms of at 131 precautionary likely to require an air affecting metres approach to this quality assessment are surface water AOD. issue will be allocated within the Plan in run off. Flow is taken. locations which could from further increase deposition northeast to the SAC. to southwest suggesting Furthermore, in the event that even that the intensification of at the high grade dolomite surface, working is required over water the Plan period to the flow from extent where working external methods will change at the sources adjacent Thrislington will not Quarry, the impact of dust affect the emissions to the site will site. need to be taken into Water account. table changes are unlikely to affect surface vegetation.

Changes to hydrology are therefore not

42 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

considered to be an impact pathway.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.5.9 The following impact pathways will be taken into account throughout the screening of the plan in respect of Thrislington SAC:

Air Quality; and Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation (via land take, recreational pressure and invasive species)

Question 13

Have we correctly identified the various ways in which the Local Plan may affect Thrislington SAC and do you agree with the choice of impact pathways that we will consider throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.6 North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA

3.2.6.1 The potential impact of the Local Plan on the North Pennine Moors SAC and the North Pennine Moors SPA will be considered together as qualifying SPA species are largely reliant on the extent and distribution of qualifying SAC species. Any potential impact to the SAC is therefore also considered to have a knock on effect to the SPA. This section introduces both sites and identifies potential inter-related impacts.

3.2.6.2 North Pennine Moors SPA was designated in February 2001 and covers an area of approximately 147,246 hectares across the administrative boundaries of Cumbria, Durham, North Yorkshire and Northumberland. Approximately, 46,736 hectares of the designation (31.74%) is within County Durham's boundary across the former district areas of Teesdale and Weardale.

3.2.6.3 North Pennine Moors SAC was designated in April 2005 and covers an area of approximately 103,109 hectares across the administrative boundaries of Cumbria, Durham, North Yorkshire and Northumberland. Approximately, 29,293 hectares of the designation (28.41%) is within County Durham's boundary across the former district areas of Teesdale and Weardale.

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 43 3 Evidence Gathering

3.2.6.4 The North Pennine Moors (along with the North York Moors) hold much of the upland heathland of northern England. At higher altitudes and to the wetter west and north of the site complex, the heaths grade into extensive areas of blanket bogs. The site is considered as supporting the major area of blanket bog in England. A significant proportion remains active with accumulating peat, although these areas are often bounded by sizeable zones of currently non-active bog, albeit on deep peat. The habitat of North Pennine Moors SAC supports breeding pairs of Hen harrier, Merlin, Peregrine falcon, European Golden plover, Dunlin and Eurasian curlew.

Qualifying Features (SPA)

Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Re-producing) Falco columbarius; Merlin (Re-producing) Falco peregrinus; Peregrine falcon (Re-producing) Pluvialis apricaria; European golden plover (Re-producing)

3.2.6.5 The site also qualifies under Article 4.2 of the Directive (79/409/EEC) by supporting populations of European importance of the following migratory species

Numenius arquata; Curlew (Re-producing) Calidris alpina schinzii; Dunlin (Re-producing)

Qualifying Features (SAC)

Table 16 Qualifying Features North Pennine Moors SAC

Annex I habitats that are a Annex I habitats present as a qualifying Annex II primary reason for site selection feature but not a primary reason for site species selection present as a qualifying feature but not a primary reason for site selection

European dry heaths Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix: Saxifraga Wet heathland with cross-leaved heath hirculus; Marsh saxifrage Juniperus communis formations on Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia heaths or calcareous grasslands; calaminariae; Grasslands on soils rich in heavy Juniper on heaths or calcareous metals grasslands

Blanket bogs Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands; Montane acid grasslands

Petrifying springs with tufa formation Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland (Cratoneurion); Hard-water springs facies: on calcareous substrates depositing lime (Festuco-Brometalia); Dry grasslands and scrublands on chalk or limestone

44 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Annex I habitats that are a Annex I habitats present as a qualifying Annex II primary reason for site selection feature but not a primary reason for site species selection present as a qualifying feature but not a primary reason for site selection

Siliceous rocky slopes with Alkaline fens; Calcium-rich springwater-fed fens chasmophytic vegetation; Plants in crevices on acid rocks

Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels Blechnum in the Bristish Isles; (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galepsietalia Western acidic oak woodland ladani); Acidic scree

Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation; Plants in crevices in base-rich rocks

Conservation Objectives

3.2.6.6 With regard to the SAC and SPA and the natural habitats and the individual species and / or assemblage of species for which the site has been designated / classified and subject to natural change;

3.2.6.7 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features and the aims of the Wild Birds Directive, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats The structure and function of the habitats of qualifying species The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species rely The populations of qualifying species, and, The distribution of qualifying species within the site.

Condition Assessment

3.2.6.8 The North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA comprises sixteen component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 11% of the component SSSI's combined were classified as 'area favourable,' 88% were classified as 'unfavourable recovering,' 0.9% were classified as 'unfavourable no change' and 0.1% were classified as unfavourable declining.' The favourable condition status of the site has improved marginally (by 1.2%) between the condition assessments of 2013 and 2015.

3.2.6.9 However, from examination of the UK Air Pollution Information System datasets (xiii) it is evident that critical ranges for air pollutants and sensitive qualifying species of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA have largely been exceeded. The main sources of xiii APIS

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 45 3 Evidence Gathering

NO2 and SO2 forecast to 2020 are Livestock production: UK (all sources including IPPC installations) (40.9%) and Imported emissions (e.g. Emissions from Europe, Ireland and other countries (44.2%) respectively.

Table 17 Air Pollutants Affecting North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA (red shading indicates exceedence of thresholds, amber shading indicates pollutants that are close to exceeding critical thresholds)

Qualifying Nitrogen N Dep Critical Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Feature Deposition Load Ranges Impacts (Nitrogen/Sulphur Critical Load Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) keq/ha/yr) Ranges

Min Av Max Min Av Max

Saxifraga 13.6 22.4 34.2 N Ranges Changes in NO2 0.97 1.6 2.44 A Ranges Leaching will hirculus; 5-10kg. This species cause a Marsh Review uses 5 composition; decrease in SO2 0.13 0.38 0.58 Min:0.178- saxifrage increase in soil base plant 0.491N/0.17S saturation, production. increasing the Max:0.536- availability of Al3+ ions; 4.398N/4.22S mobilisation of Al3+ may This Review cause toxicity uses Min to plants and ranges mycorrhiza; may have direct effect on lower plants (bryophytes and lichens).

Blanket Bogs 13.6 22.4 34.2 N Ranges Increase in NO2 0.97 1.6 2.44 A Ranges As above 5-10kg. This vascular Review uses 5 plants, altered SO2 0.24 0.38 0.58 Min:0.321- growth and species 0.566N/0.245S composition of bryophytes, Max:0.321- increased N in peat and peat water. 1.12N/0.799S

This Review uses Min ranges

Siliceous 13.6 22.4 34.2 N Ranges Changes in NO2 0.97 1.6 2.44 A Ranges As above alpine and 5-10kg. This species boreal Review uses 5 composition; SO2 0.13 0.38 0.58 Min:0.178- grasslands increase in plant 0.491N/0.17S production. Max:0.536-

4.398N/4.22S

This Review uses Min ranges

46 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Qualifying Nitrogen N Dep Critical Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Feature Deposition Load Ranges Impacts (Nitrogen/Sulphur Critical Load Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) keq/ha/yr) Ranges

Calcareous 13.6 22.4 34.2 N Ranges Decline in NO2 0.97 1.6 2.44 A Ranges As above rocky slopes 5-10kg. This lichens, with Review uses 5 bryophytes and SO2 0.13 0.38 0.58 Min:0.178- chasmophytic evergreen vegetation shrubs 0.491N/0.17S

Max:0.536-

4.398N/4.22S

This Review uses Min ranges

Siliceous 13.6 22.4 34.2 N Ranges Decline in NO2 0.97 1.6/ 2.44 A Ranges As above scree of the 5-15kg. This lichens, montane to Review uses 5 bryophytes and SO2 0.13 0.38 0.58 Min:0.178- snow levels evergreen shrubs 0.491N/0.17S

Max:0.536-

4.398N/4.22S

This Review uses Min ranges

Siliceous 13.6 22.4 34.2 N Ranges Decline in NO2 0.97 1.6 2.44 A Ranges As above rocky slopes 5-15kg. This lichens, with Review uses 5 bryophytes and SO2 0.13 0.38 0.58 Min:0.178- chasmophytic evergreen vegetation shrubs 0.491N/0.17S

Max:0.536-

4.398N/4.22S

This Review uses Min ranges

Old sessile 22.5 36.3 56.4 N Ranges Decrease in NO2 1.61 2.6 4.03 A Ranges Leaching will oak woods 10-15kg. This mycorrhiza, cause a with Ilex and Review uses loss of decrease in SO2 0.15 0.51 0.84 Min:0.142- Blechnum in 10 epiphytic soil base the British lichens and 0.606N/0.321S saturation, Isles bryophytes, increasing changes in the Max:0.5- ground availability of vegetation Al3+ ions; 11.614N/11.42S mobilisation of Al3+ may This Review cause toxicity uses Min to plants and ranges mycorrhiza; may cause a

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 47 3 Evidence Gathering

Qualifying Nitrogen N Dep Critical Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Feature Deposition Load Ranges Impacts (Nitrogen/Sulphur Critical Load Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) keq/ha/yr) Ranges

decline in tree vitality and changes in ground flora species composition; may have direct effect on lower plants (bryophytes and lichens); may cause increased susceptibility to pathogens and pests.

European Dry 13.6 22.3 34.2 N Ranges Transition from NO2 0.97 1.6 2.44 A Ranges Leaching will Heaths 10-20kg. This heather to cause a Review uses grass decrease in SO2 0.13 0.38 0.58 Min: 0.499- 10 dominance, soil base decline in 0.812N/0.17S saturation, lichens, increasing changes in the Max:1.107- plant availability of biochemistry, Al3+ ions; increased 5.072N/4.22S mobilisation sensitivity to of Al3+ may abiotic stress. This Review cause toxicity uses Min to plants and ranges mycorrhiza; may have direct effect on lower plants (bryophytes and lichens).

Juniperus 22.5 36.3 56.4 N Ranges As above NO2 0.97 1.6 2.44 A Ranges As above communis 10-20kg. This formations on Review uses SO2 0.13 0.38 0.58 Min: 0.499 heaths or 10 calcareous -0.812N/0.17S grasslands Max:1.107-

5.072N/4.22S

This Review uses Min ranges

Northern 13.6 22.3 34.2 N Ranges Transition NO2 0.97 1.6 2.44 A Ranges As above Atlantic wet 10-20kg. This heather to heaths with Review uses grass. SO2 0.13 0.38 0.58 Min: 0.499- Erica Tetralix 10 Ericaceous species 0.812N/0.17S susceptible to frost and Max:1.107 drought.

48 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Qualifying Nitrogen N Dep Critical Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Feature Deposition Load Ranges Impacts (Nitrogen/Sulphur Critical Load Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) keq/ha/yr) Ranges

-5.072N/4.22S

This Review uses Min ranges

Semi-natural 13.6 22.3 34.2 N Ranges Increase in tall NO2 0.97 1.6 2.44 A Ranges As above dry 15-25kg. This grasses, grasslands Review uses decline in SO2 0.13 0.38 0.58 Min:0.856- and scrubland 15 diversity, facies: on increased 4.856N/4S calcareous mineralization, substrates N leaching; Max:1.214- surface acidification. 5.214N/4S

This Review uses Min rages

Calaminarian 13.6 22.3 34.2 N Ranges As above NO2 0.97 1.6 2.44 A Ranges As above grasslands of 15-25kg. This Violetalia Review uses SO2 0.13 0.38 0.58 Min:0.856- calaminariae 15 4.856N/4S

Max:1.214-

5.214N/4S

This Review uses Min rages

Alkaline Fens 13.6 22.3 34.2 N ranges Increase in tall NO2 Not considered to N/A N/A 15-30kg. This graminoids, / be sensitive Review uses decrease in SO2 15 bryophytes.

Petrifying 13.6 22.3 34.2 N Ranges Increase in NO2 Not considered to N/A N/A springs with 15-25kg. This vascular / be sensitive tufa formation Review uses plants, SO2 15 decrease in bryophytes

European 13.6 21.5 34.2 N Ranges Decreased NO2 Not considered to N/A N/A Golden Plover 10-20kg. This heather / be sensitive Review uses dominance, SO2 10 decline in lichens and mosses, increase in N leaching leading to:

Transition of breeding habitat

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 49 3 Evidence Gathering

Qualifying Nitrogen N Dep Critical Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Feature Deposition Load Ranges Impacts (Nitrogen/Sulphur Critical Load Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) keq/ha/yr) Ranges

(moorland, unmanaged heather moor, bogs and hill pasture) to grass. However food availability may increase due to eutrophication

Hen Harrier 13.6 21.5 34.2 N Ranges Loss of old NO2 Not considered to N/A N/A 10-20kg. This deep heather / be sensitive Review uses as nesting SO2 10 habitat could cause decline

Peregrine Falcon Not considered to be sensitive: main prey base occurs in a variety of habitats

Merlin Not considered to be sensitive: over the last 20-30 years there has been an increase in use from nesting on moorland to nesting in conifer plantations

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.6.10 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the SAC and SPA outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Table 18 Threats and pressures

SPA SAC

Fire and fire suppression Fire and fire suppression

Grazing Grazing

Human induced changes in hydraulic conditions Human induced changes in hydraulic conditions

Hunting and collection of wild animals including damage Modification of cultivation caused by game (excessive density) and taking / removal of terrestrial animals

Reduced fecundity / genetic depression Interspecific faunal relations

3.2.6.11 Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for the North Pennines Group (which also includes Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC) expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features as follows: (xiv)

xiv Available at: Site Improvement Plan: North Pennines Group

50 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Table 19 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Pressure Description

Low breeding Suitable habitat exists on the site to support successful breeding, but low numbers success / poor of hen harrier are present (confined to one specific area). recruitment

Managed rotational The Uplands Evidence Review has provided strong evidence that, amongst other burning things, managed rotational burning results in changes to the plant and faunal species composition and peat properties of blanket bogs and wet heath. Rotational burning of habitats supporting heather is carried out throughout the North Pennines as part of the management of moors for red grouse shooting and sheep grazing. However, frequent repeated burning, in combination with grazing and drainage, is affecting the condition of the blanket bog on a wide scale. It also alters distribution of age structure and distribution/availability of nesting bird habitat within blanket bog, wet heath and dry heath habitats.

Inappropriate Inappropriate grazing affects species composition of many habitats and can cause Grazing loss of extent of notified habitats and species. Rabbits as well as livestock cause localised overgrazing and additionally affect habitats on fragile substrates through burrowing. In many areas agri-environment schemes are helping to address this issue, but these are only temporary, lasting up to 10 years.

Change in land 1. Where differing vegetation types exist in a mosaic, achieving the ideal grazing management levels for different habitat types can be challenging, particularly on large areas of unenclosed common grazing land. In some areas, changes in grazing management to improve the condition of extensive features (eg blanket bog and dry heath) appears to have resulted in adverse changes in structure in other equally important but less extensive habitats, such as limestone grassland with rare arctic alpines and flushes supporting yellow marsh saxifrage.

2. There has been a general reduction in hardy cattle and an increase in the proportion of sheep, which graze more selectively and create a more uniform structure.

Disease Phytopthera ('Juniper die-back') disease has been confirmed in Juniper at Upper Teesdale. This is a significant threat as it has the potential to destroy the interest feature and there is a lack of mechanisms to address it.

Hydrological Past drainage ('moor-gripping') has caused hydrological changes within blanket changes peat and some other water-dependent features such as alkaline fens. The effects on blanket bog are severe and widespread, potentially also resulting in impacts on breeding waders. Although mechanisms are underway in many areas to address the effects, through grip blocking, this work is not complete throughout the North Pennines Natura 2000 sites.

Game Technical changes in terms of off-road vehicles and machinery to control burning management: has allowed access to areas of moorland that were previously difficult to manage grouse moors and has increased commercial competition. This combined with improved medicated grit has provided an impetus for estates to increase the intensity of management with the aim of increasing bag numbers. The trend for intensification of activities associated with grouse moor management has known impacts on several designated habitats and bird species. There may also be future impacts (eg from medicated grit on moorland invertebrates) which are currently poorly understood.

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 51 3 Evidence Gathering

Threat / Pressure Description

Direct land take Development applications (such as tracks, quarrying and windfarms) are usually from development small scale but there is the potential for in combination effects on the European site. Proposals are dealt with via the planning control process but usually require pre-application advice.

Air pollution: risk of The critical loads for nitrogen are exceeded within these sites. The actual impacts atmospheric of this are unclear at present. However, increased nitrogen deposition has the nitrogen deposition potential to affect the species composition of sensitive habitats. There is particular concern about effects of nitrogen deposition on limestone grasslands which support arctic alpine species in the Upper Teesdale NNR, where an increasing proportion of grasses and a 'bulky' sward have been observed. In such areas, research into interactions with grazing and nutrient limitation will be a future requirement.

Fertiliser use Fertiliser use on certain areas, in particular upland hay meadows, is preventing achievement of favourable condition due to eutrophication. Inappropriate timing of in-field operations impacts on nesting birds (e.g. curlew).

Inappropriate Inappropriate timing of taking the hay crop from northern hay meadows impacts cutting / mowing on vegetation composition and structure and hence the ability to restore unfavourable examples of an already extremely restricted habitat. The mechanisms to address this are only partly effective.

Invasive species An increase in dominance of larger, more competitive rushes, in particular soft rush, has been observed over much of the North Pennines, particularly in the moorland fringes. This affects the structure and composition of habitats into which the rushes have spread. The reasons for this (management or environmental change) are unclear.

Agricultural 1. Localised enrichment from feed sites and wider impacts from unsustainable management winter grazing levels on sensitive habitats. 2.General agricultural intensification practices of the moorland fringes outside the site boundary could have long term effects on populations of breeding birds within the SPA which are reliant on these for feeding (eg curlew, golden plover).

Vehicles Vehicle use for moorland or agricultural management or for recreational activity can damage habitats associated with soft ground in particular. It can also have direct impacts on or cause disturbance to breeding birds.

Vehicles: Illicit There are localised but severe effects on bird populations and habitats through disturbance and direct physical damage as a result of illegal vehicle activity eg motorbikes.

Public access / There are localised but severe effects on bird populations and habitats through disturbance disturbance and direct physical damage as a result of high or inappropriate recreational usage. As well as well established traditional walking routes (eg coast to coast path and Pennine Way) recreational activities such as gill scrambling, mountain-biking, geocaching and large organised outdoor events are increasing.

Deer Grazing of trees by deer reduces regeneration, thereby having an impact on the structure of the Juniper and Sessile oak woodland interest features.

52 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Threat / Pressure Description

Feature location / National research is needed to better understand favourable conservation status extent / condition for some features. Some types of survey data are lacking or out of date which unknown means knowledge of interest features is limited: Some smaller scale and less well described habitats are poorly mapped within the site. Therefore current extent and distribution is poorly understood. New bird surveys are needed to check if the current SPA boundary now qualifies for the assemblage feature. Survey of in-bye land would be helpful to see if any qualifies for SPA or SAC status for birds or other interest features eg. Juniper, that are known to occur on land adjacent to the Natura 2000 site. For the Vertigo genesii population, dynamics are poorly understood.

Climate change There is a threat to the distribution and range of species and habitats which are at the edge of their climatic range as result of climate and environmental change. This has the potential to have severe and widespread effects in the longer term.

3.2.6.12 The North Pennines AONB Management Plan 2014-19 also reports and confirms the following issues:

Artificial drainage systems occur across the AONB, from grips on the blanket bog and heather moorland to field drains in meadows and pastures. Such systems have reduced the value of wetlands and caused significant erosion. A comprehensive programme of grip blocking has been undertaken in recent years which is set to continue The populations on non-native species are steadily increasing. American mink for example, can pose a threat to qualifying species through the introduction and/or carriage of disease, competition for food and/or space and direct predation Despite the introduction of the Heather and Grass Burning Code, the burning of dwarf shrub communities continues to be an area of debate, as does burning blanket bog Stocking levels - blanket prescriptions will not bring about the right conditions for farming or conservation and an outcome focused approach is necessary The 'climate space' for some local species may disappear The populations of several species of bird of prey are artificially low, or unable to establish at all; the significant factor in this is still likely to be illegal persecution.

3.2.6.13 In relation to localised issues of public access and disturbance, Natural England has highlighted specific issues relating to canoing activity, where people are accessing the river Tees in various places, and dragging their canoes across designated habitats to do this.

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.6.14 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 53 3 Evidence Gathering

Table 20 Key Environmental Conditions

SPA SAC

No loss of area of habitat Control of grazing Grazing to maintain suitable moorland Appropriate moorland management including Control of erosion and peat extraction management of scrub/tree/bracken Diversity, age and structure of vegetation encroachment Food availability (birds, day flying moths, Limited air pollution small mammals, soil and ground surface No drainage of wet areas - maintenance of invertebrates) wet areas Open landscape Maintenance of water quality - organics/silt Lack of disturbance and persecution (moor form physical disturbance burning, vehicles, stock, dogs and walkers) Limited erosion by human impacts (e.g. Recreation) Very little peat extraction (no mechanised extraction)

Question 14

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of the North Pennines Moors SAC and SPA and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 21 Potential effects of the Plan: North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

Whilst the The North The North A number of New New Invasive This In addition to Local Plan is Pennine Pennine quarries exist in development as development species as a issue is disturbance unlikely to lead Moors SAC Moors SAC the area with supported by in the area result of not as a result of to a significant and SPA is and SPA is several sites being the Plan within supported by inappropriate relevant recreational proportion of water vulnerable to located within or the North the Plan is not planting linked to the pressure, new dependant and changes in adjacent to the Pennines considered to new SAC or development development sensitive to groundwater North Pennine recreational likely to have development SPA as it types that and associated changes to supply Moors SAC and catchment and any effect on and is not a cause noise traffic growth in water quality. particularly in SPA. The / or tourism predation inappropriate coastal and/or rural West Whilst the respect of recommencement development such as garden waste habitat vibration Durham a Local Plan is blanket bog or extension of may increase overgrazing disposal has such as precautionary unlikely to drying up. these sites could the adverse by sheep or the potential minerals approach to significantly There are incur direct land effects of deer and to affect the working this impact increase run potential for take and / or the recreational associated structure and could also pathway will be off or sewage adverse loss of functional pressure on damage to function of cause taken flooding due to effects if land. Other types qualifying habitat. qualifying disturbance particularly due assumed low development of development habitats and However, new habitat of the to qualifying to potential levels of is supported will also need to species. housing North Pennine SPA species in-combination housing by the Plan be taken into located in Moors SAC effects development that requires account in respect However, close which could associated in the most its own water of their potential to Natural proximity to act in with promoting rural parts of supply. result in land take. England's Site the SPA may combination the area for the County it is Dewatering, For example, increase with the

54 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

tourism considered if required by government report for the predation of potential purposes and necessary to minerals guidance now North Peninines qualifying bird effects of haulage take a working requires Local AONB (2009) species climate associated precautionary could also Plans to identify which outline change on the with minerals approach to give rise to suitable areas for the results of a distribution working. this matter. adverse wind turbines in three year and range of effects. particular. monitoring species. Roads in West West Durham research Durham within is a rural and programme to 200 metres of relatively monitor and the North remote area of obtain Pennine Moors County information on SAC and SPA Durham and in the Public use include: some of Open Access circumstances land concludes there is no that most -The B6278 visitors appear between public sewer system to to stick to Eggleston and Public Rights of Edmundbyers connect to. In such Way and dogs circumstances are kept under -The B6277 alternative control. The between means of implementation Bowlees and disposing of of actions Harwood wastewater outlined within are required, the North Pennines -The B6276 such as cess AONB between pits and septic Management Thringarth and tanks. Whilst Plan regarding Lune Head individually such methods management of of disposal popular walking -The A66 may pose little routes and between risk to surface promotion of Bowes and or existing visitor Bowes Moor groundwater codes of quality, the practice should -An cumulative also help to unclassified impact of lots limit levels of road between of such damage and Stanhope and schemes could disturbance, Rookhope be detrimental albeit it is to the SAC recognised that specific actions There are also and SPA in the long term. targeting the potential for practices of adverse effects canoeists may if polluting The potential be required. development impact of types that are minerals likely to require working on In addition to an air quality surface and the above, it is assessment groundwater envisaged that are allocated quality as the Plan will within the Plan supported by only allocate in locations the Plan will low levels of which could also need to housing growth further be taken into within rural increase account as Teesdale / deposition to part of the Weardale and the SAC and screening will not allocate SPA. process. specific tourism developments in the North Furthermore, Pennine Moors dust emissions Area. Therefore from minerals the Plan is development unlikely to may need to significantly

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 55 3 Evidence Gathering

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

be taken into impact the account as North Pennine part of the Moors SAC or screening SPA via this assessment. impact pathway. However, the potential for in-combination effects will be considered and if following consultation, significant allocations are identified within West Durham this position will be reviewed.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.6.15 The following impact pathways will be taken into account throughout the screening of the plan in respect of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA:

Air Quality; Water Quality; Hydrology; Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation (via land take, recreational pressure, predation and invasive species); and Species Disturbance

Question 15

Have we correctly identified the various ways in which the Local Plan may affect the North Pennines SAC and SPA and do you agree with the choice of impact pathways that we will consider throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.7 Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC

3.2.7.1 The potential impact of the Local Plan on Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and the North Pennine Moors SPA will be considered together as qualifying SPA species are largely reliant on the extent and distribution of qualifying SAC species. Any potential

56 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

impact to the SAC is therefore also considered to have a knock on effect to the SPA. The North Pennine Moors SPA is described in the previous section and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC is described in this section.

3.2.7.2 Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC was designated in April 2005 and comprises a total area of approximately 38,796 hectares across the administrative boundaries of Cumbria and Durham. Approximately, 18,622 hectares of the designated area (48%) is within County Durham's boundary in the former district area of Teesdale.

3.2.7.3 Moor House Upper Teesdale has the most extensive area of Alpine and Boreal Heaths south of Scotland and has the most extensive area of juniper scrub in the UK. The summit of Cross Fell has the best developed and most extensive area of Siliceous alpine and boreal grassland in England. The site includes the least damaged and most extensive tracts of typical blanket mire in England and shows this community type up to its highest altitude in England.

Qualifying Features

Table 22 Qualifying Features Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC

Annex I habitats that are a primary reason for site selection Annex I Annex II habitats species that present as a are a primary qualifying reason for feature but not selection of a primary this site reason for site selection

Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara European dry Vertigo genesii; spp; Calcium-rich nutrient-poor lakes, lochs and pools. heaths Round-mouthed whorl snail

Alpine and Boreal heaths; Alpine and subalpine heaths Limestone Saxifraga pavements hirculus; Marsh Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous saxifrage grasslands; Juniper on heaths or calcareous grasslands

Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae; Grasslands on soils rich in heavy metals

Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands; Montane acid grasslands

Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia); Dry grasslands and scrublands on chalk or limestone

Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae); Purple moor-grass meadows

Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels

Mountain hay meadows

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 57 3 Evidence Gathering

Annex I habitats that are a primary reason for site selection Annex I Annex II habitats species that present as a are a primary qualifying reason for feature but not selection of a primary this site reason for site selection

Blanket bogs

Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion); Hard-water springs depositing lime

Alkaline fens; Base rich fens

Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae; High-altitude plant communities associated with areas of water seepage

Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani); Acidic scree

Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii); Base rich scree

Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation; Plants in crevices in base-rich rocks

Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation; Plants in crevices on acid rocks

Conservation Objectives

3.2.7.4 With regard to the SAC and the natural habitats and/or species for which the site has been designated and subject to natural change;

3.2.7.5 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats The structure and function of the habitats of qualifying species The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species rely The populations of qualifying species, and, The distribution of qualifying species within the site.

58 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Condition Assessment

3.2.7.6 Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC comprises four component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 8% of the component SSSI's combined were classified as 'area favourable,' 90% were classified as 'unfavourable recovering,' 1% were classified as 'unfavourable no change' and 1% were classified as unfavourable declining. The unfavourable declining status of the site has increased marginally (by 0.4%) between the condition assessments of 2013 and 2015. Some of the reasons recorded for adverse condition across the sites include:

Heather dominance potentially as a result of past intense burning management and moorland gripping Grazing pressure Loss of extent of blanket bog habitat as a result of track development

3.2.7.7 From examination of the UK Air Pollution Information System datasets (xv) it is also evident that critical ranges for air pollutants and sensitive qualifying species have

been exceeded. The main sources of NO2 and SO2 forecast to 2020 are Livestock production: UK (all sources including IPPC installations) (39.8%) and Alcan Primary Metal: Other industrial combustion, Ashington (38.5%) respectively.

Table 23 Air Pollutants Affecting Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC (red shading indicates exceedence of thresholds, amber shading indicates pollutants that are close to exceeding critical thresholds)

Qualifying Feature Nitrogen N Dep Critical Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Deposition Load Ranges Impacts (Nitrogen / Sulphur Critical Load Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) keq/ha/yr Ranges

Min Av Max Min Av Max

Blanket Bogs 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges Increase in NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges Leaching will 5-10kg. This vascular cause a Review uses 5 plants, altered Min:0.321- decrease in growth and soil base species 0.6N/0.279S saturation, composition of increasing bryophytes, the SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 increased N in availability of peat and peat Al3+ ions, water. mobilisation of Al3+ may cause toxicity to plants and mycorrhiza, may have direct effect on lower plants (bryophytes and lichens).

xv APIS

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 59 3 Evidence Gathering

Qualifying Feature Nitrogen N Dep Critical Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Deposition Load Ranges Impacts (Nitrogen / Sulphur Critical Load Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) keq/ha/yr Ranges

Molinia meadows 14 19.5 29.3 N Ranges Increase in tall NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above on calcareous, 15-25kg. This graminoids, peaty or Review uses decreased SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.223- clayes-silt-laden 15 diversity, soils decrease of 0.536N/0.17S bryophytes. Max:0.581-

4.353N/4.13S

This Review uses Min ranges

Marsh saxifrage 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges Changes in NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above 5-10kg. This species Review uses 5 composition; SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.178- increase in plant 0.491N/0.17S production. Max:0.536-

4.308N/4.13S

This Review uses Min ranges

Siliceous alpine and 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges As above NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above boreal grasslands 5-10kg. This Review uses 5 SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.178-

0.491N/0.17S

Max:0.536-

4.308N/4.13S

This Review uses Min ranges

Limestone 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges As above NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above Pavement 5-10kg. This Review uses 5 SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.856-0

4.856.N/4S

Max:1.214-

5.214N/4S

This Review uses Min ranges

60 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Qualifying Feature Nitrogen N Dep Critical Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Deposition Load Ranges Impacts (Nitrogen / Sulphur Critical Load Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) keq/ha/yr Ranges

Hydrophilous tall 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges As above NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above herb fringe 5-10kg. This communities of Review uses 5 SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.178- plains and of the montane to alpine 0.491N/0.17S levels Max:0.536-

4.308N/4.13S

This Review uses Min ranges

Calcareous rocky 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges As above NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above slopes with 5-10kg. This chasmophytic Review uses 5 SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.178- vegetation; Plants in crevices in 0.491N/0.17S base-rich rocks Max:0.536-

4.308N/4.13S

This Review uses Min ranges

Siliceous scree of 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges Decline in NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above the montane to 5-15kg. This lichens, snow levels Review uses 5 bryophytes and SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.178- evergreen shrubs. 0.491N/0.17S

Max:0.536-

4.308N/4.13S

This Review uses Min ranges

Siliceous rocky 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges As above NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above slopes with 5-15kg. This chasmophytic Review uses 5 SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.178- vegetation 0.491N/0.17S

Max:0.536-

4.308N/4.13S

This Review uses Min ranges

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 61 3 Evidence Gathering

Qualifying Feature Nitrogen N Dep Critical Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Deposition Load Ranges Impacts (Nitrogen / Sulphur Critical Load Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) keq/ha/yr Ranges

Alpine and Boreal 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges As above NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above Heaths 5-15kg. This Review uses 5 SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.178-

0.491N/0.17S

Max:0.536-

4.308N/4.13S

This Review uses Min ranges

Calcareous and 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges As above NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above calcshist screes of 5-15kg. This the montane to Review uses 5 SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.178- alpine levels 0.491N/0.17S

Max:0.536-

4.308N/4.13S

This Review uses Min ranges

Mountain Hay 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges Increase in NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above Meadows 10-20kg. This nitrophilious Review uses graminoids, SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.223- 10 changes in diversity. 0.536N/0.17S

Max:0.581-

4.353N/4.13S

This Review uses Min ranges

European Dry 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges Transition from NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above Heaths 10-20kg. This heather to Review uses grass SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.499- 10 dominance, decline in 0.822N/0.17S lichens, changes in Max:1.107- plant biochemistry, increased 4.629N/4.13S sensitivity to abiotic stress. This Review uses Min ranges

62 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Qualifying Feature Nitrogen N Dep Critical Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Deposition Load Ranges Impacts (Nitrogen / Sulphur Critical Load Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) keq/ha/yr Ranges

Juniper on heaths 24.5 35.2 48.0 N Ranges Transition from NO2 1.75 2.52 3.43 A Ranges As above or calcareous 10-20kg. This heather to grasslands Review uses grass SO2 0.19 0.46 0.61 Min:0.499- 10 dominance, decline in 0.822N/0.17S lichens, changes in Max:1.107- plant biochemistry, increased 4.629N/4.13S sensitivity to abiotic stress. This Review uses Min ranges

Round Mouthed N/A N/A N/A N/A Not considered NO2 N/A N/A N/A Not N/A whorl snail to be sensitive considered to be sensitive SO2 N/A N/A N/A

Petrifying springs 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges Increase in NO2 N/A N/A N/A Not N/A with tufa formation 15-25kg. This vascular considered to Review uses plants, be sensitive SO2 N/A N/A N/A 15 decrease in bryophytes.

Alpine pioneer 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges As above NO2 N/A N/A N/A Not N/A formations of the 15-25kg. This considered to Caricion Review uses be sensitive SO2 N/A N/A N/A bicoloris-atrofuscae 15

Calaminarian 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges Increase in tall NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges Leaching will grasslands of the 15-25kg. This grasses, cause a Violetalia Review uses decline in decrease in SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.856-0 calaminariae 15 diversity, soil base increased 4.856.N/4S saturation, mineralization, increasing N leaching; the Max:1.214- surface availability of acidification. Al3+ ions, 5.214N/4S mobilisation of Al3+ may This Review cause toxicity uses Min to plants and ranges mycorrhiza, may have direct effect on lower plants (bryophytes and lichens).

Semi-natural dry 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges As above NO2 0.98 1.4 2.09 A Ranges As above grasslands and 15-25kg. This scrubland facies: on Review uses SO2 0.14 0.29 0.42 Min:0.856-0 calcareous 15 substrates 4.856.N/4S

Max:1.214-

5.214N/4S

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 63 3 Evidence Gathering

Qualifying Feature Nitrogen N Dep Critical Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Deposition Load Ranges Impacts (Nitrogen / Sulphur Critical Load Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) keq/ha/yr Ranges

This Review uses Min ranges

Alkaline Fells 13.7 19.5 29.3 N Ranges Increase in tall NO2 N/A N/A N/A Not N/A 15-30kg. This graminoids, considered to Review uses decrease in be sensitive SO2 N/A N/A N/A 15 bryophytes.

Hard 24.5 35.23 48.02 No comparable N/A NO2 N/A N/A N/A Not N/A oligo-mesotrophic habitat with considered to waters with benthic established be sensitive SO2 N/A N/A N/A vegetation of Chara critical load spp; estimate available

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.7.8 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the SAC outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Reduced fecundity / genetic depression Interspecific floral relations Fire and fire supression Grazing Modification of cultivation practices

3.2.7.9 Whilst the threats and issue may be ameliorated to some extent by the management of the SAC as a National Nature Reserve, Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for the North Pennines Group identifies a number of issues that are currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features. These were described in Table 20 in the previous section of this report but for ease of reference are re-listed as follows:

Low breeding success / poor recruitment Managed rotational burning Inappropriate grazing Change in land management Disease Hydrological changes Game management: grouse moors Direct land take from development Air pollution: risk of atmospheric nitrogen deposition Fertiliser use Inappropriate cutting / mowing Invasive species Agricultural management practices Vehicles Vehicles: Illicit

64 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Public access / disturbance Deer Feature location / extent / condition unknown Climate change

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.7.10 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

No loss in extent through afforestation or human activities No planting of conifers within the hydrological unit of blanket bog No significant erosion associated with human impacts (e.g. Drainage, fires, peat extraction, livestock grazing, recreational activities or military training) Limited air pollution Limited burning Adequate supply of water-limited drainage of wet areas Control of grazing pressures

Question 16

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 24 Potential effects of the Plan: Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

Whilst the Moor House Moor House A number of New New Invasive This In addition to Local Plan is Upper Upper quarries exist in development as development species as a issue is disturbance unlikely to lead Teesdale SAC Teesdale the area with supported by in the area result of not as a result of to a significant is water SAC is several sites being the Plan within supported by inappropriate relevant recreational proportion of dependant and vulnerable to located within or the North the Plan is not planting linked to the pressure, new sensitive to changes in adjacent to the Pennines considered to new SAC as development development changes to groundwater SAC. The recreational likely to have development it is not a types that and associated water quality. supply recommencement catchment and any effect on and coastal cause noise traffic growth in Whilst the particularly in or extension of / or tourism predation inappropriate habitat and/or rural West Local Plan is respect of these sites could development such as garden waste vibration Durham a unlikely to blanket bog incur direct land may increase overgrazing disposal has such as precautionary significantly drying up. take and / or the the adverse by sheep or the potential minerals approach to increase run There are loss of functional effects of deer and to affect the working this impact off or sewage potential for land. Other types recreational associated structure and could also pathway will be flooding due to adverse of development pressure on damage to function of cause taken assumed low effects if will also need to qualifying habitat qualifying disturbance particularly due levels of development be taken into habitats and habitat of the to qualifying to potential housing is supported account in respect species. SAC which features of

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 65 3 Evidence Gathering

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

in-combination development by the Plan of their potential to However, could act in the North effects in the most that requires result in land take. Natural combination Pennine associated rural parts of its own water For example, England's Site with the Moors SPA with promoting the County it is supply. Government report for the potential the area for considered Dewatering, guidance now North Peninines effects of tourism necessary to if required by requires Local AONB (2009) climate purposes and take a minerals Plans to identify which outline change on the haulage precautionary working suitable areas for the results of a distribution associated approach to could also wind turbines in three year and range of with minerals this matter. give rise to particular. monitoring species. working. adverse research West Durham effects. programme to Roads in West is a rural and monitor and Durham within relatively obtain 200 metres of remote area of information on the North County the Public use Pennine Moors Durham and in of Open Access SAC and SPA some land concludes include: circumstances that most there is no visitors appear public sewer to adhere to -The B6277 Public Rights of between system to connect to. In Way and dogs Ettersgill and are kept under Harwood such circumstances control. The alternative implementation -Unclassified means of of actions road between disposing of outlined within Newbiggin and wastewater the North Daddry Shield are required, Pennines such as cess AONB Management There are also pits and septic Plan regarding potential for tanks. Whilst management of adverse effects individually popular walking if polluting such methods routes and development of disposal promotion of types that are may pose little existing visitor likely to require risk to surface codes of an air quality or practice should assessment groundwater also help to are allocated quality, the limit levels of within the Plan cumulative damage and in locations impact of lots disturbance, which could of such albeit it is further schemes could recognised that increase be detrimental specific actions deposition to to the SAC targeting the the SAC and and SPA in the practices of SPA. long term. canoeists may be required. Furthermore, The potential dust emissions impact of In addition to from minerals minerals the above, it is development working on envisaged that may need to surface and the Plan will be taken into groundwater only allocate account as quality as low levels of part of the supported by housing growth screening the Plan will within rural assessment. also need to be taken into Teesdale / account as Weardale and part of the will not allocate screening specific tourism process. developments in the North Pennine Moors Area. Therefore

66 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

the Plan is unlikely to significantly impact the North Pennine Moors SAC or SPA via this impact pathway. However, the potential for in-combination effects will be considered and if following consultation, significant allocations are identified within West Durham this position will be reviewed.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.7.11 The following impact pathways will be taken into account throughout the screening of the plan in respect of Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC (and North Pennine Moors SPA):

Air Quality; Water Quality; Hydrology; Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation (via land take, recreational pressure and invasive species); and Species Disturbance

Question 17

Have we correctly identified the various ways in which the Local Plan may affect Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and do you agree with the choice of impact pathways that we will consider throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.8 North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC

3.2.8.1 The North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC was proposed as a SAC in June 1995 and designated in April 2005. The SAC comprises a total area of approximately 497 hectares. Individual designated sites are located across the administrative boundaries of

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 67 3 Evidence Gathering

Cumbria, Durham, North Yorkshire, Northumberland and Lancashire. Approximately, 139 hectares of the designation (27.89%) is within County Durham's boundary and is comprised of ten individual sites across the former district areas of Teesdale and Weardale. The sites are located as follows:

Lanehead - Weardale Burnhope Reservoir - Weardale Snowhope Moor - Weardale Bowlees (two sites) - Teesdale Dent Bank - Teesdale Grassholme Reservoir - Teesdale Hury Reservoir - Teesdale Blackton Reservoir - Teesdale Grains O' th' Beck - Teesdale

3.2.8.2 The series of isolated fields that comprise this SAC encompass the range of variation exhibited by Mountain hay meadows in the UK and contains the major part of the remaining UK resources of this habitats type. The grasslands included within the SAC exhibit very limited effects of agricultural improvement and show good conservation of structure and function. A wide range of rare and local meadow species are contained within the meadows.

Qualifying Features

Table 25 Qualifying Features North Pennine Moors SAC

Annex I habitats that are a primary reason for site Annex I habitats present as a qualifying selection feature but not a primary reason for site selection

Mountain hay meadows Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-slit laden soils (Molinion caeruleae); Purple moor-grass meadows

Conservation Objectives

3.2.8.3 With regard to the SAC and the natural habitats and/or species for which the site has been designated and subject to natural change;

3.2.8.4 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats, and The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species rely

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Condition Assessment

3.2.8.5 The North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC within County Durham's boundary comprises nine component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 79% of the component SSSI's combined were classified as 'area favourable,' 19% were classified as 'unfavourable recovering,' and 1.6% were classified as 'unfavourable no change.' The favourable condition status of the site has improved marginally (by 2%) between the condition assessments of 2013 and 2015.

3.2.8.6 However, from examination of the UK Air Pollution Information System datasets (xvi) it is evident that critical ranges for air pollutants and sensitive qualifying species have

been exceeded. The main sources of NO2 and SO2 forecast to 2020 are Livestock production: UK (all sources including IPPC installations) (41%) and Imported emissions (e.g. Emissions from Europe, Ireland and other countries (43.9%) respectively.

Table 26 Air Pollutants Affecting North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC (red shading indicates exceedence of thresholds, amber shading indicates pollutants that are close to exceeding critical thresholds)

Qualifying Nitrogen N Dep Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Feature Deposition Critical Load Impacts (Nitrogen / Sulphur Critical Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) Ranges keq/ha/yr Load Ranges

Min Av Max Min Av Max

Mountain Hay 14 24.7 35.4 N Ranges Increase in NO2 1 1.76 2.53 A Ranges Leaching will Meadows 10-20kg. This nitrophilious cause a Review uses graminoids, Min: 0.856- decrease in 10 changes in soil base diversity. 5.856N/4S saturation, increasing SO 0.21 0.41 0.63 2 the availability of Al3+ ions; mobilisation of Al3+ may cause toxicity to plants and mycorrhiza; may have direct effect on lower plants (bryophytes and lichens).

Molinia 14 24.7 35.4 N Ranges As above NO2 1 1.76 2.53 A Ranges As above meadows on 15-25kg. This calcareous, Review uses SO2 0.21 0.41 0.63 Min:0.223- peaty or 15 clayes-silt-laden 0.666N/0.365S soils Max:0.581-

4.443N/4.22S

xvi APIS

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Qualifying Nitrogen N Dep Exceedence Acid Deposition A Dep Exceedence Feature Deposition Critical Load Impacts (Nitrogen / Sulphur Critical Impacts (kgN/ha/yr) Ranges keq/ha/yr Load Ranges

This Review uses Min ranges

3.2.8.7 Despite the potential and reported effects of air pollution on species diversity, The North Pennines AONB Management Plan 2014-19 reports the following:

There is a greater area of species rich grasslands, including our nationally important hay meadows, than there was in 2010. Many small species-rich fields, which would have been lost without a tightening of regulations governing their ploughing and re-seeding have survived and are thriving. The AONB Partnership's Hay Time project made a huge contribution to the conservation and enhancement of this special habitat, spreading green hay on an area almost double the original resource.

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.8.8 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the SAC outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Fertilisation Modification of cultivation practices Air pollution, air-borne pollutants Mowing / cutting of grass

3.2.8.9 Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for the North Pennines Dales Meadows SAC expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features as follows: (xvii)

Table 27 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Pressure Description

Fertiliser use Fertiliser use on certain areas, in particular upland hay meadows, is preventing achievement of favourable condition due to nutrient enrichment.

Change in land Underlying consents which allow inappropriate management of the SAC features management exist, in the form of Site Management Statements. Land managers could revert back to these instead of signing up to an agri-environment scheme. In addition the amalgamation of farm holdings is leading to undermanagement of some meadows. Management for hay is becoming less viable and productivity is reducing, due to lack of liming and farmyard manure input and a lack of soil testing, so pressures tend towards conversion to pasture. Change in land ownership in some areas may lead to a

xvii Available at: Site Improvement Plan: North Pennine Dales Meadows

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Threat / Pressure Description

change in management practices. On some parts of the site, stewardship is not in place to ensure appropriate management of the features.

Air Pollution: impact of Nitrogen deposition exceeds site relevant critical loads. This may be partially atmospheric nitrogen due to local fertiliser use. In some areas the effects are apparent, where there deposition is a loss of species richness.

Inappropriate cutting / The switch from production of hay to silage or haylage has reduced the mowing variability in cutting date. There is also a lack of appropriate equipment, skills and understanding to produce hay.

Changes in species Declines in the quality of habitats, through changing species composition and/or distribution diversity, are being observed throughout the SAC. Altered drainage may be influencing the cut area. This is likely to have been happening ever since notification. Baseline data (from notification) and recent monitoring is not detecting further loss of quality.

Inappropriate Shut up dates are too late for the conservation management of the features in CSS/ESA prescription some cases. Some shut up dates (the date at which stock are excluded from the meadow) have been determined due to conflicts with SSSI management on alternative grazing land. There is also inflexibility in shutting up dates and timing of grazing, which means that these cannot be adapted to react to local conditions or the effects of climate change.

Drainage Lack of maintenance, failure and deterioration of drainage systems is causing a dominance of rushes, change in the plant community, waterlogging and consequent problems for management.

Overgrazing Changes in spring grazing are being observed such as late field closure and higher stock levels on the inbye land. These changes may be related to controls of grazing on moorland and a tendency for increases in lambing percentage.

Undergrazing Lack of aftermath grazing, loss of cattle on farm holdings reducing disturbance, and leading to a change in the sward. In some cases this is because the land is not managed as a farm business. There is also a localised issue of erratic sheep grazing management by a licensee.

Hydrological changes Meadows are becoming wetter due to milder winters and wet summers, this may also be leading to an earlier start to the growing season having a negative impact on boreal species changes such as wood cranesbill. Soil compaction due to heavy machinery and stock is also causing hydrological changes.

Inappropriate weed There is the risk of use of herbicides to control 'undesirable' broad-leaved herbs control such as buttercup and pernicious weeds, particularly around the edges of meadows. This can lead to a decline in quality.

Invasive species Cow parsley is becoming an invasive species. The cause may be linked to changes in hay meadow management, including a reduction in spring/aftermath grazing intensity and possibly atmospheric nitrogen deposition. There is also a problem with blackthorn invasion in one locality.

Direct impact from Localised nutrient enrichment impact from a leaking septic tank is causing third party damage to the feature. Former dumping in another location has also led to loss of interest.

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 71 3 Evidence Gathering

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.8.10 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

No reduction in area and any consequent fragmentation Appropriate management (grasslands are dependent upon traditional agricultural management, with hay cutting) No exposure to inorganic fertilisers and pesticides Limited air pollution

Question 18

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 28 Potential effects of the Plan: North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

Whilst the Local Plan is The North Pennine Dales The North Whilst Whilst the New Whilst This An increase unlikely to lead to a Meadows SAC is Pennine Dales considered Plan could development invasive issue is in significant proportion of vulnerable to nutrient Meadows SAC highly contribute to in the area species as a not disturbance new development and enrichment which may is designated for unlikely, the increasing supported by result of relevant is not associated traffic growth predominantly arise as a its Molinia impact of populations the Plan is not inappropriate to the considered to in rural West Durham a result of agricultural meadows the Plan on and visitor considered planting linked SAC as be a potential precautionary approach to activities and run off from belonging to the land take levels to likely to have to new it is not a impact this impact pathway will be surrounding fields and wet meadow will be upper any effect on development coastal pathway to taken particularly due to tributaries. Whilst the community and considered. Teesdale and predation and habitat the SAC due potential in-combination Local Plan is unlikely to may potentially Weardale, levels and the inappropriate to the nature effects associated with significantly increase run be affected by recreational effects of over garden waste of the SAC in promoting the area for off or sewage flooding changes in pressure is or disposal may respect of its tourism purposes and due to assumed low water supply not cited as a undergrazing have the qualifying haulage associated with levels of housing and particular on qualifying potential to features. minerals working. development in the most waterlogging as threat or features. affect the rural parts of the County mentioned. pressure to structure and it is considered Development this SAC function of Roads in West Durham necessary to take a supported in the qualifying within 200 metres of the precautionary approach Plan that either habitat of the North Pennine Moors SAC to this matter. reduces water SAC, effects and SPA include: supply (e.g. are Housing considered to West Durham is a rural The B6276 development be extremely and relatively remote requiring its own unlikely given between area of County Durham Nettlepot and water supply, the and in some dewatering remoteness of Grains O' th' circumstances there is Beck activities for the SAC sites no public sewer system some minerals from existing The B6277 to connect to. In such operations) or settlements. between Dent circumstances increases water Bank and alternative means of supply through Langdon Beck disposing of wastewater for example The A689 are required, such as affecting existing between cess pits and septic drainage could Cowshill and tanks. Whilst individually adversely affect Lanehead such methods of the SAC. The B6295 disposal may pose little between

72 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

Cowshill and risk, the cumulative Allenheads impact of lots of such Unclassified schemes could be road to Holwick detrimental to the SAC in Unclassified the long term. road between Hury and Balder The potential impact of Head minerals working on water quality may also There are also potential need to be taken into for adverse effects if account as part of the polluting development screening process. types that are likely to require an air quality assessment are allocated within the Plan in locations which could further increase deposition to the SAC and SPA.

Furthermore, dust emissions from minerals development may need to be taken into account as part of the screening assessment.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.8.11 The following impact pathways will be taken into account throughout the screening of the plan in respect of Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC (and North Pennine Moors SPA):

Air Quality; Water Quality; Hydrology; and Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation (via land take);

Question 19

Have we correctly identified the various ways in which the Local Plan may affect the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC and do you agree with the choice of impact pathways that we will consider throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.9 Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC

3.2.9.1 The Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC was designated in April 2005 covering an area of 36.84ha in Northumberland. The site encompasses the most extensive, structurally varied and species-rich examples of riverine Calaminarian grasslands in the UK. The river gravels contain a range of structural types, ranging from a highly toxic,

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 73 3 Evidence Gathering

sparsely vegetated area with abundant lichens through to closed willow/alder Salix/Alnus woodland. In addition, the site is of considerable functional interest for the series of fossilised river channel features. Spring sandwort Minuartia verna and thrift Armeria maritima are particularly abundant, and there are several rare species, including Young’s helleborine Epipactis youngiana, which has its main UK population at this site. The site is also of great importance for its lichen communities. A number of rare and scarce species are present, including the Red Data Book-listed Peltigera venosa.

Qualifying Features

Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae; Grasslands on soils rich in heavy metals

Conservation Objectives

3.2.9.2 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats, and The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats rely

Condition Assessment

3.2.9.3 The Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC comprises four component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, only 0.7% of the component SSSI's combined were classified as 'area favourable,' with 99.3% being classified as 'unfavourable declining.' Some of the reasons recorded for a declining condition include:

Heavy metal loads within the river system are much reduced, therefore deposition of metals onto the site is lower The growth of mature trees over the shingle area is reducing water flow in flood events causing the deposition and build up of sediment over the habitat Spread of Himalayn Balsam

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.9.4 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the SAC outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Invasive non-native species Air pollution, air-borne pollutant Biocenotic evolution, succession Unknown threat or pressure

74 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

3.2.9.5 Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for the Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features as follows: (xviii)

Table 29 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Pressure Description

Change to site Sustaining the calaminarian grassland interest feature requires continuing metal conditions toxicity and open ground. The tendency is for metal pollutant levels to decline naturally over time unless there is periodic replenishment of mine spoil metals, for example by flooding. This has been happening in the Tyne since the cessation of mining in the upper reach. Without replenishment a more enriched grassland type will result, usually at the expense of the original calaminarian grassland species. The Environment Agency (EA) are seeking to reduce pollution levels further to meet Water Framework Directive objectives for water quality. Any such work, including restoration of mine sites, to reduce metal pollutants entering the Tyne would exacerbate the reduction in metal levels, leading to a faster change in habitat type.

Invasive Species There is a serious problem with invasive non-native plant species on the South Tyne, which colonise sites faster than native scrub. Encroachment by Himalayan balsam and Japanese knotweed is detrimental to calaminarian grassland habitat.

Inappropriate scrub The reduced levels of pollution are leading to an increase in scrub and invasive control species on the sites. Flood events no longer 'top up' the sites with polluted silt that can control the build up of scrub.

Air pollution: nitrogen Nitrogen deposition exceeds site relevant critical loads. The precise impacts are deposition unclear and require further investigation. One specific area of concern is that it may be increasing grass-dominance at the expense of the less competitive plants.

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.9.6 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

Continuing metal toxicity Open ground Appropriate management of scrub and invasive species Limited air pollution

Question 20

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of the Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

xviii Available at: Site Improvement Plan: Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 75 3 Evidence Gathering

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 30 Potential effects of the Plan: Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Hydrology Species Quality Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation / Urbanisation / Coastal Pressure Increased Predation Invasive squeeze Species

Tyne and Allen River The River The River The Plan will Recreational An increase in Whilst invasive This An increase Gravels SAC is located West Allen West Allen not result in pressure is not urbanisation/predation species as a issue is in approximately 12km upon which upon which Land Take as cited as a as a result of the Plan result of not disturbance north west of County the SAC is the SAC is the SAC falls threat or is not considered to be inappropriate relevant is not Durham's boundary at its located does located does outside of the pressure for a potential impact planting linked to to the considered to nearest point and within not arise not arise County's this SAC and it pathway to the SAC new SAC as be a potential 200 metres of a within County within County administrative is considered due to the location and development and it is not a impact non-major road that Durham and Durham and boundary. highly unlikely nature of the SAC in inappropriate coastal pathway to connects to the A686 to therefore any therefore that new respect of its qualifying garden waste habitat the SAC due the north and A689 to the impacts to hydrological development in features disposal may to the nature south. water quality impacts are County Durham have the of the SAC in and knock on highly and in west potential to affect respect of its effects to the unlikely as a Durham in the structure and qualifying The closest settlements SAC are result of new particular would function of features. within County Durham's highly development significantly qualifying habitat boundary to these roads unlikely as a supported by increase visitor of the SAC, include small villages and result of new the Plan. levels to the effects are hamlets in Upper development site. There is considered to be Weardale (e.g. supported by uncertainty extremely Lanehead, Cowshill). Due the Plan. regarding unlikely given the to the relatively remote, whether the remoteness of rural nature of these site is publicly the SAC from settlements it is highly accessible. existing unlikely that the Plan will settlements either allocate within County development in this part Durham. of the County which will significantly increase traffic levels on these roads and emissions to air. Dust emissions to air from minerals working is also unlikely to effect the site owing to distances and the prevailing wind direction.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.9.7 The Plan is highly unlikely to impact upon the SAC via the potentially relevant impact pathways of air quality, water quality, hydrology or invasive species. Therefore, the SAC does not need to be included within the screening assessment.

Question 21

Do you agree that the Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC does not need to be considered throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.10 Ox Close SAC

3.2.10.1 Ox Close SAC was designated in April 2005 covering an area of 141.25ha in North Yorkshire. Ox Close and the streams which drain it, particularly the Eller Beck, comprise a site outstanding for its assemblage of plants indicative of metal-rich soils

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(metallophytes). It is unusual in that it encompasses the three main situations in which metallophytes occur in the UK, including near-natural forms on cliffs and scars, old spoil-heaps from past lead-mining, and metal-enriched river alluvium associated with the Eller Beck. The plant species concerned are thrift Armeria maritima, moonwort Botrychium lunaria, Pyrenean scurvygrass Cochlearia pyrenaica, spring sandwort Minuartia verna (known locally as leadwort) and alpine penny-cress Thlaspi caerulescens. All these species are able to tolerate the high levels of lead and zinc in the soil, and thus are characteristic of such ‘metalliferous’ plant communities.

Qualifying Features

Table 31 Qualifying Features Ox Close SAC

Annex I habitats that are a primary reason for site Annex I habitats present as a qualifying selection feature but not a primary reason for site selection

Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae; Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland Grasslands on soils rich in heavy metals facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)

Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines

Conservation Objectives

3.2.10.2 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of the qualifying natural habitats The structure and function (including typical species) of the qualifying natural habitats, and, The supporting processes on which the qualifying natural habitats rely

Condition Assessment

3.2.10.3 Ox Close SAC comprises one component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 54.18% of the component SSSI was classified as 'area favourable,' with 87.85% being classified as 'unfavourable recovering.' Some of the reasons recorded for a unfavourable but recovering condition include:

Management plan now in place to address the erosion of lead mining spoil Agreement in place to include appropriate grazing management and rabbit control

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.10.4 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the SAC outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

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Problematic native species Abiotic slow natural processes Forest and plantation management and use Human induced changes in hydraulic conditions Grazing

3.2.10.5 Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for Ox Close SAC expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features as follows: (xix)

Table 32 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Pressure Description

Overgrazing Previous surveys suggest that rabbit numbers on and in the vicinity of the SAC are too high to allow the SAC features to be restored/maintained. Other comments however suggest that a little burrowing into/scuffing of the spoil heaps by rabbits may be desirable and be having a positive effect... "it is likely that disturbance of the spoil by these animals is probably the only driver maintaining the habitat and keeping up lead levels against the forces of leaching and soil build-up." Rabbit control will need to play a fundamental role in future management on the site, however their inadvertent contribution to the maintenance of the calaminarian habitat i.e. scuffing of the material/keeping the sward open, should not be dismissed entirely.

Livestock grazing levels on some of the SAC appear to be on the high side (compared to the indicative carrying capacity for the types of habitat present), given the high rabbit numbers and lack of active management. Some of the reported overgrazing attributed to rabbits could also be due in part to higher than expected livestock numbers, particularly in the spring and summer months.

Hydrological changes Due to the failure of a dam above Disher Force, the lead mining remains/mine spoil at Disher Force Level are suffering serious damage through water erosion. The incremental loss of the spoil during times of peak flow has accelerated the loss of material and poses a significant risk to the associated calaminarian habitat. There are also implications for increasing sediment input as well as accelerating the chemical leaching into the Eller Beck watercourse. The outwash at Ballowfields will also be impacted to some degree. On one hand any erosion downstream of the eroding spoil is not necessarily all bad for the Calaminarian habitat (without exposure of relatively fresh contaminated soils the vegetation here will quickly develop into more typical calcareous, neutral grassland and even riparian trees/woodland), however increased flow velocity could also accelerate the removal of the contaminated material that the metaliferous plants rely on.

Deer Deer are present but impacts are currently unknown. Deer browsing has only been mentioned in one of the more recent monitoring surveys. Their presence will have some effect on the woodland understory and further investigation is necessary to assess how much is due to deer browsing.

xix Available at: Site Improvement Plan: Ox Close SAC

78 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Threat / Pressure Description

Forestry and There is no active management within the woodland. As the majority of the woodland wood at Ox Close SAC comprises old and currently abandoned hazel coppice management with very little/sparse canopy cover, a lack of management could result in the neglected stools developing substantial stems and becoming unstable. Such stools are likely to have significantly shorter lifespans compared with those in a managed wood.

Natural changes to The majority of the calaminarian grassland feature is present on lead mine spoil. site conditions No active mining will mean that lead and zinc will be lost from the spoil through natural processes, which in turn will reduce the toxicity of the spoil that the metaliferous plants rely on.

Disease Ash dieback Chalara fraxinea has the potential to cause significant damage to the SAC's very limited ash population. Ash only occurs at a low frequency within the woodland and any outbreak in the locality could rapidly impact the ash standards present. The majority of the wood comprises hazel coppice.

Air Nitrogen critical loads are exceeded for all of the SAC features at Ox Close. All pollution:atmospheric habitats are sensitive to nitrogen and critical loads are exceeded for all three nitrogen deposition interest features, however the woodland is currently assessed as Favourable. An increase in nitrogen could lead to a change in community composition, a decline in diversity, increased mineralization, N leaching and surface acidification.

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.10.6 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

Continuing metal toxicity and limited spoil erosion Control of gazing levels Appropriate woodland management Appropriate management of problematic native species Limited air pollution

Question 22

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of Ox Close SAC and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 79 3 Evidence Gathering

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 33 Potential effects of the Plan: Ox Close SAC

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation / Coastal Pressure / Increased Invasive Species squeeze Predation

Tyne and Allen River As As The Plan will Recreational New Whilst invasive This An increase Gravels SAC is located development development not result in pressure is not development species as a result issue is in approximately 16km south of within County within County Land Take as cited as a in County of inappropriate not disturbance County Durham's boundary Durham would Durham would the SAC falls threat or Durham as planting linked to relevant is not at its nearest point and is not take place in take place in outside of the pressure for supported by new development to the considered to on a road likely to be different river different river County's this SAC and it the Plan is not and inappropriate SAC as be a potential significantly affected by catchments to catchments to administrative is considered considered garden waste it is not a impact traffic generation from new that of the that of the boundary. highly unlikely likely to have disposal may have coastal pathway to development in County Swale, Ure, Swale, Ure, that new any effect on the potential to habitat the SAC due Durham. The A684 is the Nidd and Nidd and development in predation affect the structure to the nature only strategic road that Upper Ouse Upper Ouse County Durham levels and the and function of of the SAC in passes the SAC and is over catchment catchment and in west effects of qualifying habitat of respect of its 200 metres from the site - which Ox which Ox Durham in overgrazing the SAC, effects qualifying the accepted distance from Close SAC Close SAC particular would on qualifying are considered to features. which the contribution of belongs any belongs any significantly features. be extremely vehicle emissions from the adverse adverse increase visitor unlikely given the roadside to local pollution impact via this impact via this levels to the remoteness of the levels are not considered to impact impact site. SAC from existing be significant. pathway is pathway is settlements within highly unlikely. highly unlikely. County Durham. In terms of particulate matter from minerals working or air pollution from other sources the distance of Ox Close SAC from the County boundary (16km) and its location in relation to the prevailing wind direction means that any air quality impacts are highly unlikely.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.10.7 The Plan is highly unlikely to impact upon the SAC via the potentially relevant impact pathways of air quality, water quality, hydrology or invasive species. Therefore, the SAC does not need to be included within the screening assessment.

Question 23

Do you agree that Ox Close SAC does not need to be considered throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.11 Helbeck and Swindale Woods SAC

3.2.11.1 Helbeck and Swindale Woods SAC was designated in April 2005 covering an area of 136.38ha in Cumbria. Mixed woodlands have developed here over limestone, with crags, blocks and fine scree showing through in parts. In the Swindale section there is a steep-sided gorge with cliffs up to 30m high. The wood is predominantly ash Fraxinus excelsior with some elm Ulmus sp. and has a rich ground flora, including the helleborines

80 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Cephalanthera longifolia, Epipactis atrorubens and E. helleborine, and wood barley Hordelymus europaeus. The site is considered to be one of the best areas in the UK for Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines.

Qualifying Features

Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines

Conservation Objectives

3.2.11.2 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats, and, The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats rely

Condition Assessment

3.2.11.3 Helbeck and Swindale Woods SAC comprise two component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 27% of the component SSSI's combined was classified as 'area favourable,' 23% 'unfavourable, recovering', and 50% 'no change'. Some of the reasons recorded for a unfavourable but recovering condition include:

Abundant regeneration of sycamore Non-management of rhododendron Frequent browsing of basal regrowth

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.11.4 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the SAC outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Interspecific floral relations Air pollution, air-borne pollutants Forest and plantation management and use

3.2.11.5 Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for Helbeck and Swindale Woods SAC expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features as follows: (xx)

Table 34 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Pressure Description

Forestry and woodland Glades and other open areas add structural diversity to the woodlands and management provide important habitat for associated species. However these require

xx Available at: Site Improvement Plan: Helbeck and Swindale Woods

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 81 3 Evidence Gathering

Threat / Pressure Description

management if they are to be maintained. Some areas, particularly within Helbeck Woods have very dense even-age stands, which require some management, particularly to support lichen populations. Sycamore, a non-native species, is present at undesirable levels in some parts of the wood. The aim is to control and reduce its extent.

Disease Ash dieback disease is caused by the fungus Chalara fraxinea. Whilst the disease has only recently arrived in the UK and its impact is not fully understood it has the potential to kill large numbers of ash trees at this site if it were to arrive. As ash is one of characteristic components of the tree canopy its loss could alter the structure and composition of the woodland types present.

Air pollution: Nitrogen deposition exceeds site relevant critical loads. The precise impacts atmospheric nitrogen are unclear and require further investigation. deposition

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.11.6 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

Appropriate woodland management Appropriate management of problematic native species Limited air pollution

Question 24

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of Helbeck and Swindale Woods SAC and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 35 Potential effects of the Plan: Helbeck and Swindale Woods SAC

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation / Coastal Pressure / Increased Invasive squeeze Predation Species

The Plan could potentially The site is not Comments The Plan will Recreational New Whilst invasive This An increase impact upon the air quality cited as being as for not result in pressure is not development species as a issue is in of Helbeck and Swindale particularly water Land Take as cited as a threat or in County result of not disturbance Woods SAC through vulnerable to quality the SAC falls pressure for this Durham as inappropriate relevant is not increased traffic as a result changes to water outside of the SAC and it is supported by planting linked to to the considered to of all new development quality or County's considered highly the Plan is not new development SAC as be a potential (including tourism hydrology. administrative unlikely that new considered and inappropriate it is not a impact promotion) within the However, as for boundary. development in likely to have garden waste coastal pathway to County and by minerals all flora, water County Durham any effect on disposal may habitat the SAC due working (increased quality and supply and in rural west predation have the potential to the nature

82 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation / Coastal Pressure / Increased Invasive squeeze Predation Species

particulate matter). is important to Durham in levels such as to affect the of the SAC in However, significant impact maintain good particular would by deer on structure and respect of its as a result of an increase to overall health. significantly qualifying function of qualifying traffic levels are highly Development increase visitor features. qualifying habitat features. unlikely as the SAC is over within County levels to the site. of the SAC, 600 metres from its nearest Durham will take Parts of the site effects are road - the A66, 200 metres place in different are also unlikely to considered to be is the accepted distance river catchments be easily extremely unlikely from which the contribution to the Eden and accessible. The given the of vehicle emissions from Esk catchment Swindale section remoteness of the roadside to local which the SAC of the site the SAC from pollution levels are belongs so any encompasses a existing considered to be significant. adverse impact steep sided gorge settlements within The distance of Helbeck on water quality with cliffs up to 30 County Durham. and Swindale Woods SAC or hydrology is metres high. from the County boundary deemed highly (5km) and its location in unlikely. relation to the prevailing wind direction means that any air quality impacts from minerals development or other potentially air polluting development types is also highly unlikely.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.11.7 The Plan is highly unlikely to impact upon the SAC via the potentially relevant impact pathways of air quality, water quality, hydrology or invasive species. Therefore, the SAC does not need to be included within the screening assessment.

Question 25

Do you agree that Helbeck and Swindale Woods SAC does not need to be considered throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.12 Asby Complex SAC

3.2.12.1 Asby Complex SAC was designated in April 2005 covering an area of 3,122 ha in Cumbria. The SAC contains extensive examples of calcareous grassland in a mosaic with a wide range of other habitats, including limestone pavements, fens, purple moor-grass Molinia caerulea meadows and dry heaths. A number of rare species are associated with these sub-montane semi-natural dry grasslands, including bird’s-foot sedge Carex ornithopoda and dwarf milkwort Polygala amarella. Purple moor-grass meadows occur in extensive pastures in association with fen and semi-natural dry grassland communities, as well as locally in hydroseral transitions on lake margins.

3.2.12.2 Sunbiggin Tarn and Moors is considered to be the most important location in Britain for hard-water springs depositing lime (tufa formation), owing to the extent of the habitat type and the degree of conservation of spring-head structures. Nearby, Crosby Gill has areas of tufa with transitions to calcium-rich fens and holds good populations of

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 83 3 Evidence Gathering

alpine bartsia Bartsia alpina. Large tufa mounds formed around spring-heads are frequent. There are transitions to a range of calcium-rich fens, calcareous grasslands and acid heath.

3.2.12.3 There are extensive calcium-rich flushes amidst moorland and grassland. An important example of hydroseral fen community occurs on the lake margins in the vicinity of Sunbiggin Tarn. There are also lake-side transitions to reedswamp vegetation. Sunbiggin Tarn also supports a large population of Geyer’s whorl snail.

Qualifying Features

Table 36 Qualifying Features Asby Complex SAC

Annex I habitats that are a primary Annex I habitats present as a Annex II species reason for site selection qualifying feature but not a present that are a primary reason for site primary reason for selection selection of this site

Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters Geyer`s whorl snail facies on calcareous substrates with benthic vegetation of Chara (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid spp. sites)

Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or European dry heaths Slender green clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae) feather-moss

Petrifying springs with tufa formation Calcareous fens with Cladium (Cratoneurion) mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae Alkaline fens

Limestone pavements

Conservation Objectives

3.2.12.4 With regard to the SAC and the natural habitats and/or species for which the site has been designated and subject to natural change;

3.2.12.5 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats The structure and function of the habitats of qualifying species The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species rely The populations of qualifying species, and, The distribution of qualifying species within the site.

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Condition Assessment

3.2.12.6 Asby Complex SAC comprises six component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 21% of the component SSSI's combined were classified as 'area favourable,' 72.5% 'unfavourable, recovering', 4% 'no change' and 2.5% 'declining'. Some of the reasons recorded for a unfavourable or declining condition include:

Issues with sward structure and negative indicator species in the calcareous grassland Fire damage Rank grassland Elevated phosphorus levels Overgrazing

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.12.7 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the SAC outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Problematic native species Livestock farming and animal breeding (without grazing) Human induced changes in hydraulic conditions Pollution to groundwater Modification of cultivation practices

3.2.12.8 Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for Asby Complex SAC expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features as follows: (xxi)

Table 37 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Pressure Description

Change in land The Asby Complex is a series of upland habitats, most of which are common management land where the primary management is sheep grazing. Recent levels of sheep grazing are not conducive to achieving favourable condition on the mosaic of heathland and limestone grassland and much of the land is now managed under HLS to introduce cattle grazing. However, there are areas where this beneficial management has not been secured and, whilst they may be managed sensitively at present, any change in land management may have a detrimental effect on the SAC features. The beneficial changes in management achieved through HLS has often had a reliance on fencing, which if removed, would lead to a decline in SAC features. As much of the land is common land, secretary of state approval is required for most fencing proposals.

Hydrological changes There are numerous abstractions from both domestic and commercial sources including a large quarry within the Asby Complex. The effect of all these individual changes to the local water table is poorly understood and the in combination effects, less so. Changes in hydrology can have a direct impact

xxi Available at: Site Improvement Plan: Asby Complex SAC

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Threat / Pressure Description

on the interest features for which the SAC is notified, specifically the alkaline flushes.

Inappropriate stock Foddering of sheep on the fell in winter is regularly carried out where land is feeding not under agreement. This leads to localised suppression of heathland vegetation.

Water pollution A large gull colony, no longer present on site have left a historic legacy of enrichment in the Tarn. There are likely to be additional inputs from diffuse sources but complex hydrology make it difficult to pinpoint the source.

Invasive species Introduction or spreading of non native species such as Crassula helmsii would significantly impact the integrity of the Tarn.

Fish stocking Inappropriate fish stocking would be detrimental to the the interest features of the tarn if it takes place.

Air Pollution: impact of Nitrogen deposition exceeds site relevant critical loads. atmospheric nitrogen deposition

Public access / The area is within the proposed extension area of the Yorkshire Dales National disturbance Park. The raising of the profile of this area could lead to increased disturbance and damage to sensitive features.

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.12.9 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

No change to hydrological conditions or enrichment of Tarns Appropriate management of grazing Appropriate management of problematic native and non native species Low cover of bracken, trees and scrub for heathland and grassland features Limestone pavements should have little or no damange Limited air pollution Low level of physical disturbance pressure

Question 26

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of Asby Complex SAC and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

86 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Evidence Gathering 3

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 38 Potential effects of the Plan: Asby Complex SAC

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation / Coastal Pressure / Increased Invasive Species squeeze Predation

Significant impact as a result The fens and Comments The Plan will It is considered New Whilst invasive This An increase of an increase to traffic springs that as for not result in highly unlikely development species as a result issue is in levels and associated exist within the water Land Take as that new in County of inappropriate not disturbance emissions are highly unlikely site could be quality the SAC falls development in Durham as planting linked to relevant is not as the SAC is on a minor affected by outside of the County Durham supported by new development to the considered to road unlikely to be changes to County's and in rural west the Plan is not and inappropriate SAC as be a potential significantly impacted by water quality administrative Durham in considered garden waste it is not a impact traffic generation associated and hydrology. boundary. particular (as the likely to have disposal may have coastal pathway to with the County Durham However, as nearest location any effect on the potential to habitat the SAC due Plan. The A685 which is the development of settlements to predation affect the structure to the nature only strategic road near to wihtin County the SAC)would levels such as and function of of the SAC in the SAC is over 900 metres Durham would significantly by sheep on qualifying habitat of respect of its from the site. 200 metres is take place in increase visitor qualifying the SAC, effects qualifying the accepted distance from different river levels to the site features. are considered to features. which the contribution of catchments to on a regular basis be extremely vehicle emissions from the that of the Eden due to overall unlikely given the roadside to local pollution and Esk which distance from the remoteness of the levels are considered to be the SAC site and likely low SAC from existing significant. The distance of belongs any levels of settlements within Asby Complex Sac from the adverse impact development in County Durham. County boundary (18km) is highly west Durham. and its location in relation to unlikely. prevailing wind direction means that any air quality impacts from min earls development or other potentially air polluting development types located within the County is also highly unlikely.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.12.10 The Plan is highly unlikely to impact upon the SAC via the potentially relevant impact pathways of air quality, water quality, hydrology, recreational pressure or invasive species. Therefore, the SAC does not need to be included within the screening assessment.

Question 27

Do you agree that Asby Complex SAC does not need to be considered throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.13 Tyne and Nent SAC

3.2.13.1 Tyne and Nent SAC was designated in April 2005 covering an area of 36.84 ha in Cumbria. At this site, an assemblage of plants indicative of metal-rich soils (metallophytes) occurs in association with lead mine waste and river shingles of the rivers South Tyne and Nent. This site supports a rich metallophyte flora with substantial populations of six species of higher plant metallophytes: thrift Armeria maritima, moonwort Botrychium lunaria, Pyrenean scurvygrass Cochlearia pyrenaica, spring sandwort Minuartia verna, alpine penny-cress Thlaspi caerulescens and mountain pansy Viola lutea. The site

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is also of great importance for its lichen communities associated with both spoil and river shingle. A number of rare and scarce species are present, including Peltigera venosa, P. neckeri and Sarcosagium campestre var. macrosporum. The site shows the full succession from open sparsely vegetated shingle and spoil to closed turf. Transitions from metallophyte communities to both calcareous grassland and dry heath also occur.

Qualifying Features

Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae. (Grasslands on soils rich in heavy metals)

Conservation Objectives

3.2.13.2 With regard to the SAC and the natural habitats and/or species for which the site has been designated and subject to natural change;

3.2.13.3 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of the qualifying natural habitats The structure and function (including typical species) of the qualifying natural habitats, and, The supporting processes on which the qualifying natural habitats rely

Condition Assessment

3.2.13.4 Tyne and Nent SAC comprises four component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 52.5% of the component SSSI's combined were classified as 'area favourable,' 29.5% 'unfavourable, recovering' and 18% 'no change'. No reasons were recorded for unfavourable recovering or no change status.

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.13.5 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the SAC outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Other human intrusions and disturbances Unknown threat or pressure Air pollution, air borne pollutants Biocenotic evolution, succession Abiotic (slow) natural processes

3.2.13.6 Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for Tyne and Nent SAC expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features as follows: (xxii)

xxii Available at: Site Improvement Plan: Tyne and Nent SAC

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Table 39 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Pressure Description

Change to site Sustaining the calaminarian grassland interest feature requires continuing conditions metal toxicity and open ground. The tendency is for metal pollutant levels to decline naturally over time unless there is periodic replenishment of mine spoil metals, for example by flooding. Without replenishment a more enriched grassland type will result, usually at the expense of the original calaminarian grassland species. Restoration of mine sites eg Nenthead, to reduce metal pollutants entering the Nent would exacerbate the reduction in metal levels, leading to a faster change in habitat type.

Inappropriate scrub Increases in scrub or woodland cover are detrimental to the calaminarian control grassland interest feature through loss of open ground. Much of the calaminarian grassland interest feature has already been lost in part of the SAC and woodland planting or natural regeneration may impact still further. The key aim is to maintain open ground and continue to allow the river to flood, thereby enabling the release of metals through bankside scouring.

Natural changes to site Gradual loss of pollutant 'strength' may impact the grassland as other species conditions can tolerate less toxic conditions. In time, Calaminarian grassland may be replaced by a more mesotrophic type.

Direct impact from a third There is a threat of scrap / waste material entering the site from a nearby party source. Vegetation loss will result if this obscures the interest feature.

Air pollution: risk of Nitrogen deposition exceeds the site-relevant critical load for ecosystem atmospheric nitrogen protection and hence there is a risk of harmful effects, but the sensitive deposition features are currently considered to be in favourable condition on the site. This requires further investigation.

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.13.7 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

No reduction in extent No reduction in deposition of metal rich waste No change to hydrological processes carrying metal rich waste Continuous management by seasonally adjusted grazing No fertiliser input Control of successive species Limited air pollution

Question 28

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of Tyne and Nent SAC and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 89 3 Evidence Gathering

Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 40 Potential effects of the Plan: Tyne and Nent SAC

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Quality Hydrology Species Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation / Coastal Pressure / Increased Invasive Species squeeze Predation

Significant impact as a As the SAC has Comments The Plan will It is considered New Whilst invasive This An increase result of an increase to been created in as for not result in highly unlikely development species as a result of issue is in traffic levels and part by the water Land Take as that new in County inappropriate planting not disturbance associated emissions erosion of metal quality the SAC falls development in Durham as linked to new relevant is not are highly unlikely as the rich spoil heaps outside of the County Durham supported by development and to the considered to SAC is over 200 metres upstream, County's and in rural west the Plan is not inappropriate garden SAC as be a potential from both the A688 and changes to administrative Durham in considered waste disposal may it is not a impact the B6277 which hydrology and boundary. particular (as the likely to have have the potential to coastal pathway to circumnavigate the site. potentially water nearest location any effect on affect the structure habitat the SAC due 200 metres is the quality could of settlements to predation and function of to the nature accepted distance from impact upon the the SAC)would levels such as qualifying habitat of of the SAC in which the contribution of calaminarian significantly by sheep / the SAC, effects are respect of its vehicle emissions from grassland increase visitor cattle on considered to be qualifying the roadside to local community. levels to the site qualifying extremely unlikely features. pollution levels are However, as on a regular features. given the remoteness considered to be development in basis due to of the SAC from significant. The distance County Durham overall distance existing settlements of the SAC from the would take place from the site and within County County boundary (8km) in different river likely low levels Durham. Invasive and its location in catchments to of development species are also not relation to the prevailing that of the SAC, in west Durham. cited as a wind direction means any adverse pressure/threat to the that any air quality impact is SAC unlike impacts from minerals considered highly successive species development or other unlikely which the Plan will potentially air polluting have no impact upon. development types located within the County is also highly unlikely.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.13.8 The Plan is highly unlikely to impact upon the SAC via the potentially relevant impact pathways of air quality, water quality, hydrology, recreational pressure or invasive species. Therefore, the SAC does not need to be included within the screening assessment.

Question 29

Do you agree that Tyne and Nent SAC does not need to be considered throughout the screening assessment?

3.2.14 River Eden SAC

3.2.14.1 River Eden SAC was designated in April 2005 covering an area of 2463.23 ha in Cumbria. The Eden is an outstanding floristically rich, river system on sandstone and hard limestone. The variations in the physical and chemical character of the Eden result in an unusual and exceptionally rich aquatic flora. Upstream from Appleby, it is typical of nutrient poor, rapid upland rivers, and bryophytes and algae are the main components. The middle reaches support an aquatic flora characteristic of sandstone and limestone rivers.

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3.2.14.2 Ullswater is a relatively deep lake with both oligotrophic (nutrient poor) and mesotrophic (moderate levels of nutrients) elements in its fauna and flora. The lake flows into the River Eamont, one of the major tributaries of the River Eden. The lake has an extremely rich aquatic flora, including eight species of Potamogeton. The nationally scarce six-stamened waterwort Elatine hexandra is also found in some of the bays. Ullswater supports one of the few populations of schelly Coregonus lavaretus in the UK.

3.2.14.3 The fish fauna of the River Eden includes Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, bullhead Cottus gobio, and sea Petromyzon marinus, river Lampetra fluviatilis and brook lampreys L. planeri. The high ecological value of the river system and the fact that the salmon are able to use most of the catchment (even above Ullswater) mean that the Eden is able to maintain a large population of salmon. Brook and river lampreys are supported widely within the catchment and a large and healthy population of sea lamprey is supported in the middle to lower regions of the river. The presence of extensive areas of gravel and generally good quality water provides good habitat for bullheads, which are widely distributed throughout the system. The tributaries, in particular those flowing over limestone, hold abundant numbers of bullhead.

3.2.14.4 The River Eden system is also important for otters Lutra lutra which favour areas of undisturbed riparian habitat and associated features. The headwaters comprise one of the most important remaining sites in Britain for the native white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes, a species characteristic of calcareous streams with high water quality.

Qualifying Features

Table 41 Qualifying Features River Eden SAC

Annex I habitats that are a primary reason for site Annex II habitats that are a primary selection reason for site selection

Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation White-clawed (or Atlantic stream) crayfish of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea

Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Sea lamprey Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation

Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior Brook lamprey (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) River lamprey

Atlantic salmon

Bullhead

Otter

Conservation Objectives

3.2.14.5 With regard to the SAC and the natural habitats and/or species for which the site has been designated and subject to natural change;

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3.2.14.6 Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring;

The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats The structure and function of the habitats of qualifying species The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species rely The populations of qualifying species, and, The distribution of qualifying species within the site.

Condition Assessment

3.2.14.7 River Eden SAC comprises one component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 52.2% of the SSSI's was classified as 'area favourable,' 34.78% 'unfavourable, recovering' and 14.% 'no change'. Notes on the condition of some of the units state that there are significant channel modifications that need addressing through the implementation of a River Restoration Strategy.

Reported Threats / Pressures

3.2.14.8 The updated Natura 2000 Standard Data form (December 2015) for the SAC outlines the following threats and pressures which are ranked as high:

Cultivation Human induced changes in hydraulic conditions Invasive non-native species Changes in biotic conditions Pollution to groundwater (point sources and diffuse sources)

3.2.14.9 Natural England's Site Improvement Plan for the River Eden SAC expands upon the issues identified as currently impacting or threatening the condition of the features as follows: (xxiii)

Table 42 Description of Threats / Pressures

Threat / Description Pressure

Water pollution Diffuse water pollution from agriculture (DWPA) is causing failure of water quality targets on specific tributaries. Catchment Sensitive Farming (CSF) and some Higher Level Stewardship (HLS) are targeted at these tributaries, but additional measures may be required including targeting the new agri-environment scheme (NELMS) at failing tributaries if this has suitable options and mechanisms for delivery.

xxiii Available at: Site Improvement Plan: River Eden SAC

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Threat / Description Pressure

2. There is a water quality threat for Ullswater which is hovering on passing/failing its phosphate targets. Source apportionment modelling attributes the impacts to tourism infrastructure, such as public toilets and campsites. Water quality failures in Dacre Beck are due to a large, non-consented caravan site. The Environment Agency are intending to look into regulating the development.

Agricultural 1. Higher Level Stewardship was not a successful mechanism for managing riparian management strips in intensive farmland, therefore a better mechanism to improve management practices is required where these are impacting the interest features of the SAC. This issue also needs cross-referencing with the areas of physical modification.

2.Where there is favourable management occurring, particularly under an Environmental Stewardship (ES) scheme, this needs to be maintained. The new agri-environment schemes need targeting where the highest gain would be achieved.

3.Inappropriate grazing levels resulting in erosion, loss of bank stability and lack of complex vegetation in the riparian zone all cause stretches of the SAC to be in unfavourable condition. A whole tributary may be assessed as favourable, due to the extent of the length of the SSSI units, but stretches may still need the riparian management addressing. An improved mechanism is needed to incentivise land managers to remove stock from watercourses.

Physical Physical modification of the river channel has resulted in 176 km of river being modification included in the Eden River Restoration Strategy as requiring 'Assisted Natural Recovery' or 'Significant Channel Restoration'. This is a threat, as opposed to a pressure because currently resources are available to implement a river restoration demonstration project(s). Funding through the Water Framework Directive will cease in 2015, therefore new funding sources need to be secured to ensure restoration continues.

Invasive species Himalayan balsam and Japanese knotweed are impacting on alder-flooplain woodland ground flora. Both species are causing significant erosion of banksides. Signal crayfish are now present in the River Caldew - a lower river tributary. They are not currently threatening the interest features, but could do so in the future.

Changes in Conservation Limits for Atlantic salmon were severely depleted in 2012-13. species Continued failure of CL will result in the feature being assessed as Unfavourable distribution Declining. Fisheries bye-laws including catch-release and Net Limitation Order are already in place, but will be reviewed if salmon returns continue to decline. The main issue is perceived to be poor salmon survival at sea.

Forestry and Where wooded stretches of the river are not in favourable condition, appropriate woodland woodland management is required to management improve riparian management maximise the area of alder-floodplain woodland retain adjacent woodland

Impacts/threats are spatially limited to alder-floodplain woodland sections, riparian areas of Ullswater and adjacent large woodlands, plus areas of coniferous woodland that would benefit from being changed to having a broad-leaved riparian zone.

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Threat / Description Pressure

Hydrological The Eden supplies a large volume of water to United Utilities integrated supply zone. changes Large abstractions were amended by the Environment Agency Review of Consents. Additional abstraction could impact on certain areas of the catchment, e.g. the River Leith. Drought orders are probably a greater threat than licensed abstraction. Multiple small-scale licences also have potential to impact, but these are mostly on intensively farmed areas where the river is larger, rather than the small limestone tributaries.

Disease Signal crayfish are the vector for Aphanomyces astaci which causes crayfish plague in the native white-clawed crayfish. Crayfish plague is devastating to the native crayfish. As well as being transferred by non-native crayfish it can also be transferred in water and mud containing the Aphanomyces astaci zoospores. Signal crayfish are present in the lower catchment therefore there is a threat to the native population.

Air pollution: risk Nitrogen deposition exceeds the site-relevant critical load for ecosystem protection of atmospheric and hence there is a risk of harmful effects, but the sensitive features are currently nitrogen considered to be in favourable condition on the site. This requires further deposition investigation.

Key Environmental Conditions

3.2.14.10 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

No reduction in extent Maintenance of water quality as regards sediment input, soluble reactive Phosphorus content Substrate dominated by clean grounds with no increase in sediment input Continued maintenance of flow regime No barriers to fish migration No loss of gravel from salmon spawning sites Control on stocking, fish farming and introductions of native or non-native species Control of light and noise pollution Limited air pollution Presence of suitable quiet stretches of river for otters No net loss in area of residual alluvial woodlands or change in structure / composition

Question 30

Have we correctly identified the vulnerabilities of River Eden SAC and its key environmental conditions? Is there any further information you can provide or refer us to, to help improve our understanding of the site?

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Potential Effects of the Plan

Table 43 Potential effects of the Plan: River Eden SAC

Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Hydrology Species Quality Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

The A66 As River Comments The Plan will It is New Whilst This The main crosses the Eden SAC is as for water not result in considered development invasive issue is possible SAC at a a river quality. Also, land take (or highly unlikely in County species as a not source of number of system abstraction of physical that new Durham as result of relevant disturbance points. designation water modification to development supported by inappropriate to the from the Plan However, any the site could supplies to the river in County the Plan is not planting linked SAC as to qualifying increase to be affected serve new channel) as the Durham and considered to new it is not a features is traffic levels by changes development SAC and river in rural west likely to have development coastal from noise associated to water in County system falls Durham in any effect on and habitat associated with with likely low quality and Durham outside of the particular (as existing inappropriate mineral levels of hydrology. would not be County's the nearest predation garden waste working and housing Good water abstracted administrative location of levels of disposal may increased proposed in quality is from the boundary. settlements to qualifying have the traffic volumes. the Plan to required by River Eden. Consideration the SAC) features. potential to The closest rural west qualifying has also been would affect the active mineral Durham is not plant and fish given to the significantly structure and site to River considered to communities potential for increase function of Eden SAC in be significant. to maintain loss of visitor levels qualifying County In addition, healthy functional land to the site on habitat of the Durham is due to the populations. utilised by a regular SAC, effects Hulands quarry current levels However, as Otters. The basis due to are which is 22km of existing development Otter's territorial overall considered to from the SAC permitted within County range can be distance from be extremely so unlikely to mineral Durham long (up to the site and unlikely given cause reserves it is would take 40km) but the likely low the disturbance to considered place in a species won't levels of remoteness of otters unlikely that different river usually stray development the SAC from associated with minerals catchment of further than in west existing the SAC. associated the Eden and 20km Durham. settlements Lunehead haulage and Esk up/downstream within County quarry is the use of the catchment . Inland holts Durham. closest A66 will which River are usually dormant quarry increase Eden SAC between 10 and and is also significantly belongs any 50m away from unlikely to over the Plan adverse a watercourse. cause period. impact is (P Chanin: disturbance in highly Ecology of the event that However, unlikely. European Otter, working traffic could Conserving recommences. increase on Natura 2000 Traffic growth the A66 as a Rivers, Ecology on the A66 as result of Series No. 10 a result of increased (2003)) As the housing and tourism to the nearest point of tourism is County, River Eden considered to particularly as SAC is 6.5km be minimal and the A66 is the from the County therefore also main strategic border and unlikely to route to the otters travel cause County from along the length significant the West. of the river levels of Whilst there is habitat and up disturbance to not currently a to 0.05km away otters. policy drawn from a up for tourism watercourse it within the is considered Plan it is likely that loss of that emerging functional land policy will from support the development tourism within County destination Durham is highly unlikely.

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Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Hydrology Species Quality Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

plan for Barnard Castle which is the main 'visitor' settlement in County Durham which could be arrived at via the A66.

The destination plan aims to target 'traditional' visitor profile groups and to attract visitors to Barnard Castle who are on holiday in Durham City. As 'traditional' visitors currently make up the visitor clientele to the town and the majority are repeat visitors it can be argued that any increase to the town (arriving via the A66) would be relatively small and the aim of the strategy is more about increasing spend, length of stay and strengthening visitor links with Durham City. The proportion of increase in visitors which are likely to travel from the West via the A66 to Barnard Castle is considered to be minimal given the comparative strength of

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Impact Pathway

Air Quality Water Hydrology Species Quality Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation Disturbance

Land Take Recreational Urbanisation Urbanisation Coastal Pressure / Increased / Invasive squeeze Predation Species

the Cumbrian tourism market and the fact that most visitors to Barnard Castle do not travel from the West. (77% of visitors to Barnard Castle currently travel from the North East region, 19% travel from Yorkshire and 7% travel from overseas). In addition, the distance of the SAC from the County boundary (6.5km) and its location in relation to the prevailing wind direction means that any air quality impacts from minerals development or other potentially air polluting sources located within the County is also highly unlikely.

Relevant Impact Pathways

3.2.14.11 The Plan is highly unlikely to impact upon the SAC via the potentially relevant impact pathways of air quality, water quality, hydrology, recreational pressure, invasive species or disturbance. Therefore, the SAC does not need to be included within the screening assessment.

Question 31

Do you agree that the River Eden SAC does not need to be considered throughout the screening assessment?

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3.2.15 Determination of Sites: Conclusion

3.2.15.1 Following consideration of the initial 'long list' of sites it has been determined that the following sites should be included in the screening assessment:

Table 44 Sites to be included in the Screening Assessment

Site Relevant Impact Pathways

Durham Coast SAC Air quality, water quality, hydrology, recreational pressure, invasive species, coastal squeeze

Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar Land take, recreational pressure, predation, coastal squeeze, species disturbance Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA Air quality, land take, recreational pressure, predation, coastal and Ramsar squeeze, species disturbance

Castle Eden Dene SAC Air quality, Water quality (run off), land take, invasive species

Thrislington SAC Air quality, land take, recreational pressure, invasive species

North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA Air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take, recreational pressure, invasive species, predation species disturbance

Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC Air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take, recreational pressure, invasive species, species disturbance

North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC Air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take

3.2.16 Functional Land

3.2.16.1 In addition to the Natura 2000 sites identified for inclusion in the screening assessment it is also considered important to consider impacts on functional land. Functional land is essentially land that forms an essential part of a species lifecycle, i.e. land used for roosting, foraging or shelter but not necessarily designated or protected.

3.2.16.2 In 2009 a mapping exercise was undertaken to map areas of particular importance for sensitive bird species within Stockton and the five former County Durham Districts: Wear Valley, Teesdale, Easington and Sedgefield. This was undertaken with particular reference to pending wind farm applications, however the results remain useful in determining valued land areas and flightpaths for sensitive birds.

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Figure 3 Sensitive Bird Areas - County Durham and Stockton - Bird Value

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Figure 4 Sensitive Bird Areas - County Durham and Stockton - Flightpath

Functionally linked land in the west of the County

3.2.16.3 The Birds of Durham publication recently produced by Durham Bird Club (2012), together with various research papers(xxiv) provides a useful update to the above project with particular reference to the likely location of ‘functionally linked land’ in the west of the County. Using Golden Plover (Pluvialis apicaria) as a case study, the following map of potential functional land can be produced. This map is a broadbrush approach utilising existing evidence on the species and its breeding habits, and based on existing landuse data produced by Durham County Council's Landscape Team (Local land sub types ArcMap layer).

xxiv Whitfield, D. P. & Thomas, C. J. (2006). Analysis of a survey of golden plover around the Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands Special Protection Area Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 181 (ROAME No. F01LB205/5). Whittingham, MJ et al. 2002. Nest-site selection by golden plover: why do shorebirds avoid nesting on slopes? Journal of Avian Biology. Whittingham MJ et al. 2001. Habitat selection by golden plover Pluvialis apicaria chicks Journal of Basic and Applied Ecology. Whittingham MJ et al. 2000. Time budgets and foraging of breeding golden plover Pluvialis apicaria. Journal of Applied Ecology. Dr Derek A. Ratchliffe (1976) Observations on the Breeding of the Golden Plover in Great Britain Bird Study 23:2, 63-116

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Figure 5 Map showing functional land for North Pennine Moors SPA species

3.2.16.4 The map shows land within 4km (Whittingham 2000) of the breeding habitat of golden plover (moorland habitat above 300m altitude)(Birds of Durham 2012). Research has determined that breeding of this species occurs almost exclusively outside of enclosed land. Whilst enclosed fields have been separated out into a separate layer on Arcmap, unenclosed fields have not, and therefore the likely breeding habitat layer (shown in violet above) provides a more cautious approach to the identification of likely functional land (light purple buffer).

Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata) is a far more generalist species, breeding in both upland heather moorland as well as rough grazing areas, with albeit small but known populations using lowland wet pasture and permanent pasture on areas of extensively managed farmland and even occasionally on ‘set-aside’ (Birds of Durham 2012). It is therefore far more difficult to determine the functionally linked land utilised by this species. It is however assumed that a large proportion of the population breeding within the North Pennine Moors SPA will be utilising a similar area to golden plover around the designated site for foraging during the breeding season.

Dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii) breeds in high wet moorlands (Gibbons et al 1993) usually above the 500m contour in Durham (Birds of Durham 2012). They prefer wet ground for breeding and foraging during the breeding season, usually encompassing open pools and sphagnum bogs interspersed with sheep walks and short heather (Nethersole – Thompson & Nethersole – Thompson 1986). There is little evidence of lowland breeding in the County, though small numbers of birds have been noted

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around Teesmouth throughout the breeding season, which suggests that breeding occasionally occurs in some of the peripheral wetlands around the estuary. Due to their very specific breeding and feeding habitats during the breeding season, it is concluded that the above functional land buffer for golden plover will encompass habitats used by this species during the breeding season.

Breeding Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus) Merlin (Falco columbarius) and Peregrine (Falco peregrinus) are all included as qualifying features, however due to the their relatively low populations (high persecution rates) and large territories, it is considered inappropriate to attempt to calculate the functional requirements of the species outside of the designated site boundary. Indeed it is apparent that with respect to Hen harrier – due to the relatively high success rates of foraging within moorland, that populations breeding within this habitat type are unlikely to stray outside for foraging purposes (Redpath, S. et al 2001). (xxv)

Functionally linked land in the east of the County

3.2.16.5 The areas of land which would be considered functionally linked, with respect to the qualifying features of the Northumbria Coast and Cleveland & Teesmouth Coast SPA, have been identified through specific wintering bird surveys undertaken during 2011/12 and 2012/13. The surveys identified areas or locations which are used by waterbirds for either offshore feeding / roosting areas, low and high tide feeding areas and high tide roosting areas as follows:

xxv Redpath, S. et al (2001) Hen harrier foraging success in relation to land use in Scotland.

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Figure 6 Map Showing the Location of Annex I Birds - Pincushion, Featherbed Rocks, Seaham Harbour and Noses Point

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Figure 7 Map Showing the Location of Annex I Birds - Fox Holes

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Figure 8 Location of Annex I Birds - Blackhall Rocks and Crimdon Beach

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3.2.16.6 Further coastal bird surveys are also being undertaken as part of a research programme funded by the Institute for Sustainability (IfS) at Newcastle University, and a number of stakeholders including Durham County Council, Northumberland County Council, Natural England, The RSPB, and Port of Tyne Authority. It is understood that Sunderland Borough Council and South Tyneside District Council will also be making a contribution to the project. The main focus of the research will be on the region’s coastal habitats and associated European protected areas. Due to the avian links between the Durham Coast and neighbouring local authorities, the research area will aim to be a continuous area covering as much of the North East coastline as is commensurate with available funding. The research aims to:

Obtain a range of scientific evidence about the impacts of disturbance by humans on birds which is not currently known (e.g. at what distance are key bird species willing to tolerate disturbance from walkers/dogs and the functional area that these populations use); Identify stakeholders concerned with the management and use of land within designated sites and with their engagement; Engage stakeholders in establishing possible mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of human activity on birds and so offset potential disturbance impacts

3.2.16.7 Confirmation of project funding was made in June 2015 and the project was officially launched in September 2015. The surveys (including radio-tagging of qualifying features) will be undertaken during the winter months (2015/16) with the final report expected in August 2016. The findings of the report will be used to update the current data that supports this HRA including the areas that can be identified as functional land.

3.3 In combination Plans / Projects

3.3.1 The Habitats Directive requires that all significant effects of plans and projects, whether they are alone or in combination with other plans and projects, be assessed in view of European Sites’ conservation objectives. This means that, even where an effect of the plan is deemed not to be significant on its own, it could be significant when added to the effects of one or more other plans and projects.

3.3.2 However, it is important that in-combination assessment remains a manageable exercise. Therefore the focus of in combination assessment throughout this HRA will be on relevant plans that direct future growth, encourage tourism or that seek to manage mineral resources and waste as these plans are considered to be the key sources of potential impacts. During the HRA assessment of individual sites or areas, consideration will be given to potential in combination effects with any specific relevant projects (e.g. major planning applications) where necessary.

3.3.3 All of the development plans in the plan area and surrounding authorities have been reviewed to give a picture of anticipated levels of development during the timescale of the emerging Plan. Many of the plans that have been reviewed have been subject to Habitats Regulations Assessments. These HRA documents can be useful in ascertaining the extent to which those plans are expected to impact on European sites.

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3.3.4 Appendix B provides further detail on each of the plans/ projects reviewed to determine whether they are likely to give rise to potential adverse 'in combination' effects to the relevant Natura 2000 sites. The following table identifies those that are considered to have the potential to act 'in combination' with the emerging Plan.

Table 45 Other Plans/Projects potentially contributing to 'In Combination' Effects

Natura 2000 Site Potential 'In Contributing Plan/Project Combination' Impact

Coastal Increased disturbance as Hartlepool Borough Council Local Plan 2006 SAC/SPA/Ramsar: a result of increased Tees Valley Joint Minerals and Waste populations/leisure, Development Plan Documents Core Strategy Teesmouth and tourism and possibly 2011-2026 Cleveland Coast minerals development Tees Valley Joint Minerals and Waste SPA/Ramsar Development Plan Documents Policies and Northumbria Sites Development Plan Document Coast SPA 2011-2026 Durham Coast Sunderland City Council Marine Walk SAC Masterplan Supplementary Planning Document Sunderland City Council Seaburn Masterplan Supplementary Planning Document

South Tyneside Core Strategy 2006

Natural England - English Coastal Path Project - North Gare to South Bents - 55km stretch

County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2012-2016

Tourism Destination Plan for Seaham 2009

Housing development North of Lowhills Road, Peterlee - Residential development of up to 900 dwellings and local retail centre. (Ref: 5/PL/2013/0106)

North East Industrial Estate, Peterlee - Residential development for 390 dwellings. (Ref: DM/14/01195/OUT)

Western upland Potential Increased Tourism Destination Plan for Barnard Castle SAC/SPA's: trampling of habitat and 2013 increased disturbance as Tourism Destination Plan for Stanhope 2009 North Pennine a result of increased Moors SAC populations/leisure, North Pennine tourism and recreation Moors SPA development. Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC

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3.3.5 In addition to the documents identified above, and due to the importance of County Durham as a mineral producing authority it is also considered necessary to identify existing mineral consents that may have an adverse effect on the relevant Natura 2000 sites either alone or in combination with other plans and projects if their continuation is supported by the emerging Plan.

3.3.6 Durham County Council completed a review of existing minerals decisions and consents in November 2015 to determine whether the completion or continuation of minerals working consented prior to the designation of relevant Natura 2000 sites could present a threat to their integrity.(xxvi) No existing mineral consents were modified or revoked following the review and the following decisions were attributed:

Consent affirmed

3.3.7 Where a conclusion of no adverse effect on integrity is reached, the consent was affirmed and the review process for the consent was considered complete.

Consent flagged

3.3.8 Where a consent cannot be shown to have no adverse effect on site integrity (either alone or in combination) and no conditions or restrictions exist to which the consent can be made subject ; but it is the opinion of the authority that there is no likelihood of the development to which the consent relates being carried out or continued , no further action is considered necessary. However, the consent was flagged so that if in the highly unlikely event that the situation changes, the review process can be promptly reinstated.

Consent undetermined

3.3.9 Where further information (appropriate assessment) is required to determine the consent which has not been received but is considered pending by Durham County Council, the consent was considered to be undetermined. For ease of reference, the following table summaries the outcome of the review process:

Table 46 Determination of existing mineral consents

Mineral Site Status Relevant consents Outcome Relevant Impact Natura 2000 Pathway Site(s)

Newlandside Active CA4575;CA37189; CA47229; CA51839 reviewed Affirmed North No adverse Quarry by MRA/3/7 Pennine effect via Moors SAC impact and SPA, pathways North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC

Harthope Active CA2247; CA6706 reviewed by MRA/6/6 Affirmed Moor House No adverse Head Quarry (This site Upper effect via is now Teesdale impact SAC and pathways.

xxvi Available at: Review of Existing Decisions and Consents

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Mineral Site Status Relevant consents Outcome Relevant Impact Natura 2000 Pathway Site(s)

being North restored) Pennine Moors SPA

Broadwood Active IDO/3/31; 3/2005/0201 Affirmed North No adverse Quarry Pennine effect via Moors SAC impact and SPA pathways

Windy Hill Active CA40284; 6/90/188CM; CMA/6/4 reviewed by Affirmed North No adverse Quarry MRA/6/3 Pennine effect via Moors SAC impact and SPA pathways

Shipley Active CA22119; MRA/6/4; CMA/6/3; Affirmed North No adverse Banks Quarry Pennine effect via 6/86/227CM; MRA/6/8;6/2002/0151/ DM/CM Moors SAC impact and SPA pathways

Cat Castle Active 6/76/366CM Affirmed North No adverse Quarry Pennine effect via Moors SAC impact and SPA pathways

Hulands Active 6/2008/0003/CM Affirmed North No adverse Quarry Pennine effect via Moors SAC impact and SPA pathways

Thrislington Active CA8031; CA1161; 7/84/768CM; Affirmed Thrislington No adverse Quarry CA49584;7/97/34CM; 7/00/573CM; 7/00/505CM; SAC effect via CMA/7/55; impact pathways CMA/7/100; CMA/7/101;MRA/7/1

Bishop Active CA334;CA4485;CA10431;CA13341;CA50323; Affirmed Thrislington No adverse Middleham T/APP/H1345/A196/267255/P5;7/2003/0045CM; SAC effect via Quarry 7/2007/0388 impact pathways

Roger Hill Dormant P39/91 Affirmed North No adverse Quarry Pennine effect via Moors SAC impact and SPA pathways

Wharnley Dormant CA148, CA23178, P45/2 Affirmed North No adverse Burn Farm Pennine effect via Quarries (x3) Moors SAC impact and SPA pathways

Castleside Dormant CA756, CA1516, CA17922, Affirmed North No adverse Quarry Pennine effect via CA36967 Moors SAC impact and SPA pathways

Wolsingham Dormant CA5477; CA5792 Affirmed North No adverse Quarry Pennine effect via Moors SAC impact and SPA pathways

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Mineral Site Status Relevant consents Outcome Relevant Impact Natura 2000 Pathway Site(s)

Cornforth Inactive CA26923; MRA/7/2(2) Affirmed Thrislington No adverse East Quarry SAC effect via impact pathways

Cornforth Inactive IDO No 2710; IDO 7/5/1 Affirmed Thrislington No adverse West Quarry SAC effect via impact pathways

Heights Active CA6435; CA15848; CA30209; CA49481 (O39/3) Affirmed North No adverse Quarry reviewed by MRA/3/1 Pennine effect via Moors SAC impact and SPA pathways (potential for in-combination disturbance to SPA species was screened out)

Harrowbank Inactive CA2483 (P39/8); CA198 (P39/8); 3/80/445CM Affirmed North No adverse and Ashy Pennine effect via Bank Quarry Moors SAC impact and SPA pathways and North (potential for Pennine in-combination Dales disturbance to Meadows SPA species SAC was screened out)

Force Garth Active working area as proposed by the operator Affirmed Moor House No adverse Quarry pertaining to Interim Development Order No. 3427 Upper effect via as updated (DCC ref: IDO/6/1/1) Teesdale impact SAC and pathways North (potential for Pennine in-combination Moors SPA loss of habitat to SAC and disturbance to SPA species was screened out)

IDO 3427; IDO 6/1/2 (full boundaries) Flagged Moor House Working to full Upper boundaries is Teesdale considered SAC and highly unlikely North but if it were Pennine potential for Moors SPA adverse effects on integrity via all impact pathways

Dead Friars Active CA6124; CA54079 both reviewed by MRA/3/2 Undetermined North Habitat and Quarry Pennine Species Moors SAC surveys and SPA required to determine whether there is potential for adverse effects

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Mineral Site Status Relevant consents Outcome Relevant Impact Natura 2000 Pathway Site(s)

through destruction of habitat/species and disturbance. However, please note that since the Review, a Periodic Review application has not been made by the required date and no request to postpone the submission date has been made, therefore the mineral permissions relating to the site have ceased to have effect, except in so far as they impose any restoration or aftercare conditions.

Hawthorn Inactive IDO permission; CA25968; CA45928; CA47394; Undetermined Durham SAC - air Quarry 5/81/274CM Coast SAC quality, water and quality and Northumbria hydrology Coast SPA SPA - disturbance

Muggleswick Dormant CA12211 Flagged North potential for Common Pennine adverse effects Quarry Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA all impact pathways if working recommenced albeit considered highly unlikely

Puddingthorn Dormant CA498; CA3766; CA3812 Flagged North potential for Quarries Pennine adverse effects (1&2) Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA habitat / and North species Pennine destruction and Dales disturbance Meadows impact SAC pathways if working

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Mineral Site Status Relevant consents Outcome Relevant Impact Natura 2000 Pathway Site(s)

recommenced albeit considered highly unlikely

Greenfield Dormant CA850; CA973 Flagged North potential for Quarry Pennine adverse effects Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA all impact and North pathways if Pennine working Dales recommenced Meadows albeit SAC considered highly unlikely

Cat Crag Dormant CA821; CA24565 Flagged North potential for Quarry Pennine adverse effects Dales on integrity via Meadows air quality, SAC water quality and hydrology impact pathways if working recommenced albeit considered highly unlikely

Middlehope Dormant CA2716; CA48799; CA51779 Flagged North potential for Quarry Pennine adverse effects Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA habitat / and North species Pennine destruction and Dales disturbance Meadows impact SAC pathways if working recommenced albeit considered highly unlikely

Roundhill Dormant CA19838 Flagged North potential for Quarry Pennine adverse effects Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA all impact pathways if working recommenced albeit considered highly unlikely

Whitehills Dormant CA362 Flagged North Potential for Quarry Pennine adverse effects Dales on integrity via Meadows all impact SAC pathways with the exception of air quality if working

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Mineral Site Status Relevant consents Outcome Relevant Impact Natura 2000 Pathway Site(s)

recommenced albeit considered highly unlikely

Parson Byers Dormant CA3464; CA680; CA16939 Flagged North potential for Quarry Pennine adverse effects CA36908 Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA all impact and North pathways if Pennine working Dales recommenced Meadows albeit SAC considered highly unlikely

Harthope Dormant CA749; CA18233 Flagged Moor House potential for West Upper adverse effects Teesdale on integrity via SAC and all impact North pathways if Pennine working Moors SPA recommenced albeit considered highly unlikely

Howden Burn Dormant CA707 Flagged North potential for Quarries Pennine adverse effects (1&2) Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA all impact pathways if working recommenced albeit considered highly unlikely

Harnisha Dormant CA14176 Flagged North potential for Burn (1) Pennine adverse effects Quarry, Moors SAC on integrity via Bollihope and SPA all impact and North pathways if Pennine working Dales recommenced Meadows albeit SAC considered highly unlikely

Harnisha Dormant CA1195 Flagged North potential for Burn (2&3) Pennine adverse effects Quarry, Moors SAC on integrity via Bollihope and SPA, all impact North pathways if Pennine working Dales recommenced Meadows albeit SAC and considered Moor House highly unlikely Upper Teesdale SAC

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Mineral Site Status Relevant consents Outcome Relevant Impact Natura 2000 Pathway Site(s)

Jopla Skye Dormant CA745 Flagged North potential for Quarry, Pennine adverse effects Bollihope Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA all impact and North pathways if Pennine working Dales recommenced Meadows albeit SAC considered highly unlikely

Bollihope Dormant CA735 Flagged North potential for Quarry 3 Pennine adverse effects Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA, all impact North pathways if Pennine working Dales recommenced Meadows albeit SAC and considered Moor House highly unlikely Upper Teesdale SAC

Bollihope Dormant CA735 Flagged North potential for Quarry 1&2 Pennine adverse effects Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA all impact pathways if working recommenced albeit considered highly unlikely

Blanket Dormant CA6001 Flagged North potential for Consent Pennine adverse effects Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA, all impact North pathways if Pennine working Dales recommenced Meadows albeit SAC and considered Moor House highly unlikely Upper Teesdale SAC

Doctors Gate Dormant P30/P40 Flagged North potential for Quarry Pennine adverse effects Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA all impact pathways if working recommenced albeit considered highly unlikely

Park End Dormant 1053/100/1 Flagged North potential for Quarry Pennine adverse effects Moors SAC on integrity via

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Mineral Site Status Relevant consents Outcome Relevant Impact Natura 2000 Pathway Site(s)

and SPA, all impact North pathways if Pennine working Dales recommenced Meadows albeit SAC and considered Moor House highly unlikely Upper Teesdale SAC

Crossthwaite Dormant 1053/100/1 Flagged North potential for Quarry Pennine adverse effects Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA, all impact North pathways if Pennine working Dales recommenced Meadows albeit SAC and considered Moor House highly unlikely Upper Teesdale SAC

Middleton Dormant 1053/100/1 Flagged North potential for Quarry Pennine adverse effects Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA, all impact North pathways if Pennine working Dales recommenced Meadows albeit SAC and considered Moor House highly unlikely Upper Teesdale SAC

Lunehead Dormant 1/3/29A Flagged North potential for Quarry Pennine adverse effects Moors SAC on integrity via and SPA all impact and North pathways if Pennine working Dales recommenced Meadows albeit SAC considered highly unlikely

3.3.10 In the event that the emerging Plan promotes the continuation of sites and consents where the outcome of the review was undetermined or it promotes the recommencement of predominantly dormant sites and consents that were flagged, it is likely that further information to support an appropriate assessment will be required if not available. Any potential in-combination effects as a result of other development types promoted by the Plan will also need to be taken into account.

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 115 3 Evidence Gathering

Question 32

Have we correctly identified the potential types of in-combination effect and are there any other plans or projects that you are aware of that we should be considering for potential in-combination effects?

3.3.11 The following section of this report outlines the methodology for the screening assessment.

116 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Screening 4

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 117 4 Screening

4 Screening

4.0.1 Following the evidence gathering stage it is possible to undertake screening of the emerging plan for likely significant effects. Screening is fundamentally a risk assessment to determine whether the subsequent more detailed stage of assessment, which is known as Appropriate Assessment is required. As the plan is at an early stage of preparation, a 'high level' screening assessment of the strategic options will be undertaken to advise upon the potential effects which can not be 'screened out.'

4.0.2 The following diagram shows the process that will be followed:

Figure 9 Likely Significant Effects Flowchart

118 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Screening 4

4.0.3 The screening assessment will take into account all relevant European Protected sites and impact pathways. The outcomes of each screening assessment will be recorded as follows:

Table 47 Likely Significant Effects Screening Template

Part A: The Option(s)

Issue under consideration

Description of options A: B: C:

Part B: Impact Pathways

Option A Potentially B Potentially C Potentially Affected Affected Affected European European European Protected Protected Protected Site(s) Site(s) Site(s)

Air Quality

Water Quality

Hydrology

Habitat / Species Destruction or fragmentation (land take, recreational pressure, urbanisation (invasive species / increased predation), coastal squeeze)

Habitat or Species Disturbance

Part C: Conclusion

Option A B C

Can a decision of 'no effect on the site at all' be made?

Is the project likely to have a significant effect 'alone'?

Will the implementation of the option have some potential effect but no significant effect 'alone' and therefore require an 'in combination' assessment?

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 119 4 Screening

Part A: The Option(s)

Part D: In Combination Assessment

Which other plans or projects are likely to give rise to additive adverse in combination effects and how?

Part E: In Combination Assessment Conclusion

Will the project have likely significant effects on European Protected Sites ‘in combination’?

4.0.4 Prior to screening the options, a preliminary assessment will be undertaken to determine whether options can be screened out or deferred from screening until a later stage on the basis that they fit the description of one or more preliminary assessment categories. These preliminary assessment categories will be used throughout the HRA of the Plan.

Table 48 Preliminary Assessment Categories

Category Description

A Option will not lead to built development. For example it relates to the proportion of housing that should be affordable or other qualitative criteria

B Option may encourage new development but due to development type under consideration, distance from European Protected Sites and / or absence of connected impact pathways there are no conceivable effects

C Option will lead to built development but there is limited detail at this stage regarding how such development will be located and therefore whether there will be likely significant effects to European Protected Sites or not. Further screening of additional options or draft policies will be required once more detail is available. Screening of this option is deferred at this stage.

D Option will lead to built development and whilst there is limited detail at this stage regarding how such development will be specifically located and whether there will be likely significant effects to European Protected sites or not, the spatial nature of the options either maximise or minimise risk of likley significant effects.

E Option is concerned with how to conserve or enhance the natural, built or historic environment. Enhancement measures may have a positive effect or no adverse effect on a European Site.

4.0.5 The following section identifies the options that are eliminated or deferred from the screening for likely significant effects assessment following the assignment of preliminary assessment categories. The screening assessment of options subject to the test for likely significant effects can be found in Appendix C and D.

120 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Screening 4

Question 33

Do you agree with the approach taken to screening for Likely Significant Effects?

4.1 Preliminary Assessment

Table 49 Preliminary Assessment

Issue Options Preliminary Justification Assessment Category

Which A: PG Short Term (29,127 dwellings, Whilst there is potential for C population 406 average annual jobs growth) the increased population, scenario housing and jobs growth B: PG Combination (30,951 dwellings, should be C along with any associated selected to 444 average annual jobs growth) infrastructure required by determine each of the options to housing and C: PG Long Term (32,623 dwellings, adversely affect all relevant jobs growth 535 average annual jobs growth) Natura 2000 sites by all relevant impact pathways, further detail on the distribution of the options C selected will be required in order to screen likely significant effects further. Please see Appendix C for further detail in relation to housing growth distribution.

Should the A: Business as Usual Employment C The increased number of ambition to Rate: 71% people in employment and increase the associated jobs growth that employment B: Preferred Employment Rate: 73% C would occur both under the rate to 73% be 'business as usual' scenario supported and the preferred scenario is likely to increase the requirement for business expansion and new business premises over the Plan period. However, further detail on the distribution of such development will be required in order to screen likely significant effects.

A: Business as Usual (Maintain Current A The majority of options for the Approach to Supply): 755 hectares quantity of employment land assessing the in the county up to 2033 are employment B: Labour Demand: 132 hectares A unlikely to lead to development per se as they

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 121 4 Screening

Issue Options Preliminary Justification Assessment Category

land C: Labour Supply: 130 hectares A are either maintaining the requirement in current supply or represent a the County D: Past Take-up: 270 hectares C significant deallocation of employment land, which is likely to be undeveloped and is unlikely to be put to other uses due to its location. Under the Past Take-up approach it is likely that new employment sites will be allocated despite net deallocations, so this has been assessed as Category C at this stage. Development on individual sites going in and out of, or changing use could adversely effect the relevant Natura 2000 sites by all relevant impact pathways. However, further detail on the distribution of the options selected will be required in order to screen likely significant effects. There is an indication that the majority of employment land will be retained or developed in the key commercial areas around the A1 Corridor (International Market Area), Durham City (International Market Area), A19 Corridor (Regional Market Area), Consett and Surrounds (Local Market Area) and Bishop Auckland and surrounds (Local Market Area).

Distribution of Main Town Focus Not Whilst there is limited detail housing applicable, regarding how housing will Sustainable Communities options will be specifically located, the be subject to differing distributions either Sustainable Communities with Central screening. minimise or maximise Durham Villages Please see distribution to areas of the Appendix C County within which Wider Dispersal European sites are located and therefore, potential magnitude of effects.

122 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Screening 4

Issue Options Preliminary Justification Assessment Category

Spatial A:Only outside of the North Pennines Not Both options lead to built Approach to AONB and in areas not subject to applicable, development and whilst there Carboniferous international or national biodiversity options will is limited detail at this stage Limestone designations be subject to regarding how such screening. development will be B: As (A) but in addition proposals for Please see specifically located and extensions to existing quarries and the Appendix D whether there will be likely reworking of former carboniferous significant effects to limestone quarries within the AONB European Protected sites or which have not been restored properly not, the spatial nature of the (provided they also create or safeguard options either maximise or employment, do not have an adverse minimise risk of likely impact on European sites and provide significant effects. substantive landscape, biodiversity and geodiversity benefits) should also be considered.

Spatial A: Proposals to deepen existing Not All options with the exception Approach to magnesian limestone sites where basal applicable, of option E will lead to built Sand and Permian sand lies beneath the existing options will development Whilst there is Gravel quarry void at accessible depths be subject to limited detail at this stage screening. regarding how such B: Proposals to laterally extend existing Please see development will be magnesian limestone sites where basal Appendix D specifically located and Permian sand lies at accessible depths whether there will be likely significant effects to C:New sand and gravel sites, working European Protected sites or fluvial or glacial sand and gravels not, the spatial nature of the wherever the resources occurs options either maximise or minimise risk of likely D:New sand and gravel working fluvial significant effects. or glacial sand and gravels in locations outside of environmentally important areas and in locations in close proximity to markets e.g. Central Durham and the Tyne and Wear and Tees Valley conurbations

E:Don’t allocate new sites or extend existing sites (this includes lateral extensions or deepening)

Spatial A: Only outside of the North Pennines Not All options will lead to built Approach to AONB and in areas not subject to applicable, development. Whilst there is Natural international or national biodiversity options will limited detail at this stage Building and designations be subject to regarding how such Roofing Stone screening. development will be B: Locate new working to areas outside Please see specifically located and the North Pennines AONB and Appendix D whether there will be likely international or national biodiversity significant effects to designations but allow some small scale European Protected sites or working in certain circumstances within not, the spatial nature of the the AONB

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 123 4 Screening

Issue Options Preliminary Justification Assessment Category

C: Do not provide locational guidance options either maximise or minimise risk of likely significant effects.

Approach to A: Net Self Sufficiency C Whilst there is potential for the provision the development required by of waste in the B: Max Waste Management C the Net Self Sufficiency and County Max Waste Management C: Min Waste Management A options to adversely effect the relevant Natura 2000 sites by all relevant impact pathways, further detail on the distribution of the options selected will be required in order to screen likely significant effects. The Min Waste Management option is the closest to the current situation and so it will not lead to development per se. However, it is possible that even under this approach some waste management facilities would need to be developed within the county. Therefore, while it has been assessed as category A at this stage, this assessment will be reviewed as further detail emerges and amended as necessary.

Question 34

Do you agree with the justification for eliminating or deferring some of the options from the screening assessment for likely significant effects?

4.2 Outcome of Screening Assessment

4.2.1 The following table summarises the outcome of the screening assessment for likely significant effects.

124 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Screening 4

Table 50 Outcome of Screening Assessment

Issue Options Can the Justification Potentially Comments / Next Steps option be Affected Sites 'screened out' (Y/N)

How to Main Town Focus No Whilst this option distributes North A further screening distribute new the least housing to areas Pennine assessment of housing housing This option focuses housing where European protected Moors SAC, allocations to meet this across County on the main towns in the sites are located, there is still SPA and distribution scenario, if Durham County with a larger potential for new housing Moor House selected will be required. proportion of new either on its own or in Upper This assessment should development being directed combination with other plans, Teesdale take into account additive to Durham City. Other towns projects and proposals within SAC- air and in-combination and villages receive an the County Durham Plan to quality, effects along with any amount of housing to meet adversely impact the integrity water mitigating measures. their social and economic of all relevant European quality, needs. Protected sites via a range of hydrology, impact pathways. land take, recreational In relation to areas within pressure, which European protected increased sites are located the following predation, proportions of housing are invasive provided to give an indication species and of how each option would disturbance distribute housing across the North County. Please note that Pennine these are not definitive Dales figures: Meadows SAC - air West Durham - 4% quality, Mid Durham - 11% water quality, East Durham - 14% hydrology Thrislington SAC - air quality, recreational pressure Castle Eden Dene SAC - water quality, invasive species Durham Coast SAC - water quality, hydrology, recreational pressure, invasive species Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar - coastal squeeze, loss of functional land, recreational pressure and disturbance Of all the potential impact pathways listed above those that are considered

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 125 4 Screening

Issue Options Can the Justification Potentially Comments / Next Steps option be Affected Sites 'screened out' (Y/N)

most likely to occur relate to recreational pressure and disturbance to coastal European protected sites due to existing known levels of pressure and the recreational draw of the coast, not only for residents within County Durham but from those visiting from neighbouring authorities or further afield.

Sustainable Communities No Predicted likely significant As above As above effects are as for those This option focuses housing documented under the Main on the main towns in the Town Focus option, However, County with a lesser focus on distribution under the Durham City.In relation to Sustainable Communities areas within which European option is likely to increase the protected sites are located the population in Mid Durham and following proportions of East Durham and therefore housing are provided to give potential magnitude of effects. an indication of how each The distribution (and therefore option would distribute population increase) to West housing across the County. Durham remains the same as Please note that these are not under the Main Town Focus. definitive figures:

West Durham - 4% Mid Durham - 16% East Durham - 15%

Sustainable Communities with No Given that housing distribution As above As above Central Durham Villages under the Sustainable Communities with Central This option is similar to the Durham Villages Option is the Sustainable Communities same as under the option but instead Sustainable Communities redistributes a proportion of option, this option also the housing from Durham City increases population growth to the rest of Central Durham to Mid and East Durham over including the villages of and above the Main Town Brandon, Langley Moor, Focus option and therefore the Meadowfield, Coxhoe, potential magnitude of effects. Langley Park, Lanchester and Esh Winning. The figures for Durham City and Central Durham are therefore the only ones that change for this option.

In relation to areas within which European protected sites are located the following proportions of housing are

126 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Screening 4

Issue Options Can the Justification Potentially Comments / Next Steps option be Affected Sites 'screened out' (Y/N)

provided to give an indication of how each option would distribute housing across the County. Please note that these are not definitive figures:

West Durham - 4% Mid Durham - 16% East Durham - 15%

Wider Dispersal No Predicted likely significant As above As above effects are as for for those This option differs from the documented under the Main other options in that it would Town Focus option. However redistribute the majority of the the wider dispersal scenario original housing from Durham increases the housing City, or the villages of Central distribution and therefore Durham to the rest of the population increase to West, County. Mid Durham and East Durham.

In relation to areas within which European protected Of all the options, this option sites are located the following increases the magnitude of proportions of housing are effects both in respect of provided to give an indication increased populations to all of how each option would areas where European distribute housing across the Protected sites are located County. Please note that and an overall greater these are not definitive magnitude of population figures: increase.

West Durham - 5% Mid Durham - 18% East Durham - 16%

Spatial A: Only outside of the North No Whilst this option is likely to North If this option is selected Approach to Pennines AONB and in areas reduce the risk of 'Likely Pennine a further screening Carboniferous not subject to international or Significant Effects,' the Moors SAC assessment of the sites Limestone national biodiversity location of new minerals North under consideration for Working designations working outside of the AONB Pennine allocation within the Plan and SAC, SPA's could still Moors SPA will need to be impact upon relevant sites Moor House undertaken. through a variety of impact Upper pathways. Teesdale SAC North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC

B: As (a) but in addition No Whilst the intention is to North If this option is selected proposals for extensions to ensure no adverse impact Pennine a further screening existing quarries and the upon European sites, the Moors SAC assessment of the sites reworking of former Council's 2015 Review of North under consideration for carboniferous limestone Existing Decisions and Pennine allocation within the Plan quarries within the AONB Consents report identified that Moors SPA will need to be which have not been restored the reworking of several North undertaken. Please note properly (provided they also dormant sites has the potential Pennine that the substantive create or safeguard to adversely impact relevant Dales benefits to biodiversity employment, do not have an SAC/SPA's through a variety Meadows may be of benefit to adverse impact on European of impact pathways. Extending SAC qualifying features of sites and provide substantive existing active sites could also European Protected landscape, biodiversity and increase levels of disturbance sites. geodiversity benefits) should to qualifying SPA species due also be considered. to distance from the SPA and potential use of land as functional land.

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 127 4 Screening

Issue Options Can the Justification Potentially Comments / Next Steps option be Affected Sites 'screened out' (Y/N)

Spatial A: Proposals to deepen No In the event that this option is Thrislington Given that Option E is Approach to existing magnesian limestone selected and proposals were SAC unlikely to be realistic Sand and sites where basal Permian forthcoming from Thrislington given the requirement in Gravel sand lies beneath the existing Quarry as a result, there is the the NPPF to facilitate a working quarry void at accessible potential for adverse effects to steady and adequate depths Thrislington SAC via dust supply of minerals, this emissions depending upon the option presents the least adequacy of existing control risk of likely significant measures effects to European protected sites. To ensure the avoidance of adverse effects safeguards could be included within the Plan to ensure that only proposals that can demonstrate that they will not adversely effect the integrity of European Protected sites will be approved.

B: Proposals to laterally No In the event that this option is Thrislington This option increases the extend existing magnesian selected and proposals were SAC potential for adverse limestone sites where basal forthcoming from Thrislington effects to Thrislington Permian sand lies at Quarry as a result, there is the SAC via air quality accessible depths potential for adverse effects to impacts compared to Thrislington SAC via dust option A. If this option is emissions and direct land take. selected further detail Dust emission may be more should be provided problematic than those regarding which existing generated under option A as sites will be extended. initially the extended sites will not be worked at depth until sufficient overburden is removed.

C:New sand and gravel sites, No Due to the widespread All sites Due to the lack of control working fluvial or glacial sand availability of fluvial and glacial measures, this option has and gravels wherever the sands in County Durham, the potential to affect a resources occurs allowing working wherever the wider array of European resource occurs has the Protected sites compared potential to affect all sites to options A and B. If this within the County via one or option is selected further more impact pathway. detail should be provided regarding the specific location of sites within the resource area.

D:New sand and gravel No This option also has the Durham Whilst this option reduces working fluvial or glacial sand potential to affect sites via one Coast SAC risk compared to Option and gravels in locations or more impact pathway. Thrislington C it has the potential to outside of environmentally However, this option SAC affect a wider array of important areas and in minimises the range of sites Castle Eden European Protected sites locations in close proximity to that could be adversely Dene SAC compared to options A markets e.g. Central Durham affected Northumbria and B. If this option is and the Tyne and Wear and Coast SPA selected further detail Tees Valley conurbations should be provided Teesmouth regarding the specific and location of sites. Cleveland Coast SPA

E:Don’t allocate new sites or Yes The Council's 2015 Review of Not Whilst this is the best extend existing sites (this Existing Decisions and applicable option in relation to includes lateral extensions or Consents report screened out avoiding effects to deepening) potential adverse effects as a European Protected sites result of continued working of it is unlikely to be a active sand and gravel sites or realistic option for the reworking of dormant sites Plan given the requirement in the NPPF to facilitate a steady and adequate supply of minerals,

128 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Screening 4

Issue Options Can the Justification Potentially Comments / Next Steps option be Affected Sites 'screened out' (Y/N)

Spatial A: Only outside of the North No Whilst this option is likely to North This option presents the Approach to Pennines AONB and in areas reduce the risk of 'Likely Pennine least risk of likely Natural not subject to international or Significant Effects,' the Moors SAC significant effects to Building and national biodiversity location of new minerals North European protected sites. Roofing Stone designations working outside of the AONB Pennine However, if this option is and SAC, SPA's could still Moors SPA selected further detail impact upon relevant sites Moor House should be provided through all relevant impact Upper regarding the specific pathways Teesdale location of new working SAC within the Namurian rock North outcrop. Pennine Dales Meadows SAC

B: Locate new working to No This option has the potential North This option increases the areas outside the North to locate working in closer Pennine risk of likely significant Pennines AONB and proximity to European Moors SAC effects to European international or national Protected sites which may North protected sites compared biodiversity designations but increase the risk of adverse Pennine to Option A. However, if allow some small scale effects through all relevant Moors SPA this option is selected working in certain impact pathways Moor House further detail should be circumstances within the Upper provided regarding the AONB Teesdale specific location of new SAC working within the North Namurian rock outcrop. Pennine Dales Meadows SAC

C: Do not provide locational No This option will not steer new North This option increases the guidance working away from designated Pennine risk of likely significant sites, therefore there is an Moors SAC effects to European increased risk of direct effects North protected sites compared to sites including through Pennine to both Options A and B. direct land take. Moors SPA However, if this option is Moor House selected further detail Upper should be provided Teesdale regarding the specific SAC location of new working North within the Namurian rock Pennine outcrop. Dales Meadows SAC

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 129 Next Steps 5

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 130 Next Steps 5

5 Next Steps

5.0.1 The screening assessment for likely significant effects to relevant European Protected sites has been undertaken at a high level, given that no information on housing, employment or retail allocations and any associated infrastructure to support these has been identified at this stage of Plan development. This has necessitated a precautionary approach at this stage of the HRA process. Where options have been subject to screening it has however been possible to determine those that are considered likely to either minimise the risk of likely significant effects occurring or reduce the potential magnitude of such.

5.0.2 Regardless of which options are selected, further information, particularly in relation to site allocations will be required to inform a more robust screening assessment of likely significant effects. Additional screening assessments will take into account any additive in-combination effects and mitigating measures. This initial report has determined that the following impact pathways are likely to require further consideration and assessment:

Table 51 Impact Pathways requiring further Consideration / Assessment

Site Impact Pathway

Durham Changes to hydrology in the event that increased housing requires groundwater extraction Coast SAC Potential for new development to contribute to coastal squeeze and reduce opportunity for natural retreat of habitat

Potential for inappropriate planting linked to new development to cause the spread of invasive species

Increased recreational pressure on vegetation

Northumbria Potential for new development to contribute to coastal squeeze and reduce opportunity Coast for natural retreat of habitat required by qualifying species SPA/Ramsar and Potential loss of functional land to new development e.g. High tide roosting areas Teesmouth and Increased recreational pressure and disturbance on qualifying species Cleveland Potential for increased levels of predation from domestic cats Coast SPA and Ramsar

Castle Eden Potential for inappropriate planting linked to new development to cause the spread of Dene SAC invasive species

Potential for run off from new development to cause erosion

Thrislington Increased traffic and potential changes to existing minerals practice to impact upon air SAC quality and associated deposition levels

Increased recreational pressure on vegetation

North Increased traffic and potential new minerals working to impact upon air quality and Pennine associated deposition levels to qualifying habitat Moors SAC, North Impact of new minerals working and any allocated housing sites or other development Pennine that require alternative wastewater disposal methods on water quality

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 131 5 Next Steps

Site Impact Pathway

Moors SPA Impact of new minerals working and any allocated housing sites or other development and Moor that require their own water supply on hydrology House Upper Teesdale Impact of new minerals working on land take and loss of functional land for qualifying SAC species

Potential for increased levels of predation from domestic cats

Potential for inappropriate planting linked to new development to cause the spread of invasive species

Increased recreational pressure on vegetation

Increased disturbance to qualifying species potentially as a result of both increased populations, tourism and minerals wroking

North Increased traffic and potential new minerals working to impact upon air quality and Pennine associated deposition levels to qualifying habitat Dales Meadows Impact of new minerals working and any allocated housing sites or other development SAC that require alternative wastewater disposal methods on water quality

Impact of new minerals working and any allocated housing sites or other development that require their own water supply on hydrology

Impact of new minerals working on land take and loss of functional land for qualifying species

Question 35

Are there any further impact pathways that should be considered further?

132 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Component SSSI's and Condition Status A

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 133 134 A Interim

A Component SSSI's and Condition Status Component

Table 52 Component SSSI's and Condition Status

Habitats

Natura 2000 Component SSSI % Area % Area % Area % % Area % Area Improvement

Site meeting favourable unfavourable unfavourable unfavourable destroyed/part / Decline from PSA recovering no change declining destroyed 2013 Status SSSI's

Regulations target (Green =

Improvement, and Red = Decline,

Condition No Fill = No

Assessment change)

North Allendale Moors 100 19.87 80.17 0 0 0 Status Pennine Moors Appleby Fells 99.53 7.59 91.94 0.47 0 0 of SAC/SPA

Arkengarthdale, 93.62 19.38 74.24 6.38 0 0 the Gunnerside and Reeth

County Moors

Bowes Moor 100 0 100 0 0 0

Durham Cotherstone Moor 100 17.67 82.33 0 0 0

Lune Forest 100 11.54 88.46 0 0 0

Plan: Mallerstand-Swaledale 98.32 10.47 87.85 1.68 0 0 Head

Issues Moorhouse and Cross Fell 97.32 5.14 92.18 0 2.68 0

Muggleswick, Stanhope 100 4.44 95.56 0 0 0

and Edumnbyers and

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Natura 2000 Component SSSI % Area % Area % Area % % Area % Area Improvement Regulations Site meeting favourable unfavourable unfavourable unfavourable destroyed/part / Decline from PSA recovering no change declining destroyed 2013 Status target (Green = Improvement,

Red = Decline, Assessment

No Fill = No change)

Commons and Blanchland of Moor the Upper Teesdale 97.95 12.26 85.69 2.06 0 0

County Whitfield Moor, Plenmeller 100 17.66 82.34 0 0 0

and Asholme Commons Component

Durham Bollihope, Pikestone, 100 14.78 85.22 0 0 0 Eggleston and Woodland Fells

Plan:

Grains O'th' Beck 100 100 0 0 0 0 SSSI's

Foster's Hush 100 100 0 0 0 0

Issues

Hartley Cleugh 100 100 0 0 0 0 and

Condition

and Hexamshire Moors No record No record No record No record No record No record

Moor House Appleby Fells 99.53 7.59 91.94 0.47 0 0 Options Upper Teesdale Moorhouse and Cross Fell 97.32 5.14 92.18 0 2.68 0

SAC Status Upper Teesdale 97.95 12.26 85.69 2.06 0 0

2016 Cornriggs Meadows 100 100 0 0 0 0 135 A 136 A Interim

Natura 2000 Component SSSI % Area % Area % Area % % Area % Area Improvement Component Site meeting favourable unfavourable unfavourable unfavourable destroyed/part / Decline from

PSA recovering no change declining destroyed 2013 Status Habitats target (Green =

Improvement, SSSI's Red = Decline,

Regulations No Fill = No

change) and

Condition North Far High House Meadows 100 100 0 0 0 0

Assessment Pennine Dales Grains O 'th' Beck 100 100 0 0 0 0 Meadows

SAC Hannahs Meadow 100 100 0 0 0 0 Status Mere Beck Meadows 100 100 0 0 0 0 of

Middle Crossthwaite 100 100 0 0 0 0 the

Middle Side and Stoneygill 91.21 73.97 17.24 8.79 0 0 County Meadows

Rigg Farm and Stake Hill 100 0 100 0 0 0

Durham Meadows

West Park Meadows 100 100 0 0 0 0

White Ridge Meadows 0 0 0 100 0 0 Plan:

Castle Eden Castle Eden Dene 100 6.79 93.21 0 0 0

Issues Dene SAC

Teesmouth Cowpen Marsh 100 0 100 0 0 0 and and Durham Coast 100 61.92 38.08 0 0 0

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Natura 2000 Component SSSI % Area % Area % Area % % Area % Area Improvement Regulations Site meeting favourable unfavourable unfavourable unfavourable destroyed/part / Decline from PSA recovering no change declining destroyed 2013 Status target (Green = Improvement,

Red = Decline, Assessment

No Fill = No change)

Cleveland Seal Sands 85.74 3.31 82.43 9.91 0 4.34 of Coast SPA the Seaton Dunes and 52.46 38.54 13.92 47.54 0 0 Common

County South Gare and Coatham 100 23.95 76.05 0 0 0

Sands Component

Durham Tees and Hartlepool 58.85 53.85 0 0.05 46.10 0 Foreshore and Wetlands

Northumbria Durham Coast 100 61.92 38.08 0 0 0

Plan:

Coast SPA SSSI's

Durham Durham Coast 100 61.92 38.08 0 0 0

Issues

Coast SAC and Thrislington Thrislington Plantation 100 100 0 0 0 0

Condition

and SAC

Options (xxvii)

Status

2016

xxvii Source: Natural England - SSSI Condition Summary - Compiled 20th October 2015 137 A Review of other Plans/Projects B

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 138 Interim

Habitats

B Review of other Plans/Projects

Regulations Table 53 Review of other Plans/Projects

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Assessment Eden Adopted The document sets out the key planning policies which will determine The HRA screening report of the No District March 2010 the future development of Eden up until 2025. Development should: Core Strategy concludes that any Council likely effect on N2K sites have been Core Be located to minimise the need to travel and to encourage any avoided. Natural England have Strategy journeys that remain necessary to be possible by a variety of confirmed that appropriate Development sustainable transport modes. assessment was not required. of Plan Therefore the Eden District Council the Document Follow the sequential approach to land use; where practicable Core Strategy DPD does not need to 2010 - appropriate re-use, conversion or re-development of existing be considered for 'in combination'

County 2025 buildings including traditional farm buildings and previously effects alongside the emerging developed land within settlements, followed by suitable infill sites County Durham Plan. and only then the use of undeveloped land which is well located in relation to services and infrastructure.

Durham Contribute towards the creation of locally distinctive, aesthetically pleasing, sustainable, healthy, active, empowered, inclusive and vibrant communities. Review

Plan: Make appropriate provision of services, facilities and infrastructure to meet its own needs consistent with other plan policies.

Issues of Contribute to raising the hopes, aspirations and achievement of

young people and adults. other and Be constructed and operated using a minimum amount of

non-renewable resources, minimising the generation of waste and Plans/Projects

Options prudent use of water.

Be designed to a high standard consistent with Policy CS18.

Maintain and enhance the District‟s environmental, cultural and 2016 heritage resources, improving their understanding, appreciation and sustainable use. 139 B 140 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

Contribute to reducing the causes of climate change and flood risk of

and respond by adaptation to those impacts that are unavoidable. other

Contribute towards a strong, stable and more diverse economy. Regulations

Plans/Projects Avoid adverse effects on European ecological sites (Natura 2000 sites).

Reflect and enhance landscape character having regard to the sensitivity of the Eden Valley, the North Pennines AONB, the Lake

Assessment District National Park, and their settings.

The Locational Strategy (CS2) states that new development will be focused as set out below:

Key Service Centre – Penrith: sustained development appropriate

to that of a large town. of the Regenerating the town centre and encouraging redevelopment of important brownfield sites; provision of strategic employment land;

County provision of new housing; upgrading links to the strategic road network; improving the public transport system; the location for any large scale individual developments.

Durham Key Service Centres – Alston, Appleby and Kirkby Stephen: moderate development appropriate to the scale of the town but including new housing, provision of employment, improvements to accessibility.

Plan: Local Service Centres: small scale development to sustain local services, support rural businesses and meet local needs, including

Issues housing, provision of employment and improvements to accessibility. and

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Smaller Villages, Hamlets and Open Countryside: development limited to meeting an identified need. In all cases the scale and nature of the development should take into account the capacity of

essential infrastructure and should respect the character of the town Assessment or village concerned.

Rural settlements and the rural areas will be sustained by:

Identifying opportunities for the provision of rural exceptions affordable housing where there is a local need proven by an

of up-to-date housing needs survey. the Supporting the retention of local community facilities and

County encouraging the provision of necessary new facilities.

Supporting rural transport initiatives that improve accessibility.

Durham Supporting a sustainable agricultural industry including the facilitation of appropriate rural economic diversification.

Ensuring new development respects and reinforces the character Review

of the wider landscape and the special character and sense of place Plan: of villages and hamlets.

Protecting the open countryside from inappropriate development. Issues of

Development should accord with the principles of protection and other enhancement of the natural environment of the District, including

and landscape, biodiversity and geodiversity and especially those areas

designated as being of international, national and local importance. Plans/Projects

Options To further protect the natural environment within the District as a whole:

The relationship between development and the natural

2016 environment will be managed to minimise the risk of environmental damage. 141 B 142 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

Loss of the best and most versatile agricultural land will be of

avoided. other The re-creation and restoration of traditional habitats will be

encouraged and existing wildlife and habitats such as hedges, Regulations

ponds, woodlands, ancient woodlands, wetlands and species Plans/Projects rich grasslands will be protected and enhanced.

Where possible, developments will be expected to include suitable measures to contribute positively to overall biodiversity in the District or to mitigate harm caused by the development.

Assessment Areas of open space and unbuilt frontages within towns and villages will be protected and enhanced where they are important to the character and amenity of the area.

Promote improvements in accessibility to the natural environment for all people regardless of disability, age, gender or ethnicity. of the Development should reflect and where possible enhance local landscape character.

County Renewable energy proposals will be supported where there are no significant unacceptable effects which cannot be mitigated or are not outweighed by the national and regional need for renewable

Durham energy development or the wider environmental, social and economic benefits that the scheme may bring.

Schemes need to consider impacts on the following;

Plan: Landscape character(particularly in and around the North Pennines AONB and the LDNP).

Issues Local amenity. Habitat and species. Farming and land based industries.

The local transport network. and Connections to the electricity distribution network.

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Eden Published This sets out Eden District Council's preferred sites for new house HRA of the policy document identified No Housing February building, together with some supporting planning policies. A revised no significant or 'in combination' Preferred 2013 for list of Local Service Centres is also included, where development effects of the proposed housing

Sites and consultation in rural areas is likely to be focused. It will help meet housing needs developments on the North Pennines Assessment Policies in the district and improve the quality of life for its residents. New Moors SPA or SAC. document housing is a foundation for economic growth. It provides more certainty to developers and the public on where new housing may be. Producing a clear plan on where new housing should be located allows the District Council to carry out an assessment of where the best sites for new housing may be located. of Eden Published The Employment Preferred Sites and Policies forms part of the Eden HRA of the policy document identified No the Employment July 2013 for Local Plan and will shape guidelines for employment developments no significant or 'in combination' Preferred consultation until 2025.It will provide greater detail and clarity to the overarching effects of the proposed housing

County Sites and framework that is identified in the Core Strategy and will allocate developments on the North Pennines Policies sites for employment in the Eden area outside of the Lake District Moors SPA or SAC. document National Park. This will ensure that future employment development meets local need and takes place in a planned way.

Durham

The Preferred Sites and Policies document details the Councils suggested sites where employment could be located in the district

over the next 12 years. It also includes a number of policies which Review

Plan: will be used to determine planning applications for employment development.

Issues of

Eden Local Submitted for The Plan covers Eden District excluding the area in the Lake District Eden shares the North Pennines No Plan examination National Park. Specific land allocations are made to the four main Moors SAC and SPA and the North other 2014-32 in December towns of Penrith, Alston, Appleby and Kirkby Stephen. The Plan Pennines Dales Meadows SAC with and Submission 2015 covers the period 2014 to 2032. County Durham. HRA suggests there

Draft are no allocations within 5km of these Plans/Projects

Options It provides a clear planning framework to enable Eden District sites and it is not considered that any Council to get on and deliver the vision and objectives unique 'in combination' effects would occur. to its area. It indicates what sort of new development will be acceptable

in Eden, and where planning permission will (and will not) be 2016 granted. 143 B 144 B Interim

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Habitats

It provides certainty for developers and utility providers (and of

others investing in an area) on the best areas to focus. other It helps partner organisations deliver their own priorities.

It attracts more funding and investment, both from the private Regulations

sector and also to the Council through infrastructure Plans/Projects investment, developer contributions, growth funding and New Homes bonus, allowing it to invest more in the future of Eden’s communities.

The main proposals are:

Assessment 3,600 new homes over the next 18 years, around half of which will be in Penrith. New policies to encourage affordable and self-build properties in Eden’s smaller villages. 24.38 hectares of new employment land, plus support for

longer term growth at Newton Rigg college at Penrith. of the Cumbria Adopted July Eden District Council, Cumbria County Council and the local The SPD recommends that No Wind 2007 planning authorities in Allerdale, Carlisle, Copeland, South Lakeland appropriate assessments are made

County Energy and the Lake District National Park have produced guidance to help in relation to the individual and Supplementary decide where wind farms might be built. cumulative impacts of wind energy Planning developments on European Sites. Document It recommends that for international sites, and features that they

Durham support, new schemes need to demonstrate that they will not Therefore there is unlikely to be any adversely affect their conservation value: ‘in combination' adverse impact on any Natura 2000 sites as a result of Schemes should not cause harm to habitats and species outside a the guidance contained within this

Plan: designated site that may adversely affect the integrity of a site, or SPD and the emerging Plan. cause a significant decline in the size, distribution, structure or function of a population of a species for which a site was designated.

Issues In accordance with the Habitats Regulations an assessment needs to be carried out for each new development to determine if it would have a likely significant effect, alone or in combination with other plans or projects, on sites or features associated with an international and

Options

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Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

designation. If likely significant effect is determined developers are expected to provide relevant information to the Local Planning Authority to enable it to carry out an Appropriate Assessment.

Assessment This guidance does not seek to set buffer zones around international or national designations. However, developments proposed close to the boundaries of these designations will need to assess their effects on them.

Mitigation of such new wind energy schemes may also provide the

of opportunity to enhance existing habitats and create new ones to

support a range of species. These opportunities should be pursued the where possible and be guided by biodiversity targets in the NW

Regional Spatial Strategy and Cumbria BAP. County

Cumbria Adopted April The document sets out the County Council's policies for minerals The locations for development No

Minerals 2009 and waste management developments up until 2020 and relates to proposed and the caveats placed Durham and Waste those parts of Cumbria that are outside the Lake District and within Policy 4 should ensure no Development Yorkshire Dales National Parks. adverse 'in combination' effects with Framework the emerging Plan.

Core Policy 7 in relation to strategic areas for new development states: Review

Plan: Strategy The Carlisle and the Workington/ Whitehaven area in the north, and the Barrow In Furness and Kendal areas in the south are identified

Issues as the strategic locations for major new Mechanical and Biological of

Treatment plants or transfer stations and the Penrith area for a other transfer station for the Municipal Waste Management Strategy's

preferred solution for managing municipal waste. and

Plans/Projects The Kirkby Thore/ Long Marton area is identified as the only location

Options for further supplies of gypsum. Land next to High Greenscoe Quarry is identified as the only location for further supplies of mudstones for the Askam in Furness brickworks. The igneous rocks near Ghyll Scaul Quarry are identified as the only location for further supplies

2016 of Nationally important very high specification roadstone. 145 B 146 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

For future landfill capacity existing landfill facilities should be the of

first ones to be considered for additional capacity. other

Policy 4 in relation to environmental assets states: Regulations

Plans/Projects Minerals and waste management development should aim to:

Protect, maintain and enhance overall quality of life and the natural, historic and other distinctive features that contribute to the environment and of Cumbria to the character of its

Assessment landscapes and places. Improve the settings of the features. Improve the linkages between them and buffer zones around them where this is appropriate. Realise the opportunities for expanding and increasing environmental resources, including adapting and mitigation

for climate change. of Planning application proposals within areas identified to be the of international or national importance must demonstrate that they comply with relevant national policy.

County

Durham

Plan:

Issues and

Options

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Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Cumbria Adopted April The purpose of the document is to provide guidance to the public Document compliments Core No Minerals 2009 and to mineral and waste operators about the issues that will be Strategy in terms of measures to and Waste considered when planning applications for mineral working and ensure no adverse impact to Natura

Development waste management developments are submitted. They provide the 2000 sites. Therefore, their Assessment Framework detailed criteria needed to control and manage minerals and waste implementation should ensure no Generic developments, for example relating to individual environmental adverse 'in combination' effects with Development impacts and standards of design and environmental performance. the emerging Plan. Control Policies Core Strategy Policy 4 makes it clear that the development control policies will ensure that proposals demonstrate compliance with the

of statutory protection for internationally and nationally protected

features. Those of relevance are detailed below: the

Minerals and waste proposals must, where appropriate demonstrate County that:

Noise levels, blast vibration and air over pressure levels would

be within acceptable levels. Durham There will be no significant degradation of air quality from dust and emissions.

Considerations will include: Review

Plan:

Cumbria Adopted The policies and maps identify the sites and areas of land that the The Habitats Regulations No

Site County Council considers are needed for the working and Assessment of ED10 concludes that Issues of Allocations January 2011 safeguarding of minerals and for managing wastes over the period this site would not have impacts on

Policies to 2020. The policies apply to those areas of the county that are the River Eden SAC, North Pennine other and outside the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales National Parks. Moors SPA or Moor House-Upper

and Proposals Teesdale SAC.

Map The closest site allocations to County Durham that may have Plans/Projects

adverse impacts on Natura 2000 sites include: The Habitats Regulations Options Assessment of M18 concludes that, ED10 Crosscroft Industrial Estate, Appleby-in-Westmorland - This without mitigation measures for otter is the first preference site for an Household Waste Recycling Centre habitat and drainage this site could on an existing industrial estate. have impacts on the River Eden SAC

2016 147 B 148 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

M18 Stamphill, Long Marton, Appleby-in-Westmorland - This site but not the North Pennine Moors SPA of

would be intended as a replacement for Birkhead underground mine, and Moor House-Upper Teesdale other when that is worked out in around 15 years. The mine supplies SAC. gypsum to the nearby Kirkby Thore plaster and plaster board works,

Regulations

which is a major employer and supplies a national market. Gypsum Given the results of the HRA it can Plans/Projects would be taken to the works by conveyor, not by lorries. be concluded that minerals and waste development in Cumbria is unlikely to have an adverse 'in combination' effect with the emerging Plan.

Assessment

Moving Strategy The 3rd Local Transport Plan for Cumbria is a statutory document The main focus for the Local No Cumbria adopted 2011 that sets out how roads, footways, cycleways, rights of way and bus Transport Plan in the Eden Area is Forward, and train services in Cumbria will be improved and managed. The to support the growth of Penrith. As Cumbria Plan contains a strategy for the next 15 years, 2011 to 2026, the such it is unlikely that the Plan will Transport policies to implement the strategy and a rolling programme of have an adverse 'in combination' of Plan implementation plans showing where funding will be directed. impact on Natura 2000 sites with the

2011-2026 emerging Plan. It is also unlikely that the The key priorities for transport in Cumbria are as follows: the Local Transport Plan will

County contribute to increased traffic from The maintenance of Cumbria's roads, pavement, paths and Eden District on the A66 into County cycleways. Durham as it aims to support access Making sure our strategic road links are able to support the to jobs and services within Eden

District for rural communities. Durham Cumbrian economy. Maximising the benefits of the county rail network. Using smartcard technology to reduce barriers to people using passenger transport.

Plan: Maximising the potential of the Port of Workington to support the Energy Coast to reduce emissions from road transport. Enabling more people walking and cycling to school and to

Issues work.

In terms of transport plans for Eden District which may contribute to 'in combination' effects alongside the emerging Plan, the following and is stated:

Options

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Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

The key priority for transport in Eden is to strengthen the role of Penrith as a service centre in line with the LDF; supporting housing and employment growth, and the economic priorities of Eden and

South Lakeland Forward, including high quality business parks with Assessment good access to transport. A key employment area is at Gilevilly to the north of Penrith. The priority in the rural areas will be to improve access to jobs and services, through working closely with local communities. Upper Eden is one of the four 'Big Society' pilot areas announced by the government. This will have implications for the approach in the main three areas around, Kirkby Stephen, Appleby,

of and Crosby Ravensworth. We will work with the rial industry to sustain the importance of the Settle to Carlisle railway. the

County Yorkshire Adopted in Saved Policies include: In consideration of the modest size No Dales April, 2006 and location of development – as well National although A general policy to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife as the policy protection of protected Park policies species and designated conservation and cultural heritage of the National Park. Development will not be Durham Authority ‘saved' in permitted that prejudices those purposes unless it can be sites it is not considered that there Saved March 2009 demonstrated that there is an overriding need for the development are likely to be any adverse ‘in Local Plan and that any harm can be mitigated. combination’ impacts to relevant

Policies Natura 2000 sites as a result of the Review

Plan: Major development will not be permitted in the National Park save implementation of 'saved policies' in exceptional circumstances. alongside the emerging Plan.

Issues Within the housing development boundaries of Hawes/ Gayle, Reeth, of

Grassington and Sedbergh, as defined on the proposals map, new other build housing will be permitted. Housing development will also be

permitted. Within the boundaries of the service villages listed and and

in those parts of Settle, Giggleswick and Ingleton within the National Plans/Projects Park. Outside settlements listed in policies H1 and H2 new build

Options housing will only be permitted where it can be demonstrated that it is essential to house a full-time worker in a rural-based enterprise.

2016 149 B 150 B Interim

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Habitats

Land is allocated for new employment uses within Hawes, Sedbergh, of

Reeth (B1 uses only), Threshfield Quarry, Horton in Ribblesdale other and Askrigg. The development of land for new small-scale employment uses will be permitted if certain criteria is met.

Regulations

Plans/Projects Small-scale renewable energy developments to meet local energy needs will be permitted if it does not adversely affect the character of the landscape, settlements or buildings either individually or as a consequence of a cumulative impact, or does not adversely affect the nature conservation value, the archaeological interest, residential

Assessment or recreational amenity of the surrounding area.

Development that is likely to adversely affect, directly or indirectly, the special nature conservation interest of designated or proposed sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs) will not be permitted unless certain criteria are met. There are similar policies in relation to the protection of sites of nature conservation importance and of internationally and nationally protected species. The creation of new

the habitats will be supported.

County Other than certificated sites, the establishment of new sites for touring caravans will not be permitted.

New sites for static caravans, for multiple or single units, will not be

Durham permitted.

New wooden chalets will only be permitted as replacements for existing established static caravan sites where they are satisfactorily

screened in the landscape. Plan:

Development will be assessed to ensure that the physical and

environmental capacity of the roads that would serve them are Issues adequate for the traffic likely to be generated. and

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Yorkshire Adopted The Local Plan establishes a comprehensive set of land use policies In consideration of the nature of No Dales to guide and control minerals and waste disposal development within development permitted by the Local October the National Park and to provide a basis for determining planning Plan policies and the strong

applications. The Local Plan includes the following policies: protection of the natural environment

Assessment National 1998, Park that the polices provide, no ‘in ‘Saved Other than in exceptional circumstances, quarrying to produce combination’ adverse impact on any Authority Policies’ crushed rock for aggregates from new sites will not be permitted. Natura 2000 sites as a result of the implementation of the 'saved policies' Minerals September, Extensions to existing quarries will only be permitted where they and the emerging Plan are likely to and Waste would result in overall benefits, e.g. to the environment or residential occur. of Local Plan 2007 amenity. Proposals for the quarrying of building stone or roofing

slates for use within the National park or adjacent areas will be

the (Saved Policies) supported where the scale of quarrying is appropriate to service the

local market and will not damage the environment and residential County amenity. Yorkshire Published The specific purpose of the HDP is to increase the supply of locally In consideration of the location and No Dales June 2012 affordable housing within the YDNP through the identification, scale of housing development

Durham National release and development of land up to 2026. The HDP was proposed in the Housing Park developed before the Core Strategy as the provision of additional Development Plan, no ‘in Authority housing for local needs is considered a priority. combination’ adverse impact on any Housing Natura 2000 sites as a result of this Development strategy and the emerging Plan are Review

Based on density assumptions, the document states that around Plan: Plan 230 additional dwellings would be created. Affordable housing considered likely. coming forward from rural exceptions schemes, negotiated windfall

sites or the re use of existing stock, would be additional to this figure.

Issues of

The majority of housing development would take place in designated other Local Service Centres which are the larger towns within the YDNP

and and commonly provide key services and act as hubs for tourism,

jobs and business activity, with good public transport links to towns Plans/Projects

adjacent, but outside of the National Park and would include of Options Hawes, Grassington, Ingleton, Reeth, Sedbergh and Settle.

Outside of the Local Service Centres, designated Service Villages are expected to accommodate very limited (largely infill

2016 development) whilst Small Settlements are not expected to take any development. 151 B 152 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

Yorkshire Submitted for The Yorkshire Dales Local Plan 2015 to 2030 is a strategy for new Having completed the Screening No of

Dales examination development in the National Park. It sets out local policy to steer Assessment of the Local Plan, the other National January 2016 development decisions and guide planning applications. It will Yorkshire Dales National Park Park replace the existing Yorkshire Dales Local Plan 2006, Housing Authority (YDNPA) has concluded

Regulations

Authority Development Plan 2012 and the Minerals and Waste Local Plan that the plan would not be likely to Plans/Projects Local Plan 1998 as the statutory development plan for the National Park. have a significant effect on any European Site (ES), either alone or This is a Plan for more development over the next 15 years than in combination with any other plans the last 15. It will permit new building and the change of use of land or projects. Natural England are and buildings that will support people living and working in the area. supportive of this conclusion and

therefore it is not considered Assessment It is also intended to encourage new families and new businesses to move into the area to help sustain local communities. It continues necessary to consider the Yorkshire a long-term strategy of focusing new development in towns, villages, Dales NPA Local Authority Plan in farmsteads and rural estates and attempts to make better use of combination with the emerging Plan. existing assets, such as the large supply of under-used traditional farm buildings. It also encourages specific new development such as a widening in the range of visitor accommodation to increase

of overnight stays. It provides a flexible approach to facilities to

encourage a more rounded visitor experience to keep people the returning and to attract new visitors.

County

Richmondshire Adopted The Local Plan Core Strategy is an important vehicle for the As growth will be restricted in the No District December coordination and delivery of several related strategies across the North Richmondshire area and no

Council 2014 plan area - including Community Strategies, the County Council’s employment locations are proposed Durham Local Plan Local Transport Plan and School Organisation Plan, health bodies’ in proximity to the A66 it is unlikely Core strategies and the Highways Agency’s programme. Central to these that Richmondshire District Council's Strategy is the Richmondshire Sustainable Community Strategy 2010-2015, Core Strategy will have an impact prepared by the Richmondshire Local Strategic Partnership. The upon Natura 2000 sites within County

Plan: Community Strategy guides activities to promote the economic, Durham. The HRA screening report social and environmental wellbeing of the area and improve the of Richmondshire District's Core quality of life for everyone in this rural area. It focuses on: Strategy does not identify any

Issues potential impacts on Natura 2000 Affordable housing. sites in relation to the strategy Facilities for young people. proposed for the North Richmondshire sub area. For these

and Community safety. reasons, it is considered that 'in

Options

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Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Local access to public services. combination' adverse impacts with Quality of the environment. the emerging County Durham Plan are unlikely.

Assessment Richmondshire has many local growth issues in common with its neighbouring districts. The introduction of York, North Yorkshire and East Riding Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP) has created a strong focus on the key drivers to change and the resources required to secure them. This is captured in the LEP’s 5 priorities:

Profitable and ambitious small and micro businesses. of A global leader in food manufacturing, agri-tech and

the biorenewables. Inspired people.

County Successful and distinctive places. A well connected economy.

North Planned The Minerals and Waste Joint Plan will, once finalised, set out new In relation to relevant Natural 2000 No Durham Yorkshire publication in planning policies for minerals and waste developments across all sites, The HRA of the Plan identifies County June 2016 three areas which will guide decisions on planning applications up potential for significant effects to the Council, and adoption to 2030.The minerals and waste joint plan is intended to deal with North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA

City of York in March key questions about future development such as: as a result of continued extraction of Review

Plan: Council and 2017. Where should future minerals and waste development be silica sand from the adjacent the North Preferred directed. Blubberhouse Quarry. However, the York Moors Options When should future development take place. quarry is currently subject to a project

Issues National Consultation What sort of development should take place and how should level appropriate assessment and the of Park November Policy stipulates that the continued

it be implemented. other Authority 2015 extraction of Silica Sand from the Minerals quarry will only be permitted subject and and Waste to the satisfactory outcome of the

Joint Plan appropriate assessment. This is the Plans/Projects

Options only site that has been identified as having the potential for adverse effects to those Natura 2000 sites under consideration in this HRA. Accordingly, it is not considered that

2016 this Plan needs to be considered 153 B 154 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

in-combination with the emerging of

Plan. other

North Published for Based on the evidence collected annually, and data from census The HRA of this plan identifies that No

Regulations

Yorkshire Consultation and from our consultation responses, the County Council have road schemes and in particular Plans/Projects County Autumn 2015 decided to adopt the Objectives as set out below: improvements to the A59 could Council Economic Growth - Contributing to economic growth by potentially affect the North Pennine Local delivering reliable and efficient transport networks and Moors SAC through run off, land take Transport services. or hydrological impacts. However, as Plan 4 Environment and Climate Change - Managing the adverse the area of SAC that could potentially

2016 – be affected by improvements to the Assessment impact of transport on the environment. 2045 Road Safety - Improving road and transport safety. A59 is not geographically linked to areas of the same SAC within County Access to Services - Improving equality of opportunity by Durham there is no potential for facilitating access to services. adverse in combination effects Healthier Travel - Promoting healthier travel opportunities.

of Darlington Adopted May The DBC Core Strategy sets out how the Borough will develop over Development within Darlington is No

Borough 2011 the next fifteen years (2011-2026). The policies are summarised as unlikely to contribute to 'in the Council follows: combination' adverse impacts on

Core New development and regeneration activity in the Borough Natura 2000 sites under County Strategy will be concentrated on sustainable locations within the main consideration. The main link between Development urban area. Darlington and Durham is commuting Plan Priority will be given to delivery in strategic locations, including to and from Barnard Castle and

Document the town centre, Central Park, the town centre fringe and Newton Aycliffe. Increased growth in Durham employment and airport-related uses in the DurhamTeesValley Darlington may increase levels of area. These areas will accommodate the majority of commuting between Darlington and development, although development within the limits of the Barnard Castle/ Newton Aycliffe but Borough’s villages, will be supported where the vitality and this would not take place on roads

Plan: viability of the village, its services or the rural economy will connected to Natura 2000 sites. An be supported, particularly in the larger villages of Hurworth/ increase in growth in Darlington may Hurworth Place, Middleton St. George and Heighington. also increase northbound traffic on

Issues The loss of any part of the green infrastructure network will the A1(M). However, the A1(M) is only be considered in exceptional circumstances. over 200 metres from Thrislington The development of renewable energy schemes, including SAC (the accepted distance over which roadside air emissions are not

microgeneration, together with any ancillary buildings and and infrastructure, will be supported and considered in the context considered to cause adverse impact to Natura 2000 sites). Furthermore,

Options

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Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

of sustainable development and climate change. Significant development in Darlington is more weight will be given to the wider environmental, economic than 30km from the nearest County and social benefits arising from renewable energy schemes Durham Natura 2000 sites.

whilst considering the anticipated effects, individually and Therefore, any increase in Assessment cumulatively, upon the surrounding natural, built, historic and recreational pressure is unlikely to be cultural landscape and townscape including buildings, significant. Development would also features, habitats and species of national and local take place importance, amongst other issues. A continuous and diverse supply of employment land to meet downstream of SAC's. the needs of existing and future economic development will

of be provided in appropriate locations. Provision will be made Darlington Borough Council's Core

for up to 235ha of additional land for general and mixed use Strategy DPD will not therefore need the employment across the Borough. to be considered for 'in combination'

The focus and priority of provision will be: First priority, effects alongside the emerging Plan. County 2011-2021 a) Darlington town centre (office use) and Town Centre Fringe (mixed use) (about 17ha); b) Central Park (Mixed Use) (about 10ha); Second priority, throughout the

plan period c) Faverdale (Business, Industrial and Logistics) Durham (about 50ha); d) Lingfield Area (Mixed Use) (about 15ha); e) Morton Palms Business Park Area (Prestige Office Development) (about 11ha); and f) DurhamTeesValley Airport

(airport related) (about 20ha) and general employment (about Review

Plan: 5ha). The focus of other general and mixed use sites (up to 107ha) contributing to the employment land supply, throughout the plan period, will be on suitable previously developed sites

Issues

in sustainable locations within the Rest of Urban Area. of

A sustainable, vibrant tourism and cultural sector will be other promoted and enhanced for the benefit of the local economy, community and visitors including promoting appropriate nature and

and countryside-based tourism attractions which support visits to and enjoyment of the countryside and / or where they Plans/Projects

Options promote access to or use of heritage assets. The vitality and viability of Darlington town centre will be safeguarded and enhanced by protecting and promoting its role as the subregional centre for the western part of the Tees

Valley City Region and neighbouring parts of North Yorkshire 2016 155 B 156 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

and south and west Durham, including its role as a market of

town. other A total of 5,813 net additional dwellings are to be provided

from April 2011 to 2026. Regulations

The protection, restoration, extension and management of Plans/Projects the Borough's biodiversity and geological network will be delivered to help achieve the target level of priority habitats and species set out in the UK Durham Biodiversity Action Plan. Green infrastructure will be protected, and where appropriate, enhanced.

Assessment Darlington Between The Making Places DPD identifies new sites for housing, This document will be formally No Borough June and employment, shops, open space, sports facilities and other withdrawn Council August 2013 infrastructure as well as identifying those unique parts of the Borough Making the Council that will be protected from new development. It sets out where new Places consulted on housing, around 5800 as identified in the Core Strategy, should be Development the Making & built in Darlington up until 2026. Additional land capable of delivering of Plan Growing 5% more homes than needed (6,200 homes in total across the

the Document Places Borough) is also required to provide flexibility and choice in land (MGP) supply, and ensure enough housing is built when the market

County Preferred recovers. Development limits for the urban area and all the villages Options are also be identified. It sets out detailed planning policies that will Development help assess planning applications. Plan

Document Durham and between May and July 2014 on a Revised

Plan: Preferred Options for housing sites

Issues across the Borough. Policy yet to be adopted. and

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Darlington Covers the Darlington Borough Council's third local transport plan identifies There is a lack of detail within the No Borough period 2011 that the plan needs to address the following: LTP3 regarding transport schemes Council to 2026 in that will be undertaken in the

Third Local line with the Borough. However, the HRA

Assessment The Plan needs to focus on supporting economic growth, whilst Transport Core addressing other local priorities such as climate change and health. undertaken concludes that there will Plan Strategy Continue with the three pronged approach to tackle congestion. be no likely significant effect on the Build on the success of Local Motion and the Cycling Demonstration integrity of any Natura 2000 sites Town Project. Further improve travel for disabled people and find arising through the adoption of new ways to provide transport through partnerships. The following Darlington's Third Local Transport outcomes of the LTP are set as follows: Plan. However, it is recommended

of that potential impacts should be investigated on subsequent individual Everyone is able to enjoy the Borough's prosperity by the providing and maintaining a reliable, predictable, efficient and significant transport schemes.

affordable network. County Everyone can play their part in reducing the impact of transport For this reason and the fact that any on the environment and its contribution to climate change. increase in traffic growth and People live long, healthy and active lives, travelling safely and potential improvements to roads from

making active travel choices. Darlington into Durham will be on Durham Everyone in Darlington can maximise their life chances by roads not connected to Natura 2000 being able to access services, activities and facilities. sites and an increase in patronage on the Bishop Line will not impact on People in Darlington enjoy a positive journey experience on

sites it is considered that DBC's LTP3 Review an attractive green and sustainable transport system.

Plan: does not need to be considered for 'in combination' impacts alongside the emerging Plan.

Issues of

Stockton-on-Tees Adopted Sets out Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council’s overarching policies Consideration to potential No other Borough March 2010 for how the Borough will develop over the next 15 years, to 2026. in-combination effects resulting from and Council traffic growth utilising the A19 and

Core The Council has decided to focus development in the most associated air quality impacts to Plans/Projects

Options Strategy sustainable location, the Core Area, which includes Stockton Town Castle Eden Dene SAC has been Centre and the riverside area from Bowesfield to the boundary with given. However, air pollution is not Middlesbrough. The supporting roles of Billingham, Thornaby and identified as a threat to the SSSI Yarm are also recognised. By concentrating on regeneration of the condition for either of the SSSI units

urban area, together with the protection and enhancement of the closest to the A19 and as critical 2016 rural fringes and important areas of open space between and within thresholds have already been settlements. In general terms, the Core Strategy will provide for: exceeded, further traffic is not likely 157 B 158 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

An additional 9,000 to 11,000 new homes. to make a significant increase. of

Particularly, as only as small other Employment provision to include: percentage of the 5km site is within 200 metres of the A19.

Regulations

Mixed use development on key regeneration sites in the core Plans/Projects urban area. Utilising undeveloped land on existing industrial estates. Uses related to the chemical cluster at Billingham and Seal Sands.

Assessment Stockton-on-Tees Published The Regeneration and Environment Local Plan is the Council’s plan The HRA of this document identifies No Borough February for the future development of the Borough of Stockton–on-Tees. It potential for adverse effects to Council 2015 and to sets out the Council’s policies on a wide range of topics and will be Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast Regeneration be submitted used to determine applications for planning permission for the next SPA as a result of increased and for 15 years. It includes site allocations and policies on: populations and recreational pressure Environment examination and Castle Eden Dene SAC as a

Local Plan The Spatial Strategy for the whole Borough. result of increased traffic on the A19 of (Feb 2015) Sustainable Transport. and air quality. However in respect the Sustainable Living. of each the HRA goes on to say: The proposed new housing The Economy. County allocations provide only a Town Centres. minor increase in population Provision of Facilities. above the existing Borough Housing. total and only two site

Durham Environmental Protection and Enhancement. allocation, providing 70 The Historic Environment. dwellings are located within 5miles of the most accessible The RELP will: parts of the coastal area of the

SPA. Plan: As the A19 is a key route Set out the new spatial strategy for housing and allocate sites through the Borough there is that will deliver this new housing strategy.

potential for the housing Issues Include site specific allocations and development policies allocations as a whole to result relating to employment, retail, renewable energy development, in a cumulative impact on mixed use developments, transport, regeneration, the natural, traffic growth on the A19, with and

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

built and historic environments and open space, sport and a resulting increase in air recreation. pollution. However this Identify and designate non site-specific designations relating increase in air pollution would

to Green Wedge, Limits to Development and Character Areas. be minor in comparison to Assessment existing levels of pollution from the road use. In

addition, while the western boundary of Castle Eden Dene SAC lies within 200m of the

of A19 and could be subject to

the localised increase in air the pollution, the SAC is narrow

and is approximately 5km in County length, extending in an eastern direction away from the A19. Therefore,

Durham only a very small percentage of the SAC would be subject to a slight increase in air pollution

and the adverse effect on the Review

Plan: SAC is considered to be de minimis.

Issues of

Stockton on Adopted The overall implementation strategy sets out the following The type of measures set out in the No other Tees March 2011 interventions: LTP3 are not likely to contribute to 'in

Borough Traffic calming, 20mph Zones. combination' adverse impacts on and

Council Natura 2000 sites (i.e. No major Implementation of Speed Indication Devices (SIDs). Plans/Projects Local infrastructure projects are proposed).

Road safety education and awareness campaigns. Options Transport School Safety Zones, Speed Limit Reductions. Plan 2011-2016 Junction alterations. (LTP3) New/ improved crossing facilities.

New/ improved footpaths and cycleways. 2016 New/ improved crossing facilities. 159 B 160 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

New/ improved Cycle parking facilities. of

Smarter Choices Campaigns. other Promotion of Sustainable Modes.

Regulations New Bus Stop Shelters.

New“Low Floor” Bus Stops. Plans/Projects Pedestrian facilities in the proximity of public transport stops/interchanges. Improved Information (including Real Time). Improved security.

Assessment Improvements to Rail Stations/ Halts including Tees Metro. New bus lanes. Bus priority at junctions. Improved integration with other modes. Highway Maintenance. Street Lighting Maintenance,Replacements & Improvements.

of Bridge Assessments & Strengthening. the Hartlepool Adopted April The Hartlepool Local Plan has four main functions: Strategic housing sites at Wynyard, Yes - recreational pressure to

County Borough 2006. New Claxton, Brierton and Elwick may Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast Council plan being As part of the development plan for Hartlepool, it shows increase traffic growth on the A19 SPA, Durham Coast SAC and Local Plan prepared precisely on a map base the areas of land indicated in the along with prestige employment sites Northumbria Coast SPA. 2006 structure plan as locations for major development or subject at Wynyard Business Park and

to specific policies. Northburn potentially leading to 'in Durham It provides guidance for the control of development by defining combination' adverse impacts on precise policies on land uses and on selected matters of Castle Eden Dene SAC in terms of design so that potential applicants for planning permission deterioration of air quality. However, are aware of the planning requirements for the locality. air pollution is not identified as a

Plan: It promotes and provides guidance for regeneration and other threat to the SSSI condition for either investment opportunities and enables other ‘planning’ bodies of the SSSI units closest to the A19 to phase, service and market sites based on known criteria and as critical thresholds have

Issues of land availability. Financial resources can then be targeted already been exceeded, further traffic more effectively. is not likely to make a significant It brings local and detailed issues to the attention of the public increase. Particularly, as only as small percentage of the 5km site is so that there is full involvement in the discussion, and input and to, planning the future of the Borough. within 200 metres of the A19.

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

A 2015 review of the above plan has been triggered due to the Specialist industrial sites at previously agreed timetable slipping and the need to produce an Hartlepool docks, housing and major accurate timetable for the Local Plan preparation, working towards leisure and tourism developments on

meeting the Government requirement to produce a Local Plan by the Headland have the potential to Assessment early 2017. lead to 'in combination' adverse impacts in terms of levels of disturbance to Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA species, Durham Coast SAC and Northumbria Coast SPA. of the Hartlepool Consultation Document identifies that 4,800 new homes need to be delivered Increased population could increase Yes - recreational pressure to coastal

Borough completed over the Plan period and introduces options regarding where new visitor levels to Durham's stretch of SAC/SPA's County Council housing should be located e.g. In central areas of the town, a new coastline and associated recreational Issues and village / settlement? The document also identifies tourism as a key pressure to SAC/SPA's. In addition, Options factor in the local economy and cites assets such as the Marina, options surrounding coastal tourism Document beach and green tourism as key. Options relate to for example, could adversely affect Teesmouth

Durham (May 2014) broadening tourist accommodation including caravan parks and and Cleveland Coast SPA if options developing specialist tourist markets. The document goes on to which aim to protect the site are not recognise that the protection of nature along the coast needs to elected and developed further.

work with the delivery of an accessible tourist attraction and Review

Plan: questions relate to where do we need to improve linkage and access to the coast and if access to environmentally sensitive areas should be limited. Other issues of relevance include transport and options

Issues

regarding the continued development of the coastal walkway and of promotion of the tourism benefits of it. The document also

acknowledges that Hartlepool power station was identified as a other potential site for a new nuclear power station by the Government and but there is no timescale around a decision on this

Plans/Projects

Options Hartlepool Adopted April LTP3 sets out how a safe and sustainable transport system can be The type of measures to be delivered No Borough 2011 delivered within Hartlepool. The following measures are set out in are unlikely to contribute to adverse Council the delivery plan: 'in combination' impacts alongside Local Bus network improvement schemes the emerging County Durham Plan. Transport The Habitats Regulations

Low floor bus infrastructure 2016 Plan 3 Assessment of the LTP3 confirms (2011-2026) 161 B 162 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

Cycle tracks/ lanes that there will be no adverse impacts of

New cycle parking facilities on the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. other Cycle route signage

Regulations Workplace travel plans

Safer routes to school Plans/Projects Safety camera partnership Other safety schemes School 20mph zones Consultative neighbourhood forums

Assessment Car park improvements Road safety education and training Motorcycle training Smarter travel awareness Shopmobility Structural maintenance of carriageways of Structural maintenance of footways

the Street lighting and replacement of columns 40 years plus Bridge maintenance

County Tees Valley Adopted Identifies the following challenges in relation to minerals and waste: Despite caveats within many policies Yes - disturbance to SPA species as Joint September to ensure protection of European and a result of minerals working (coastal Minerals 2011 Meet the demand that significant development proposals in designated sites and the conclusion areas and functional land for the

Durham and Waste the Tees Valley will create for minerals provision and for of the HRA assessment which North Pennine Moors SPA) Development additional waste management capacity. screens out all Core Strategy and Plan Ensure that the use of secondary and recycled materials is Policies and Sites DPP policies out, Documents facilitated whilst making sufficient land available to provide in many cases due to the caveats, it

Core is considered that a precautionary

Plan: an appropriate level of primary mineral resources to contribute Strategy to the identified local, regional and national need for minerals; approach should be taken and the 2011-2026 safeguarding resources and ensuring the prudent use of these impact of minerals and waste

development in the Tees Valley

Issues resources in line with sustainable development objectives. should be considered 'in combination' Ensure that land is made available in the right places to provide the with the emerging County Durham right sort of waste management facilities in the Tees Valley, in a Plan. Specifically, the strategy and timely and sustainable manner, to meet local needs, specialist prioritises development of existing regional and national needs and support technological development. minerals and waste sites before

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Ensure that sufficient minerals and waste management considering new sites. However, provision can be made, whilst ensuring that public amenity, existing minerals and waste sites are and the natural, cultural and environmental assets, are in close proximity to parts of the

appropriately protected. Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast Assessment SPA/ Ramsar site, and birds from The following policy areas of relevance are summarised below: other European Sites may spend time in these areas, such as, the golden In taking forward minerals and waste development in the plan area, plover and curlew of the North and particularly along the river corridor and the Tees Estuary, Pennines SPA. Terns, redshank, knot proposals will need to demonstrate that there will be no adverse and assemblages of waterfowl are all

of impact on the integrity of the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast susceptible to disturbance by noise or sudden movements within or Special Protection Area and Ramsar site, and other European sites, the either alone or in combination with other plans and programmes. adjacent to their feeding and roosting

Any proposed mitigation measures must meet the requirements of grounds. Disturbance to SPA species County the Habitat Regulations. within County Durham as a result of new development may confound the Provision will be made for the supply of primary aggregate minerals issue.

between 2010 and 2026 to meet the identified need in the Tees Durham Valley, as follows:

Land-won sand and gravel - 0.17 million tonnes. Crushed rock - 2.86 million tonnes. Review

Plan:

The supply of minerals will be delivered in accordance with the

following sequential approach:

Issues of

i) Existing extraction sites and sites with planning permission for other extraction. and

ii) Extensions to existing minerals extraction sites. Plans/Projects

Options iii) New minerals extraction sites.

The development of facilities to process materials which can be

used as alternatives to primary aggregate resources will be 2016 supported in the following locations: 163 B 164 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

Existing minerals extraction and waste management sites, of

with the exception of North Gare sand extraction site. other

Land will be provided for the development of waste management Regulations

facilities to meet the identified requirements of the Tees Valley, as Plans/Projects follows:

a) For the composting of at least 16,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste per year from 2010, rising to at least 24,000 tonnes per year in 2016 and 31,000 tonnes per year by 2021.

Assessment b) For the recovery of value from at least 103,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste and commercial and industrial waste per year from 2010, falling to 83,000 tonnes per year by 2021.

c) For the recycling of at least 700,000 tonnes of construction and demolition waste per year from 2016, rising to 791,000 tonnes per of year by 2021. the d) To provide additional treatment and management facilities to

County reduce the amount of hazardous waste that is sent for landfill or disposal each year from the 2007 level of around 130,000 tonnes.

Allocations and proposals for large waste management facilities

Durham should be located in the following general areas:

a) To the south of the River Tees - the land located around Teesport, Smiths Dock Road and the eastern end of Dockside Road

(Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland). Plan:

b) To the north of the River Tees - the land located around the

Issues Graythorp and Haverton Hill Road areas (Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees).

c) To the north of the River Tees - the land located around the Port and Clarence, Cowpen Marsh and Seal Sands areas (Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees).

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Development involving the extension or upgrade of existing sewage treatment facilities, including at the Bran Sands Regional Sludge Treatment Centre (Redcar and Cleveland) will be supported.

Assessment

Tees Valley Adopted The Policies and Sites DPD conforms with the Core Strategy and As stated above, despite the various Yes - disturbance to SPA species as Joint September identifies specific sites for future minerals and waste development caveats in policy a precautionary a result of minerals working (coastal Minerals 2011 and sets out a range of policies which will be used to assess approach will be adopted and 'in areas and functional land for the and Waste minerals and waste planning applications. The following policies combination' impacts of the proposed North Pennine Moors SPA) Development may need to be considered in combination with the emerging County sites allocations will be considered

of Plan Durham Plan: alongside the emerging County

Documents A site of approximately 8 hectares is allocated for the Durham Plan particularly in relation the Policies extraction of crushed rock from an extension to Hart Quarry to combined impact of disturbance

and Sites (Hartlepool). It is expected that 1.32 million tonnes of and displacement of birds linked to County Development aggregate grade limestone will be recovered from this Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast Plan allocation. SPA and the North Pennine Moors Document A site of approximately 4 hectares at Graythorp Industrial SPA. 2011-2026 Estate (Hartlepool) is allocated for the development of facilities Durham to manage and recycle 65,000 tonnes of commercial and industrial wastes per year by 2021. Proposals for waste management facilities to recover value

from 175,000 tonnes of hazardous waste every year and to Review

Plan: allow the recovery of 250,000 tonnes of soils every year within 16 hectares of land within the Port Clarence site will be supported.

Issues Proposals for facilities to recycle up to a combined total of of

700,000 tonnes per year of construction and demolition wastes other by 2016, rising to 791,000 tonnes per year in 2021, will be

prioritised to the following locations: and

Plans/Projects Hart Quarry (Hartlepool) and Stockton Quarry

Options (Stockton-on-Tees). The allocated waste sites at South Tees Eco-Park (Redcar and Cleveland), Haverton Hill, Port Clarence and New Road (all Stockton-on-Tees).

2016 Sites where construction and demolition waste is being produced. 165 B 166 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

Sunderland Publication Sunderland City Council have advanced their Core Strategy to a Proposed housing growth areas at Yes - recreational pressure to of

City version of the Revised Preferred Options stage which identifies South Sunderland Doxford Park and South Hylton and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast other Council Plan to follow as an area that has the potential to accommodate much of the City's employment areas at Doxford park SPA, Durham Coast SAC and Core future housing requirement. A masterplan and Supplementary may increase traffic growth on the Northumbria Coast SPA.

Regulations

Strategy Planning Document is being produced for the South Sunderland A19 which may add to 'in Plans/Projects Revised Growth Area which is considered to have the potential to combination' impacts on Castle Eden Preferred accommodate 2,800-3,300 new dwellings over the next 15-20 years Dene SAC in terms of air quality. Options and meet 20% of the City's future housing need (15,000 new homes However, air pollution is not identified August over the next 20 years) in four development sites, namely; as a threat to the SSSI condition for 2013 Chaplegarth; Land North of Burdon Lane; Cherry Knowle and South either of the SSSI units closest to the

Ryhope. A19 and as critical thresholds have Assessment already been exceeded, further traffic The overall Core Strategy aims to ensure a sustainable pattern of is not likely to make a significant development in the city. The priority for new development will reflect increase. Particularly, as only as the following principles: small percentage of the 5km site is within 200 metres of the A19. 1. The Central Area, including the City Centre, will be the of principal location for offices, retail and main town centre uses. Due to the proximity of the Growth

Area to the coast and of the South of the 2. The majority of new housing in the city will be located within South Sunderland. Ryhope site (South Willow Farm

Ref:15/00138/SCO), in particular to County 3. Washington will be a key provider of land for economic development; only a minor amount of new housing is County Durham's administrative proposed. boundary there is likely to be some 4. Regeneration in the Coalfield will focus on its potential as an in-combination recreational impacts

to coastal Natura 2000 sites from

Durham area for new housebuilding. new populations proposed through 5. In North Sunderland the emphasis will be on the regeneration both Sunderland's and Durham's of the Seafront; new housing will be developed when Plans. However, the implementation opportunities arise. of mitigation measures proposed

Plan: through Sunderland City Council's appropriate assessment for the South Sunderland Growth Area, comprising

Issues the provision of Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace (SANG) and Strategic Access Management Measures (SAMM) is considered and likely to ensure no significant in combination or residual effects.

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Sunderland Green belt The International Advanced Manufacturing Park (IAMP) is a joint Potential to increase traffic levels on No City and site venture between Sunderland and South Tyneside Councils and is the A19 passing Castle Eden Dene Council and selection expected to be located in the area north of Sunderland's Nissan SAC and air quality impacts.

South options until Motor Manufacturing plant, close to the A19.The park will have a However, air pollution is not identified Assessment Tyneside Feb 2016, vital role to play in making suitable land available for commercial as a threat to the SSSI condition for Council publication development, expanding the existing North East Region's automotive either of the SSSI units closest to the International draft AAP and advanced manufacturing hub, accelerating economic growth A19 and as critical thresholds have Advanced summer 2016 and generating the conditions for private sector investment of more already been exceeded, further traffic Manufacturing than £300 million, including the creation of over 5,200 jobs by 2027. is not likely to make a significant Park increase. Particularly, as only as

of (IAMP) Because of the likely size of IAMP (100-150ha), it has been identified small percentage of the 5km site is Area Action within 200 metres of the A19. by Government as being an infrastructure project of 'national the Plan significance'.

County

Sunderland Adopted The strategy provides a strategic platform to guide the regeneration The masterplans written for Roker Yes - potential for non significant City February of Roker and Seaburn seafront and deliver the objective set out in and Seaburn will act to encourage residual levels of disturbance to

Council 2010 the Sunderland Strategy (2008-2025) the overarching strategy for more visitations to the Sunderland Northumbria Coast SPA which may Durham Marine the city which states that: ‘by 2025 Roker and Seaburn will have a seafront which could result in greater need to be considered in combination Walk key role in providing cultural tourism attractions.’ disturbance to qualifying species of Masterplan Northumbria Coast SPA and in

Supplementary combination effects alongside Review

Plan: Planning increased disturbance from proposed Document development as a result of the emerging County Durham Plan. This

Issues

could potentially affect the temporal of

distribution of birds and populations within the SPA designation along other Durham's coastline and within and functional land. However, the Marine

Walk Masterplan SPD Habitats Plans/Projects

Options Regulations Assessment outlines adoption of mitigation measures revolving around passive management of public access and

recreational activities in certain areas 2016 at certain times. As long as the mitigation measures are adopted 167 B 168 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

there should be no significant in of

combination effects. other

Sunderland Adopted May The Seaburn Masterplan and Design Code Supplementary Planning The Seaburn Masterplan shares Yes - potential for non significant

Regulations

City Document (SPD) promotes the development of a family-friendly similarities with Marine Walk residual levels of disturbance to Plans/Projects 2011 resort at Seaburn to provide high quality indoor and outdoor facilities Masterplan in terms of regenerating Northumbria Coast SPA which may Council for both residents and visitors available all year round. the Sunderland seafront through need to be considered in combination Seaburn improvements to public realm, The Seaburn Masterplan and Design Code sets out key planning access, recreation and new business Masterplan principles and detailed development guidance to guide the opportunities. In combination, the two

masterplans will act to encourage Assessment Supplementary redevelopment of Seaburn. Planning more visitations to the Sunderland Document seafront which could result in greater disturbance to bird qualifying features and in combination effects alongside increased disturbance from proposed development as a result of the

of emerging County Durham Plan. This

could potentially affect the temporal the distribution of birds and populations

within the SPA designation along County Durham's coastline and within functional land. However, the Seaburn Masterplan SPD Habitats Regulations Assessment outlines

Durham adoption of mitigation measures including dog prohibition zones, litter management plans, increased advisory, directive and interpretive

Plan: signage and events management plans. As long as the mitigation measures are adopted there should

Issues be no significant in combination effects. and

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

South Adopted Sets out the spatial strategy for South Tyneside as follows: Employment areas adjacent to the Yes - disturbance to Northumbria Tyneside June 2007. A19 have the potential to act in Coast SPA) Core However, a Regenerate the River Tyne and coastal corridors including combination with the emerging

Strategy new plan is in County Durham plan to increase

Assessment the Tyne Gateway at South Shields; 2006 the process Secure regionally and nationally significant economic traffic growth and potentially increase of being development on the proposed Tyne Wear Regional traffic growth on the A19 passing prepare and Employment Site; within 200 metres of Castle Eden a publication Support development that reflects the scale and functions of Dene SAC. However, air pollution is draft will be the main towns of South Shields, Jarrow and Hebburn; not identified as a threat to the SSSI published for Support the development of the A19 Growth Corridor; condition for either of the SSSI units

of consultation closest to the A19 and as critical Ensure the sustainability of our settlements by reducing the in winter thresholds have already been

the emissions which cause climate change and adapting to its 2016/17 exceeded, further traffic is not likely effects; and

to make a significant increase. County Maximise the re-use of previously developed land, in the built Particularly, as only as small up areas. percentage of the 5km site is within 200 metres of the A19. Coastal Zone Policy:

Durham The Coastal Zone policy has the To reinforce the coastal zone as a strategic multi-purpose corridor potential in combination with the the council will work with partners to: emerging County Durham Plan to

increase levels of disturbance to Review

Plan: Conserve and enhance the character of the undeveloped qualifying species of Northumbria coast as a high quality natural environment and resource for Coast SPA. outdoor recreation.

Issues Promoting the developed coast as a major leisure and tourism of destination with strong links to South Shields town centre.

other

Minerals: and

Adequate supply is consented over the plan period. Plans/Projects

Options Waste:

Allocate land for waste management facilities in sustainable

2016 locations to make an appropriate contribution towards dealing 169 B 170 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

with the estimates of waste requiring management in Tyne of

and Wear identified in the Regional Spatial Strategy. other Allocate land for any additional sewage management facilities

required by the Water Framework Directive, especially those Regulations

associated with the Jarrow pre-treatment works and its Plans/Projects network of pumping stations.

Newcastle Adopted The Core Strategy and Urban Core Plan is a strategic planning Follingsby is a proposed key No Gateshead: March 2015 framework that will guide development in Newcastle and Gateshead employment site (distribution and Core to 2030. It is the first part of both councils Local Plan, containing an logistics) due to its location at the

Assessment Strategy overall vision and spatial strategy to deliver economic prosperity intersection of the A1(M) and and Urban and create lifetime neighbourhoods. The Plan covers the whole of A194(M), to the south side of Core Plan the area within the administrative boundaries of Gateshead and Gateshead. Due to the nature of the 2010 - Newcastle and includes strategic policies and specific policies for employment site and its location 2030 the Urban Core, Sub-Areas and sites. could potentially increase traffic growth on the A19 which may add to It will contribute to achieving the joint sustainable community 'in combination' impacts on Castle of ambitions as set out in the Bridging Document - Developing Eden Dene SAC in terms of air

quality. However, air pollution is not the Sustainable Cities - Newcastle Gateshead 2030. identified as a threat to the SSSI

condition for either of the SSSI units County The Spatial Strategy seeks to direct growth to its three identified Strategic Growth Areas - Urban Core, Metro Green and Callerton closest to the A19 and as critical Park, alongside Newcastle Great Part (Neighbourhood Growth Area) thresholds have already been which is an established housing growth area. It explains that the exceeded, further traffic is not likely

to make a significant increase.

Durham level of development opportunities in the Urban Core, Callerton Park and Metro Green make them strategic in nature, and the most Particularly, as only as small appropriate locations to focus the provision of additional homes, percentage of the 5km site is within jobs and facilities. 200 metres of the A19.

Plan: In addition to the growth identified for our Strategic Growth Areas, housing development, to accommodate approximately 21,000 new dwellings, will be prioritised in the following locations:

Issues

(a) Our Neighbourhood Growth Areas: Dunston Hill, Kenton Bank Foot, Leam Lane, Lemington, Salters Lane, Newbiggin Hall, and

Newcastle Great Park and

Options

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Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

(b) Our Neighbourhood Regeneration Areas: Benwell and Scotswood Bensham and Saltwell, Birtley, Byker, Dunston, Elswick, Felling, and Walker.

Assessment Employment and economic growth will be concentrated within the Urban Core and four Key Employment Areas as follows:

(a) For office, retail, research and further/higher education: the Urban Core of (b) For manufacturing and engineering, including renewables and

the environmental industries: Team Valley, Walker Riverside

County (c) For distribution and logistics: Follingsby

(d) For uses that would benefit from clustering around Newcastle International Airport Transport Network. While supporting

Durham improvements across the strategic road network (A1, A19, A69 and A696) that services the Newcastle-Gateshead area is important, tackling road congestion on the A1 is the priority. Seeking to improve the operation of our transport networks and improve our strategic connections, it will work with Partners to bring about: Review

Plan:

(1) The reduction of the amount of through traffic within the Urban

Core by reducing traffic speeds, managing street space to favour

Issues more sustainable modes and managing access to the centre of of

Newcastle Gateshead, other

and (2) The management of traffic to improve accessibility and the public

realm Plans/Projects

Options (3) The creation of additional capacity at existing and future key pressure points on the road network, including:

(a) A1 at Lobley Hill

2016 (b) A1 at Eighton Lodge 171 B 172 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

(c) A1 at Swalwell of

other (d) A1 traffic management

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(4) The sustainable, safe and efficient flow of freight and goods and Plans/Projects continue to support the expansion of travel and freight movement opportunities provided by our key gateways - Newcastle International Airport, Newcastle Central Station and the Port of Tyne

(5) The development of Urban Traffic Management and Control

Assessment (UTMC) infrastructure

(6) Proposals for re-opening regional heavy rail lines for passengers and freight, including

(a) The Leamside Line of (b) The Ashington Blyth and Tyne Line the (7) Proposals to expand the Metro system in the longer term.

County

Minerals

Taking into account the current landbank for sand and gravel, and

Durham permissions which have since been sought and granted within the Tyne & Wear sub-region for further extraction, there is currently no requirement for bringing forward additional sites for aggregate production within NewcastleGateshead before 2020. The capacity

Plan: of existing sites and future proposals will be assessed through on-going monitoring by the local authorities and by the Regional Aggregates Working Party to ensure maintenance of the

Issues landbank.Provision for mineral extraction and

safeguarding, including more detailed criteria, will be included within a Site Allocations and Development Management DPDs. and Waste

Options

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Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Land will be allocated as necessary in suitable and accessible locations for the processing and recycling of waste to meet identified local and regional requirements.

Assessment Proposals for new waste management capacity will be given preference where the location would promote:

(a) On-site management of waste where possible; or

(b) Expansion of existing waste management facilities; or of

the (c) Provision within existing employment areas; or

County (d) The re-use of previously-developed land.

An apportionment of future waste arising study shows that across Newcastle Gateshead there is sufficient management capacity

Durham overall and therefore no need currently to make provision for additional facilities. No new municipal waste management facility sites will be required in the Plan area before 2024. There maybe potential existing capacity in Tyneside and the wider region to cater Review

for Newcastle and Gateshead's commercial and Industrial Waste. Plan:

Tyne and Both adopted The third Local Transport Plan (LTP3) for Tyne and Wear comprises The New Tyne Crossing, opened for No

Issues Wear Local March 2011 a ten-year strategy (2011-2021) covering all forms of transport in public use in February 2011, is aimed of

Transport Tyne and Wear, underpinned by the first in a series of three-year to considerably improve connectivity other Plan 3 (However, a delivery plans (2011-2014) setting out how the strategy will be put between the north and south. As a

and 2011-2021 new North into effect at a local level. result it is likely to increase traffic on

and east the A19, which in turn may add to 'in Plans/Projects

associated combined The five goals of the transport strategy that we have adopted to combination' impacts on Castle Eden Options Delivery authority meet this vision are: Dene SAC in terms of air quality. Plan transport However, air pollution is not identified 2011-2014 Plan is being To support the economic development, regeneration and as a threat to the SSSI condition for prepared) competitiveness of Tyne and Wear, improving the efficiency, either of the SSSI units closest to the

2016 reliability and integration of transport networks across all modes. A19 and as critical thresholds have already been exceeded, further traffic 173 B 174 B Interim

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Habitats

To reduce carbon emissions produced by local transport movements, is not likely to make a significant of

and to strengthen our networks against the effects of climate change increase. Particularly, as only as other and extreme weather events. small percentage of the 5km site is within 200 metres of the A19.

Regulations

To contribute to healthier and safer communities in Tyne and Wear, Plans/Projects with higher levels of physical activity and personal security. There will be no likely significant effects due to the proposals for To create a fairer Tyne and Wear, providing everyone with the transport schemes as set out in the opportunity to achieve their full potential and access a wide range Plan on Northumbria Coast SPA and of employment, training, facilities and services. Ramsar Site, Durham Coast SAC or

Assessment Thrislington SAC. To protect, preserve and enhance our natural and built environments, improving quality of life and creating high quality public places.

Main Policies of 1. Maintenance - keep transport networks in good condition. the 2. Management - manage networks to provide for the safe and

County efficient flow of travel by all modes.

3. Information - help people make informed travel choices by giving them accurate information.

Durham 4. Walking and Cycling - give priority to and invest in walking and cycling.

Plan: 5. Public Transport - give priority to and invest in public transport.

6. Safety and Security - enhance personal safety and security for

Issues all transport users.

7. Road Safety - work to improve road safety. and 8. Air Quality - seek to improve air quality.

Options

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Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

9. Links - improve links to our airports, ports, rail, and motorway systems.

Assessment 10. Low Carbon - support low carbon transport initiatives.

11. Access - help people to reach key services, such as healthcare, employment and education, easily and safely by ensuring that access issues are given due consideration for service and land use planning. of 12. Investment - pursue all investment opportunities to improve

the transport networks.

County Northumberland Pre-submission When complete, the core strategy will provide planning policies to: Given current evidence, the low No Core version housing numbers proposed close to Strategy published Guide where future development takes place up to 2031. the SPA and SAC and the protection

Durham October Guide how proposals for new developments will be assessed. afforded to the natural environment 2015, to be Provide the policies to help protect Northumberland's in relevant tourism policies, it is submitted for environment. concluded that any increase in examination recreational disturbance will not have Set out the general scale and distribution of new development. in 2016 an adverse effect on the integrity of Review

Plan: Set out strategic allocations for housing and employment. the North Pennine Moors SPA, the North Pennine Moors SAC and The policies will guide the location of: Northumbria Coast SPA.

Issues of

New housing. other New business premises.

Retail developments. and

Community facilities, such as facilities for healthcare and Plans/Projects

education. Options Renewable energy development. Mineral extraction. Waste management facilities.

2016 175 B 176 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

The strategy will also include policies seeking to protect the natural of

and historic environment of Northumberland. It is the principal policy other document in the Northumberland local plan and will be supported by the Northumberland local plan delivery document.

Regulations

Plans/Projects

Shoreline February A Shoreline Management Plan (SMP) provides a large-scale SMP policy is largely focused on No Management 2007 - covers assessment of the risks associated with coastal evolution and maintaining or pursuing measures Plan 2 a 100 year presents a policy framework to address these risks to people and which will either maintain or enhance North East period the developed, historic and natural environment in a sustainable the features of International sites.

Assessment Coast - manner. Management units can be classified River Tyne as falling into two categories: no to The following relevant policy's for specific sections of coastline are adverse effect on the integrity of Flamborough proposed: International sites; and no adverse Head effect on International sites pending River Tyne to South Pier - natural development of bay and the provision of preventative holding the line of the pier. measures in actually implementing of Trow - long-term natural retreat of the cliffs and cobble the policy suite. It is therefore

concluded that there will be no the beaches. Frenchmans Bay to Lizard Point - long term natural erosion adverse 'in combination' effects with

the emerging County Durham Plan. County of the cliffs between Frenchmans Bay and Marsdens Bay. Lizard Point to Souter Point - long term natural erosion of the cliffs and exposed littoral rock and boulder habitat. Souter Point to Sunderland Harbour - long term natural erosion

Durham of the cliffs and littoral rock and boulder habitat with re-enforcement of nearshore natural controls. Sunderland Harbour to Pincushion Rocks - long term natural retreat of littoral rock and boulder habitat but with control over

the rate of erosion. Plan: Pincushion to Chourdon Point - long term natural retreat of the littoral rock and boulder habitat south of Pincushion.

Issues Existing defences between Seaham north promenade and the harbour will be retained. Chourdon Point to Blackhall Rocks - natural development of coastal habitat. However, the area of most concern is the and eroding cliffs between Foxholes Den and Horden Point - here the vegetation is suffering coastal squeeze as this area of cliff

Options

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Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

top is still subject to arable crops. To the South of Horden Point the cliffs are protected by colliery wastes on the beach. Blackhall Rocks to Heugh Breakwater - natural development

of the SPA, Ramsar and SAC designated coastal habitats. Assessment Hartlepool Bay - proposed policy suite could lead to enhanced socour and/ or wave exposure to the SPA and Ramsar features associated with Hartlepool Headland. Tees Bay - Maintain Gare breakwaters, natural retreat of the Seaton Dunes and no active intervention to the south and east of the estuary. of

the Wear Adopted Sets out objectives for reducing flood risk and flood damage in the Any changes to water quality or No Catchment River Wear catchment through a detailed analysis of historic flooding hydrology as a result of the measures

County Flood events, river factors and projected changes in urban development, are unlikely to impact upon Management land use and land management and climate (rainfall) that are likely Northumbria Coast SPA/Ramsar, the Plan to affect the nature and regularity of flood events in the future. The only 'in combination' impacts to be (Environment catchment policy decisions for each sub area are as follows: considered are those on the North

Agency, Pennine Moors SAC and SPA.

Durham Coastal Stream - no need to take any action in this area to 2009) manage the risk of flooding Durham and Browney - need to take further action to reduce However, measures in the Upper and flood risk, feasibility of providing flood defences through the Mid Wear to restore peat bogs should sub area and potential for small scale wetland creation be beneficial to Natura 2000 species. Review

Plan: upstream of Lanchester The potential for in combination Low Wear and Lumley Park Burn - continue the long term impact on factional land (disturbance maintenance of flood defences at Chester-le-Street to Northumbria SPA flightpaths) has

Issues Upper and Mid Wear - In the upland areas seek to reduce been considered and deemed not of

runoff by land management changes including the restoration likely as the only area where flood other of peat bogs in the uplands. In the lower sections of the sub defence action is required is the

Durham and Browney sub area. The

and are look to opportunities to maximise that natural floodplain

report sates that building structural storage to reduce downstream flows in the river and thus Plans/Projects responses is not the best action

manage the risk of flooding further downstream Options Chester Burn - Open up the culverted length of the Chester within this sub area due to the Burn. All new development to incorporate SuDS to ensure dispersed nature of properties at risk there is no increase in runoff from new urban areas. across this sub area. Upper River Gaunless - long term maintenance of the Spring

2016 Gardens Dam 177 B 178 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

Crook and South Church - undertake regular maintenance of of

the river channel to ensure that no damage has been caused other and there is no build up of debris, make sure any future development is set back from the river front and investigate

Regulations

changes in land management. Plans/Projects Waskerley Beck - The risk of flooding in this sub-area is sensitive to the gravel movement within the River Wear, this will be managed to keep the risk of flooding low Rural Wear and Becks - Reduce actions over time by withdrawing maintenance in places where it is viable to do

Assessment so. In doing this the river will be allowed to reclaim its floodplain over time and improve the river environment.

Tees Adopted Sets out objectives for reducing flood risk and flood damage in the Measures within the Western sub No Catchment River Tees catchment through a detailed analysis of historic flooding area should prove beneficial to North Flood events, river factors and projected changes in urban development, Pennine Moors SAC and SPA Management land use and land management and climate (rainfall) that are likely species and other measures such as of Plan to affect the nature and regularity of flood events in the future. The reducing agricultural pumping in the

the (Environment catchment policy decisions for each sub area are as follows: Northern sub area could also improve Agency, Western - seek to carry out land management techniques bird populations. Due to distances

County 2009) such as gill planting and moorland grip blocking across the involved, any impacts on the River upland area of the sub area to reduce run off, ensure all Tees in terms of water quality as a reservoirs have flood plans. result of the emerging County Middle Tees - optimise existing storage areas on the floodplain Durham Plan are unlikely to impact

upon Teesmouth and Cleveland Durham to reduce risk to Neasham and Yarm, review sewer and drainage structures in Yarm to ensure adequate capacity is Coast SPA and therefore do not need in Place. to be considered in combination with Mid Catchment - feasibility study of the potential to install the TCFMP. The presences of the Tees barrage will also ensure that

flood defences in Darlington and to protect the main roads Plan: including the A1. any hydrological changes as a result Eastern - Implement the findings of the Tees Tidal Strategy of the emerging County Durham Plan will not impact on Teesmouth and

and install defences if economically and environmentally Issues sound. Cleveland Coast SPA and therefore do not need to be considered in Potto and Swainby - Develop a system asset management combination. The only flood defence plan for the flood defences and channel maintenance measures recommended are for

and programme. Darlington along the River Skerne, Halnaby Beck - Allow natural processes to establish. which is not identified as of value for

Options

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Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Old River Tees - Deliver actions specified by the Tees Tidal sensitive species in terms of adding Flood Risk Management strategy when finalised. to 'in combination' disturbance effects Northern - Continue to maintain flood defences, reduce or habitat take.

agricultural pumping where justified, increase amount of Assessment upstream storage.

North Confirmed by The vision for the North Eastern LEP is to create Europe’s premier Development of the A19 Ultra Low No Eastern Government location for low carbon, sustainable, knowledge-based private Carbon Vehicle Corridor is to take Low August 2011 sector-led growth and jobs. To achieve its vision, the LEP has place at the existing Nissan Plant or Carbon agreed to focus on supporting actions that will be delivered within within the Nissan Compound on

of Enterprise four strategic economic priorities: Nissan Way in Sunderland. The

Zone location of this site will not directly the Proposal Supporting Enterprise and Private Sector Business Growth. increase volumes of traffic passing

Castle Eden Dene SAC on the A19 County Building on Key Economic Strengths. Improving Skills and Performance. as over 15 miles away. Strengthening Transport, Connectivity and Infrastructure.

Durham The North Eastern LEP Enterprise Zone initiative is comprised of two Phases. Phase 1 incorporates the following sites:

Ultra Low Carbon Vehicle sites adjacent to the A19 (Sunderland), Review

Plan: on the the River Tyne North bank, Swan Hunter (North Tyneside), Neptune Yard (Newcastle) and the Port of Tyne North Estate (North Tyneside).

Issues of Given the specific industry and sector profile within the above sites

(offshore wind, renewables and electric vehicles), a mix of capital other allowances and business rates subsidy incentives will be applied and to attract businesses to these sites. These incentives form part of

a package of tools developed by Government to support business Plans/Projects

Options growth and jobs in Enterprise Zones.

Other incentives, which the North Eastern LEP Enterprise Zone will look to draw upon include:

2016 UKTI support for marketing and developing key sites, installation of superfast broadband and planning flexibilities. 179 B 180 B Interim

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Habitats

Phase 2 would incorporate other elements, such as the Blyth Estuary of

Renewable Energy Zone (BEREZ) Northumberland, Port of other Sunderland and Hawthorn Prestige Business Park, Seaham, Durham. These sites will be considered for receiving support from

Regulations

either other Government schemes or from LEP activity. Plans/Projects

North East Published Representing 100,000 new jobs and equivalent to an 11% increase There are potential 'in combination' No Local April 2014 in employment from today, the vision for the Strategic Economic impacts that will need to be Enterprise Plan builds on the North East Independent Economic Review chaired considered in terms of increased

Assessment Partnership by Lord Andrew Adonis. It reflects the determination of local partners traffic growth on the A19 potentially Strategic to provide opportunities for businesses and residents in a modern affecting Castle Eden Dene SAC. Economic and diverse economy, developing a strong entrepreneurial and However, air pollution is not identified Plan for the innovative spirit. as a threat to the SSSI condition for North East either of the SSSI units closest to the 2014 - Supporting the vision is a set of objectives that ensure employment A19 and as critical thresholds have 2024 growth is inclusive, sustainable and entrepreneurial. The aim is to already been exceeded, further traffic of halve the gap between the North East and the national average is not likely to make a significant

(excluding London) on three quantifiable measures: increase. Particularly, as only as the small percentage of the 5km site is

within 200 metres of the A19. County 1. Gross value added (GVA) per full time equivalent (FTE), with wages and profits rewarding workers and investors and sustaining high levels of employment.

Durham 2. Private sector employment density, with more companies and jobs driving a high growth economy.

3. Activity rate, with no one left behind, and those distant from or

disadvantaged in the labour market helped to take advantage of Plan: the opportunities created by a successful growing economy.

And fully close the gap on one quantifiable measure: Issues

4. Employment rate, with the scale and quality of employment matching an increasingly better qualified and higher skilled

and workforce.

Options

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Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

We will drive sustainable growth by increasing the uptake of low carbon technology across the economy - including housing, transport and by business. This is one of a number of measures adopted in

our European strategy, reflecting the financial and policy commitment Assessment to sustainability through efficient use of energy and the promotion of technologies that reduce carbon emissions.

Durham Adopted Durham County Council's third local transport plan contains a Current potential 'in combination' Potentially, depending on status of County strategy looking at least ten years ahead and a three year rolling effects in relation to the current three Horden Rail project and levels of

of Council (However, a programme of expenditure. year delivery plan largely relate to the access proposed from the station to

Local new North provision of a new station at Horden the coast the east For County Durham, the five national transport goals are which could have adverse effects on

Transport combined complemented by a sixth - Maintenance of the Transport Asset, the Durham Coast SAC and County Plan 3 authority which reflects the importance of the highway network and other potentially Northumbria Coast SPA 2011 transport transport infrastructure: if visitor pressure is increased from onwards Plan is being the station.

prepared) Support economic growth Durham Reduce carbon emissions Promote equality of opportunity Contribute to better safety, security and health Review

Improve quality of life and a healthy natural environment Plan: Maintenance of the Transport Asset

Issues of

other and

Plans/Projects

Options

2016 181 B 182 B Interim

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Habitats

Natural New coast Natural England's work to comply with the Coastal Access Duty Natural England's Report to the Yes - Recreational pressure of

England - path and involves the creation of a national trail known as the England Coast Secretary of State (Overview) on the (Northumbria Coast SPA and other English associated Path. Durham, Hartlepool and Sunderland Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast Coastal access rights stretch sates that the risks of the SPA)

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Path now open. proposals undermining the For the first time people will have the right of access around all the Plans/Projects Project - Coastal open coast. This includes – where appropriate – any land, other conservation objectives of a North Gare access rights than the trail itself, which forms part of the coastal margin and which European site could be excluded. to South came into has public rights of access along the way. This is known as However, the routes does transect Bents - force along ‘spreading room’.Natural England expects to complete work on the functional land for coastal SPA 55km this stretch of England Coast Path in 2020. species such as high tide roost areas

stretch coast on 11 and it is considered that the Assessment April 2014 by promotion of the trail could increase Order of the levels of visitor pressure Secretary of State. of the

County

Durham

Plan:

Issues and

Options

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Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

County Published Converts the regional tourism strategy and County Durham tourism Potential to act in combination with Yes - recreational pressure coastal Durham strategy as well as relevant parts of the regional and sub-regional the emerging County Durham Plan SAC/SPA's Area economic development strategies into action. to increase traffic on the A19

Tourism adjacent to Castle Eden Dene SAC Assessment Management Durham has identified eight priorities that will deliver a more vibrant and increase visitor levels to the visitor economy: coast and North Pennines depending Plan on specific information contained 2012-2016 Manage and maintain the public realm for visitors. within individual destination plans. Increase the contribution of Durham's rural areas to the overall However, air pollution is not identified value of the county visitor economy. as a threat to the SSSI condition for

of either of the SSSI units closest to the Increase spend by implementing a step change in the quality A19 and as critical thresholds have

the of the visitor experience post arrival. already been exceeded, further traffic Optimise the potential of Durham City making it a viable

is not likely to make a significant

County 48-hour stay. increase. Particularly, as only as Develop local distinctiveness in line with the destination brand. small percentage of the 5km site is Tackle seasonability by focusing on events and business within 200 metres of the A19. tourism.

Durham Grow the profile of the county regionally and nationally. Extend length of stay by optimising the potential of the county's market towns and town centres. Review

Plan:

Tourism Published The objectives of the destination plan are: The majority of the objectives are Yes - recreational pressure to coastal

Issues Destination March 2009 1. To strengthen Seaham’s identity and profile as a lively harbour likely to increase visitor numbers to SPA's of

Plan for Seaham which could have in

town and to promote the special Heritage Coast environment. other Seaham 2. To develop Seaham Harbour Marina as the central attraction combination impacts alongside new 2009 housing development on increasing for the town using it as a hub to promote water activities, and

levels of disturbance to qualifying

interpret the town’s heritage and link to walking and wildlife Plans/Projects along the coast and the shops and businesses in town. species of Northumbria Coast SPA

Options 3. To better promote and enable visitors to enjoy Seaham’s and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast heritage particularly its early Christian links, mining heritage, SPA. connections to the Londonderrys and Lord Byron and unique flora and fauna. Specific actions of the plan which

may act 'in combination' are as 2016 4. To invest in environmental and infrastructure improvements to enhance the town’s streetscape, better manage traffic and follows: 183 B 184 B Interim

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Habitats

parking and ease visitor flows between harbour, beach and Implement phase 2 of the of

town centre. North Dock redevelopment to other 5. To encourage more visitors by hosting events, competitions establish an attractive harbour environment, working marina and promoting local arts and crafts, attracting people who are Regulations

and enable sailing and other visiting Durham City and developing a loyal visitor base from Plans/Projects nearby towns and cities. water based activities to take 6. To widen the range and improve the quality of the place. accommodation, retail and food and drink offers in the town. Reopen north pier promenade 7. To build on local artistic talent to develop exhibitions, events and link coastal footpath. and performances and continue to integrate artistic elements Develop sea-based activities.

Assessment into heritage interpretation and infrastructure. Promote Seaham as a base for 8. To develop a sustainable, year round visitor economy offering nature and wildlife breaks. a warm welcome, excellent service and value for money; Way mark heritage trail and generating repeat visits. promote further. 9. To encourage existing businesses to continue to invest in their properties and services and to encourage new business Attracting more visitors to Seaham investment. could also add to 'in combination' of 10. To encourage and support collaboration between local impacts on castle Eden Dene SAC the organisations and businesses to enable joint delivery of the as a result of people travelling from destination plan actions. the South of the SAC via the A19 to

County reach Seaham. An increase in traffic on the A19 could lead to air quality impacts on Castle Eden Dene SAC. However, air pollution is not identified

Durham as a threat to the SSSI condition for either of the SSSI units closest to the A19 and as critical thresholds have already been exceeded, further traffic

is not likely to make a significant Plan: increase. Particularly, as only as small percentage of the 5km site is

within 200 metres of the A19. Issues and

Options

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Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Tourism Published The Plan's focus is Barnard Castle the town, within its wider setting Potential for increased populations Potentially - recreational pressure to Destination June 2013 of Teesdale and the Durham Dales. A visitor centred approach has within the recreational catchment of North Pennine Moors SAC/SPA and Plan for been taken focusing on bringing more visitors to the town and wider the North Pennines along with an Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC

Barnard area, encouraging those staying in the town to explore more of the increase in tourism promotion and Assessment Castle countryside. Part of the vision to 2020 states: visitor numbers to act in combination 2013 to adversely affect the North Pennine 'Many will want to explore the special wild uplands with their rare Moors SAC and SPA and Moor alpine flora, traditional hay meadows and tranquillity only interrupted House Upper Teesdale SAC through by cries of moorland birds such as curlew and black grouse.' recreational pressure and disturbance

of Objective 7 includes: the To capitalise on the beautiful riverside, Teesdale, High Force, the

County Gaunless Valley and the attractions of the wider Durham Dales and North Pennines to attract more visitors to walk and take part in outdoor activities.

Durham Some actions of relevance include:

Better promote ways of exploring Teesdale's countryside Establish the Dalescape Walking Festival 2013 as an annual Review

event Plan: Discuss options for developing cycling and mountain biking further such as researching circular cycle routes from town

to be features in a leaflet Issues Develop tourism based on the outdoors, nature, wildlife, bird of

watching, tranquillity and dark skies other

and Tourism Published The objectives of the destination Plan are: Objectives 1,2,3 and 9 could act 'in Potentially - recreational pressure to

Destination March 2009 1. To strengthen Stanhope’s identity and profile as an attractive combination' with the numbers of any North Pennine Moors SAC/SPA and Plans/Projects

Plan for new housing proposed in Stanhope Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC Options town to explore, encouraging visitors to stop to soak up the Stanhope peace and tranquillity, unwind and enjoy the town’s to increase levels of disturbance to 2009 authenticity and take part in outdoor activities in the qualifying species of the North surrounding countryside. Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and 2. To build on the role of the Durham Dales Visitor Centre as a Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC

2016 key orientation hub for the wider area; signposting visitors to 185 B 186 B Interim

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Habitats

the local heritage, culture, walks, activities, accommodation of

and events. other 3. To build up a reputation as a sustainable destination with

many green businesses, outdoor activities, especially walking Regulations

and cycling, and environmental interests. Plans/Projects 4. To encourage existing businesses to invest in their properties and services and to encourage new business investment, particularly small scale sustainable accommodation and the provision of evening meals. 5. To capitalise on the investment in the Weardale Railway to

Assessment increase visitor numbers, encourage longer stays in the town and explore the potential for non car based visits. 6. To invest in environmental and infrastructure improvements to enhance the town’s streetscape and better manage traffic and parking. 7. To further promote and enable visitors to enjoy the agricultural, industrial and natural heritage of the local area. of 8. To develop a sustainable, year round visitor economy offering the excellent service, locally sourced food and drink and value for money; generating repeat visits.

County 9. To encourage more visitors to use the town as a base to explore the surrounding Durham Dales landscape. 10. To encourage and support collaboration between local organisations and businesses to enable joint delivery of the

Durham destination plan actions.

North Published The Management Plan is focused around three themes which reflect Whilst the Plan aims to promote No Pennines the national objectives of the AONB Family. Within these themes responsible tourism that respects the

AONB are nested the subjects with which this plan is concerned in detail: special qualities of the North Plan: Management Pennines, actions such as supporting Plan A place to look after: the development and promotion of

2014-19 nature/culture based packages and Issues Landscape supporting improvements in facilities and information provision in relation to cycling and cycle hire may serve and

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Biodiversity and geodiversity to increase visitor numbers and residual levels of Historic environment disturbance/damage

Assessment However, the objectives and caveats A place to live and work: placed within the action plan should ensure that the management plan has either positive or no significant Support for an environment-based economy impacts on Natura 2000 sites associated with the AONB area.

Development that sustains the environment and communities of

Therefore the management plan does the not need to be considered for 'in A place to celebrate and explore: combination' effects alongside the County emerging County Durham Plan. Enjoying and understanding the North Pennines

Supporting community action for natural and cultural heritage Durham

In relation to tourism promotion and activities the Plan recognises that a common strategic Review

Plan:

approach is needed in order to improve the sustainable development and management of tourism which takes account of the needs of

Issues the environment, visitors, residents and local of

other businesses. This includes a shared approach to the pre-arrival

and marketing and promotion of the (in particular nature and culture

based) opportunities for visitors to the North Pennines. Plans/Projects

Options The tourism offer in the North Pennines is based on the area’s natural assets or special qualities. Visitors need effective information about the special features of the area, how they can

2016 experience them and how they can support their conservation. 187 B 188 B Interim

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be Review Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

Habitats

It is critical that the tourism industry is helped to ‘green’ its of

operations; if we are to promote the North Pennines as a ‘green other destination’ where visitors can ‘get away from it all’ and experience fantastic, high quality landscapes, wildlife and culture then we will

Regulations

need an environmentally responsible industry to back up the claim. Plans/Projects

A relevant objectives requires:

To ensure that the tourism industry is environmentally and economically sustainable, based on, and actively supports,

Assessment the special qualities of the North Pennines and brings benefits to the community

Housing Outline This project was approved subject to securing necessary s106 Likely to be some non significant Yes - recreational pressure to coastal development application agreements. Natural England have advised that if undertaken in residual pressure to the coastal SAC/SPA's. North of for 900 strict accordance with the details submitted, the proposal is not likely SAC/SPA's which may need to be Lowhills dwellings and to have a significant effect on the interest features of designated checked in combination with the (xxviii) of Road, local retail conservation sites. Phase 1 of the development for 360 proposals in the emerging Plan. Site

the Peterlee - centre dwellings was received in July 2015 and is awaiting a decision. also has the potential to increase Residential approved traffic levels on the A19 passing

County development (Ref: Castle Eden Dene SAC. However, of up to 900 5/PL/2013/ air pollution is not identified as a dwellings threat to the SSSI condition for either and local 0106) of the SSSI units closest to the A19

retail and as critical thresholds have Durham centre. Phase 1 - already been exceeded, further traffic 360 is not likely to make a significant dwellings, increase. Particularly, as only as awaiting small percentage of the 5km site is

Plan: decision (Ref: within 200 metres of the A19. DM/15/

Issues 012142/RM) and

xxviii Natural England (June 2013) Amended Habitats Regulations Assessment - Residential development comprising 900 no. Dwellings (outline) Lowhills Road, Peterlee Ref: 6937/88554 Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Plan/ Stage/ Description of anticipated Plan/ Project outcomes Potential 'In combination' effects Does the Plan/Project need to be

Regulations Project Status of on Natura 2000 site(s) included in the in-combination Plan/ Project assessment (Y/N)?

North East Minded to This outline proposal now has a minded to approve planning Likely to be some non significant Yes - recreational pressure to coastal Industrial approve decision. The outline proposal incorporates approximately 7.7ha of residual pressure to the coastal SAC/SPA's. Estate, planning green space and proposes contributions towards footpath creation SAC/SPA's which may need to be

Peterlee - decision in the adjoining Yoden Village area of amenity open space. checked in combination with the Assessment Residential proposals in the emerging Plan. Site development also has the potential to increase for 390 traffic levels on the A19 passing dwellings Castle Eden Dene SAC. However, (DM/14/ air pollution is not identified as a threat to the SSSI condition for either

of 01195/OUT) of the SSSI units closest to the A19 and as critical thresholds have the already been exceeded, further traffic

is not likely to make a significant County increase. Particularly, as only as small percentage of the 5km site is within 200 metres of the A19.

Durham Review

Plan:

Issues of

other and

Plans/Projects

Options

2016 189 B Screening for Likely Significant Effects: Housing Growth and Distribution C

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 190 Interim

Habitats

C Screening for Likely Significant Effects: Housing Growth and Distribution

Regulations Table 54 Likely Significant Effects: Distribution of Housing Screening Part A: The Option(s)

Issue under Where to distribute new housing across County Durham

Assessment consideration

Description of Main Town Focus Sustainable Communities Sustainable Communities Wider Dispersal for options with Central Durham

Likely This option focuses housing on the main towns in the County with a larger This option focuses housing Villages This option differs from the proportion of new development being directed to Durham City. Other towns on the main towns in the other options in that it would and villages receive an amount of housing to meet their social and economic County with a lesser focus This option is similar to the redistribute the majority of

Significant

of needs. on Durham City.In relation Sustainable Communities the original housing from to areas within which option but instead redistributes Durham City, or the villages the In relation to areas within which European protected sites are located the European protected sites a proportion of the housing of Central Durham to the rest following proportions of housing are provided to give an indication of how are located the following from Durham City to the rest of the County.

County each option would distribute housing across the County. Please note that proportions of housing are of Central Durham including these are not definitive figures: provided to give an the villages of Brandon, In relation to areas within

indication of how each Langley Moor, Meadowfield, which European protected Effects: West Durham - 4% option would distribute Coxhoe, Langley Park, sites are located the

Durham housing across the County. Lanchester and Esh Winning. Mid Durham - 11% following proportions of Please note that these are The figures for Durham City housing are provided to give East Durham - 14% not definitive figures: and Central Durham are an indication of how each

therefore the only ones that option would distribute Housing Please see Map 1 West Durham - 4% change for this option. housing across the County.

Plan: Mid Durham - 16% Please note that these are East Durham - 15% In relation to areas within not definitive figures: which European protected

Growth

Issues sites are located the following West Durham - 5% Please see Map 2 proportions of housing are Mid Durham - 18% provided to give an indication of how each option would East Durham - 16%

and distribute housing across the and County. Please note that these Please see Map 4

are not definitive figures:

Distribution Options

West Durham - 4% Mid Durham - 16% East Durham - 15%

2016

Please see Map 3 191 C 192 C Interim

Part A: The Option(s) Screening

Part B: Impact Pathways

Habitats Option Main Town Focus Potentially Affected Sustainable Potentially Sustainable Potentially Wider Potentially European Protected Communities Affected Communities Affected Dispersal Affected

Site(s) European with Central European European for

Protected Durham Protected Protected Likely

Regulations Site(s) Villages Site(s) Site(s)

Air Quality West Durham West Durham Predicted As for Given that As for Main Predicted As for Main

likely Main housing Town Focus likely Town Significant This option, along with the Sustainable North Pennine significant Town distribution option significant Focus Communities and Sustainable Communities with Moors SAC effects are as Focus under the effects are as option Central Durham Villages options promote the North Pennine for those option Sustainable for for those

Assessment same level of housing growth to West Durham. Moors SPA documented Communities documented Whilst West Durham receives the lowest level Moor House Upper under the with Central under the Main

Main Town Durham Town Focus of housing distribution across the County with Teesdale SAC Effects: Focus option, Villages Option option. the exception of the wider dispersal option North Pennine However, is the same as However the where the distribution equals that of Durham Dales Meadows distribution under the wider dispersal City, there is potential for new housing and SAC associated emissions from traffic growth to under the Sustainable scenario

Housing significantly effect the integrity of all western Sustainable Communities increases the of Mid Durham European protected sites in combination with Communities option, this housing the proposals to promote tourism and haulage option is option also distribution associated with increased minerals working. Thrislington SAC likely to increases and therefore

County increase the population population

Mid Durham population in growth to Mid increase to Growth Mid Durham and East West, Mid and East Durham over Durham and Whilst this option would result in the lowest level

Durham and and above the East Durham. Durham of housing growth to the Mid Durham area an

therefore Main Town unclassified road is within 200 metres of and potential Focus option Thrislington SAC and an increase in housing in Of all the magnitude of and therefore options, this

the local area may increase use of this road and Distribution effects. The potential emissions option distribution magnitude of Plan: increases the (and effects. magnitude of East Durham therefore effects both in

population respect of Issues This option would result in the lowest level of increase) to increased housing growth to the East Durham area. In West Durham populations to relation to associated traffic growth and remains the all areas emissions, no roads are within 200 metres of same as where and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and under the European

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

Regulations Ramsar, and only a very small proportion of Main Town Protected sites Durham Coast SAC is within 200 metres of local Focus. are located roads. Therefore, it is considered that likely and an overall Screening significant effects in respect of this impact greater pathway can be screened out. Traffic growth on magnitude of the A19 passing Castle Eden Dene SAC has population

Assessment also been screened out - please see Table 12. increase.

Air Quality is not a relevant impact pathway for Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar. for

Likely

Water Quality West Durham West Durham As above As for As above As for Main As above As for Main Main Town Focus Town

Significant of Due to the comparatively low levels of housing North Pennine Town option Focus

Focus option

the growth proposed and likely location of such (i.e. Moors SAC within existing settlements) it is considered North Pennine option

unlikely that run off or the cumulative impact of

County Moors SPA alternative wastewater disposal methods such Moor House Upper as cess pits will adversely impact upon site Teesdale SAC

integrity. However, this will be reviewed when North Pennine Effects: further information regarding potential site

Dales Meadows Durham allocations to meet the distribution are proposed. SAC

Mid Durham East Durham Housing

Plan: Water quality is not a relevant impact pathway Durham Coast for Thrislington SAC and given its location SAC adjacent to an active quarry it is highly unlikely Castle Eden Dene

Growth that housing will be located in close proximity

Issues SAC to the site eliminating any issues caused by potential run off from new housing.

East Durham and and

There is potential for new housing to impact Distribution Options upon water quality used by Durham Coast SAC. Run off from new housing could cause erosion to Castle Eden Dene SAC.

2016 193 C 194 C Interim

Part A: The Option(s) Screening

Hydrology West Durham West Durham As above As for As above As for Main As above As for Main

Habitats Main Town Focus Town Due to the comparatively low levels of housing North Pennine Town option Focus Focus option

growth proposed and likely location of such (i.e. Moors SAC for within existing settlements) it is considered North Pennine option

unlikely that new housing will require their own Moors SPA Likely

Regulations water supply which can contribute towards Moor House Upper drying out blanket bog or significantly increase Teesdale SAC run off and potential nutrient enrichment to the North Pennine

North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC. However, Dales Meadows Significant this will be reviewed when further information SAC regarding potential site allocations to meet the distribution are proposed.

East Durham Assessment Mid Durham Durham Coast

SAC Effects: Impacts to existing hydrology is not a relevant impact pathway for Thrislington SAC

East Durham Housing of

the Potential for adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if increased abstraction from groundwater

County sources is required to serve housing growth in

County Durham Growth

Habitat / West Durham West Durham As above As for As above As for Main As above As for Main Durham

Species Main Town Focus Town and Destruction or Due to the comparatively low levels of housing North Pennine Town option Focus fragmentation Focus option

growth proposed and existing measures in place Moors SAC Distribution (land take, to limit damaging activity of visitors (and their North Pennine option

Plan: recreational dogs) it is considered that new housing will not Moors SPA pressure, significantly impact the western sites as a result Moor House Upper urbanisation of recreational pressure. However, this will be Teesdale SAC

(invasive reviewed when considering the level of housing Issues species / allocations required to meet the distribution and Mid Durham increased whether the Plan specifically allocates tourism predation) related development. It is also considered Thrislington SAC reduced ability unlikely that new housing will be located outside and to adapt to of existing settlements and therefore have the climate change)

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

Regulations potential to result in land take. However, this will East Durham also be reviewed when further information Screening regarding housing allocations is available. Durham Coast Control measures may be required to govern SAC planting linked to new housing to limit risk of Northumbria Coast spread of invasive species and there is potential

SPA and Ramsar Assessment for increased predation of SPA species by Teesmouth and

domestic cats depending upon the proximity of

Cleveland Coast for new housing to the SPA. SPA

Castle Eden Dene Likely Mid Durham SAC

Whilst new housing is unlikely to result in land

Significant of take due to the location of Thrislington SAC to

an active quarry, there is potential for new the housing to increase recreational pressure and

spread of invasive species linked to County inappropriate planting.

East Durham Effects:

Durham Whilst new housing is unlikely to directly result in land take due to the coastal nature of sites it

may incur the loss of functional land for SPA Housing species. Depending upon location, new housing

may also contribute to coastal squeeze and Plan: damage to habitat as a result of increased recreation pressure from new housing located

Growth within 0-6km of the coast. Further potential for Issues additive in-combination effects from neighbouring authorities and any tourism related proposals in the Plan.Inappropriate planting

linked to new housing development may be and problematic in relation to the spread of invasive and species to Durham Coast and Castle Eden Dene

Distribution Options SAC.

2016 195 C 196 C Interim

Part A: The Option(s) Screening

Habitat or West Durham West Durham As above As for As above As for Main As above As for Main

Habitats Species Main Town Focus Town Disturbance Due to the comparatively low levels of housing North Pennine Town option Focus Focus option

growth proposed and existing measures in place Moors SPA for to limit damaging activity of visitors (and their North Pennine option

dogs) it is considered that new housing will not Moors SAC Likely

Regulations significantly impact the western sites as a result Moor House Upper of disturbance arising from increased Teesdale SAC populations and associated recreational

pressure. However, this will be reviewed when East Durham Significant considering the level of housing allocations required to meet the distribution and whether Northumbria Coast the Plan specifically allocates tourism related

SPA and Ramsar

Assessment development. The potential in-combination impact of new minerals working activity may Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast

also need to be taken into account. Effects: SPA and Ramsar Mid Durham

Disturbance is not a relevant impact pathway Housing

of for Thrislington SAC the East Durham

County

New housing located within 0-6km of the coast Growth is considered likely to increase levels of disturbance to qualifying species. Potential for in combination impacts with other neighbouring

Durham authorities and any tourism related development

allocated within the Plan and

Distribution

Plan: Part C: Conclusion

Option A B C D

Issues Can a decision No - potential for likely significant effects to the following sites: As for Main Town Focus As for Main Town Focus option As for Main Town Focus of 'no effect on option option the site at all' North Pennine Moors SAC, SPA and Moor House Upper Teesdale

be made?

and SAC- air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take, recreational pressure, increased predation, invasive species and disturbance

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

Regulations North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC - air quality, water quality, hydrology Screening Thrislington SAC - air quality, recreational pressure Castle Eden Dene SAC - water quality, invasive species Durham Coast SAC - water quality, hydrology, recreational pressure,

invasive species Assessment Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar and Teesmouth and Cleveland

Coast SPA and Ramsar - coastal squeeze, loss of functional land, for recreational pressure and disturbance

Likely

Of all the potential impact pathways listed above those that are considered most likely to occur relate to recreational pressure and disturbance to coastal

European protected sites due to existing known levels of pressure and the Significant of recreational draw of the coast, not only for residents within County Durham the but from those visiting from neighbouring authorities or further afield.

County Is the option Yes possibly, particularly in relation to recreational pressure and disturbance. As for Main Town Focus As for Main Town Focus option As for Main Town Focus

likely to have a However, the additive impact of other plans and projects to the issue, option option Effects: significant particularly within neighbouring authorities will also be considered

Durham effect 'alone'?

Will the The following impact pathways may need to be considered in an 'in As for Main Town Focus As for Main Town Focus option As for Main Town Focus

implementation combination assessment': option option Housing of the option All western upland sites - air quality, recreational pressure and

Plan: have some disturbance potential effect but no

Growth

Issues significant effect 'alone' and therefore require an 'in

and

combination' and assessment?

Distribution Options Part D: In Combination Assessment

Which other Western upland sites - proposals within the County Durham Plan that As for Main Town Focus As for Main Town Focus option As for Main Town Focus plans or increase levels of minerals haulage and tourism related traffic and option option

projects are activity may act in combination with increased populations and traffic 2016 likely to give growth to impact upon sites through changes to air quality and rise to additive increased recreational pressure and levels of disturbance 197 C 198 C Interim

Part A: The Option(s) Screening

adverse in

Habitats combination effects and how?

for

Part E: In Combination Assessment Conclusion Likely

Regulations Will the project If an in-combination assessment is required this will be undertaken once As for Main Town Focus As for Main Town Focus option As for Main Town Focus have likely further information is available. option option

significant Significant effects on European Protected Sites

Assessment ‘in combination’?

Effects:

Housing of the

County

Growth

Durham

and

Distribution

Plan:

Issues and

Options

2016 Screening for Likely Significant Effects: Housing Growth and Distribution C

Map 1 Housing Distribution as per Main Town Focus Option

Map 2 Housing Distribution as per Sustainable Communities Option

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 199 C Screening for Likely Significant Effects: Housing Growth and Distribution

Map 3 Housing Distribution as per Sustainable Communities with Central Durham Villages Option

Map 4 Housing Distribution as per Wider Dispersal Option

200 Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 Screening for Likley Significant Effects: Minerals Options D

Interim Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan: Issues and Options 2016 201 202 D Interim

D Screening for Likley Significant Effects: Minerals Options Screening

Table 55 Likely Significant Effects: Spatial Approach to Carboniferous Limestone

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

for Issue under consideration Where to locate new Carboniferous Limestone working in West Durham

Likley

Regulations Description of options A: Only outside of the North Pennines AONB and in areas not subject B: As (a) but in addition proposals for extensions to existing quarries to international or national biodiversity designations and the reworking of former carboniferous limestone quarries within

the AONB which have not been restored properly (provided they also Significant create or safeguard employment, do not have an adverse impact on European sites and provide substantive landscape, biodiversity and geodiversity benefits) should also be considered.

Assessment Part B: Impact Pathways

Effects: Option A Potentially Affected B Potentially Affected European Protected European Protected Site(s) Site(s)

Minerals of Air Quality Whilst this option is likely to reduce the risk of North Pennine The Council's 2015 Review of Existing North Pennine

the 'Likely Significant Effects,' the location of new Moors SAC Decisions and Consents report identified that Moors SAC minerals working outside of the AONB and North Pennine the reworking of the following dormant sites North Pennine

County SAC, SPA's could still impact upon relevant Moors SPA (which are within the AONB but outside SAC Moors SPA

sites through vehicular emissions associated Moor House and SPA's) could incur likely significant Options with the transportation of minerals and Upper Teesdale effects as a result of dust emission and/or deposition of dust emissions. SAC vehicular emissions:

Durham North Pennine Dales Meadows Greenfield Quarry SAC Parson Byers Quarry

Therefore, it is assumed that any proposals Plan: for the re-working of these sites would need to be subject to Appropriate Assessment.

Following which, only those which Issues demonstrate no adverse effect on integrity would be considered further in line with the remit of this option. and

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

Regulations Water Quality Whilst this option is likely to reduce the risk of North Pennine The Council's 2015 Review of Existing North Pennine 'Likely Significant Effects,' the location of new Moors SAC Decisions and Consents report identified that Moors SAC minerals working outside of the AONB and North Pennine the reworking of the following dormant sites North Pennine SAC, SPA's could still impact upon relevant Moors SPA (which are within the AONB but outside SAC Moors SPA sites through the contamination of surface Moor House and SPA's) could potentially contaminate North Pennine

and/or groundwater serving the sites. surface and / or groundwater sources

Assessment Upper Teesdale Dales Meadows SAC required by the North Pennine Dales SAC North Pennine Meadows SAC and / or the North Pennine Dales Meadows Moors SAC and SPA:

SAC Screening White Hill Quarry Parson Byers Quarry of

the Therefore, it is assumed that any proposals

for the re-working of these sites would need for

County to be subject to Appropriate Assessment.

Following which, only those which Likley demonstrate no adverse effect on integrity would be considered further in line with the

Durham remit of this option.

Significant

Hydrology Whilst this option is likely to reduce the risk of North Pennine The Council's 2015 Review of Existing North Pennine 'Likely Significant Effects,' the location of new Moors SAC Decisions and Consents report identified that Moors SAC

Plan: minerals working outside of the AONB and North Pennine the reworking of the following dormant sites North Pennine

SAC, SPA's could still impact upon relevant Moors SPA (which are within the AONB but outside SAC Moors SPA sites through changes to hydrology affecting and SPA's) could potentially affect Effects:

Moor House North Pennine Issues the quantity of surface and/or groundwater Upper Teesdale groundwater and / or surface water flows to Dales Meadows required by qualifying species / habitats. SAC the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC and SAC North Pennine / or the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA:

Minerals

and Dales Meadows SAC Greenfield Quarry

White Hill Quarry Options Parson Byers Quarry

Options Therefore, it is assumed that any proposals for the re-working of these sites would need

2016 to be subject to Appropriate Assessment. Following which, only those which 203 D 204 D Interim

Part A: The Option(s) Screening

demonstrate no adverse effect on integrity

Habitats would be considered further in line with the remit of this option

for

Likley

Habitat / Species Whilst this option is likely to reduce the risk of North Pennine The Council's 2015 Review of Existing North Pennine Regulations Destruction or 'Likely Significant Effects,' the location of new Moors SAC Decisions and Consents report identified that Moors SPA fragmentation (land take, minerals working outside of the AONB and North Pennine the reworking of the following dormant sites, North Pennine

recreational pressure, SAC, SPA's could still impact upon relevant Moors SPA (which are within the AONB but outside SAC Moors SAC Significant urbanisation (invasive sites through the loss of important functional Moor House and SPA's) whilst not resulting in direct land species / increased land for qualifying species. Upper Teesdale take from a European site could result in the predation) reduced ability to SAC loss of important functional land for qualifying

Assessment adapt to climate change) North Pennine SPA species: Dales Meadows

Puddingthorn Quarry

SAC Effects: Greenfield Quarry White Hill Quarry Parson Byers Quarry

Minerals of Therefore, it is assumed that any proposals the for the re-working of these sites would need to be subject to Appropriate Assessment.

County Following which, only those which

demonstrate no adverse effect on integrity Options would be considered further in line with the remit of this option.

Durham

Habitat or Species Whilst this option is likely to reduce the risk of North Pennine Due to the proximity of the North Pennine North Pennine Disturbance 'Likely Significant Effects,' the location of new Moors SPA Moors SPA, an extension to the only existing Moors SPA and

Plan: minerals working outside of the AONB and North Pennine active Quarry within the AONB (Heights associated SAC, SPA's could still impact upon relevant Moors SAC Quarry) has the potential to cause functional land sites through increased levels of disturbance Moor House disturbance to qualifying SPA species during

Issues as a result of noise and possibly vibration Upper Teesdale the breeding season , e.g. as a result of noise associated with blasting activities. SAC and vibration associated with blasting activities, and as a result of movement of vehicles along access routes to and from the

and quarry site.

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

Regulations In addition, the Council's 2015 Review of Existing Decisions and Consents report identified that the reworking of the following dormant sites (which are within the AONB but outside SAC and SPA's) which could

provide important functional land for Assessment qualifying SPA species could cause disturbance:

Puddingthorn Quarry Screening Greenfield Quarry White Hills Quarry of Parson Byers Quarry the

Therefore, it is assumed that any proposals for

County for the re-working of these sites would need

to be subject to Appropriate Assessment. Likley Following which, only those which demonstrate no adverse effect on integrity

Durham would be considered further in line with the Significant remit of this option.

Part C: Conclusion Plan:

Option A B Effects:

Issues Can a decision of 'no effect No but further information is required in relation to the specific location No - if any proposals for the quarry sites listed are supported in the on the site at all' be made? of sites Plan under this Option

Minerals

and Is the option likely to have a Yes possibly but further information is required in relation to the specific Yes possibly - if any of the quarry sites listed are supported in the Plan significant effect 'alone'? location of sites. under this Option.

Options Will the implementation of

the option have some potential effect but no Options significant effect 'alone' and

2016 therefore require an 'in combination' assessment? 205 D 206 D Interim

Part A: The Option(s) Screening

Part D: In Combination Assessment

Habitats Which other plans or projects

are likely to give rise to for additive adverse in

combination effects and Likley

Regulations how?

Part E: In Combination Assessment Conclusion

Significant Will the project have likely significant effects on

European Protected Sites ‘in Assessment combination’?

Effects: Table 56 Likely Significant Effects: Spatial Approach to Sand and Gravel

Part A: The Option(s)

Minerals of

Issue under Due to issues over the likely implementation of some permitted sand and gravel, the Council considers that there may be a need to allocate some sites for the consideration longer term working in order to provide certainty. Options therefore exist in elation to the factors that should be considered in order to ensure a steady and

adequate supply of resource County

Description of A: Proposals to deepen existing B: Proposals to laterally C:New sand and gravel sites, D:New sand and gravel working E:Don’t allocate new Options options magnesian limestone sites where extend existing magnesian working fluvial or glacial sand fluvial or glacial sand and sites or extend existing basal Permian sand lies beneath limestone sites where basal and gravels wherever the gravels in locations outside of sites (this includes

Durham the existing quarry void at Permian sand lies at resources occurs environmentally important areas lateral extensions or accessible depths accessible depths and in locations in close deepening) proximity to markets e.g. Central Durham and the Tyne

Plan: and Wear and Tees Valley conurbations

Issues Part B: Impact Pathways

Option A Potentially B Potentially C Potentially D Potentially E Potentially Affected Affected Affected Affected Affected

and European European European European European

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

Regulations Protected Protected Protected Protected Protected Site(s) Site(s) Site(s) Site(s) Site(s)

Air Quality There are a number Thrislington Existing Thrislington Due to the All relevant It is assumed -Durham No effect N/A of existing active and SAC quarry sites SAC widespread sites with the that this option Coast SAC The

inactive sites within within the availability of exception of will avoid Council's Assessment the basal Permian basal fluvial and Northumbria locations within -Thrislington 2015 sand outcrop. Those Permian sand glacial sands Coast SPA designated SAC Review of falling within a 3km outcrop and in County and Ramsar sites and also Existing

buffer of European those within Durham, those within -Castle Eden Decisions Screening Protected sites 3km of allowing designated and (a) Dene SAC include: European working landscapes Consents

of Protected wherever the such as the report sites include: resource North Pennines screened -Thrislington Quarry the occurs would AONB. out

have the Therefore, potential for -Bishop Middleham -Thrislington County potential to compared to adverse

Quarry Likley -Cornforth East adversely Option C the effects as -Bishop affect all range of a result of European potentially continued

Middleham

Durham -Cornforth West

Protected affected sites is working Significant sites that are minimised. of active The Council's 2015 -Cornforth sensitive to However, there sand and Review of Existing East changes to is still potential gravel Decisions and

Plan: air quality for the working sites or Consents report -Cornforth of new sites to reworking West

screened out

adversely of Effects: potential adverse

Issues affect dormant effects as a result of The Council's European sites sites dust or vehicle 2015 Review that are emissions to of Existing

sensitive to Minerals

Thrislington SAC Decisions and changes to air from implementing and Consents quality outside the consents report of these areas Options associated with the screened out above mentioned potential

sites. However, a adverse Options review of existing effects as a

2016 dust management result of dust practices may be or vehicle 207 D 208 D Interim

Part A: The Option(s) Screening

required in the event emissions to

Habitats that additional Thrislington consents for SAC from

deepening implementing for Thrislignton Quarry the consents

which is adjacent to associated Likley

Regulations the SAC is sought. with the In the event that this above option is selected, mentioned

safeguards may sites. Significant need to be included within the Plan to However, the

ensure that only Assessment extension of proposals that can Thrislington demonstrate that Quarry may they will not adversely Effects: adversely effects the affect integrity of European Thrislington Protected sites will SAC via dust

Minerals of be approved. emissions.

Due to the the prevailing

wind direction County this is the

only quarry Options that has the

potential to Durham adversely affect the SAC via this impact

Plan: pathway.

Issues Water Quality In relation to existing N/A No impact Thrislington Due to the -Durham It is assumed -Durham As above N/A sites within the basal predicted as SAC widespread Coast SAC that this option Coast SAC Permian sand for option A availability of will avoid outcrop and those fluvial and locations within

-Castle Eden and designated Dene SAC sites and also

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

Regulations within 3km of glacial sands -Castle Eden those within European Protected in County Dene SAC designated sites, the Council's Durham, landscapes 2015 Review of allowing -North such as the Existing Decisions working Pennine North Pennines

and Consents report wherever the AONB.

Assessment Moors SAC screened out resource Therefore, potential adverse occurs would -North compared to effects as a result of have the Pennine Option C the

changes to water potential to Moors SPA range of Screening quality. adversely potentially affect all -Moor House affected sites is of The quarry sites are European Upper minimised. Protected However, there not connected to

the Teesdale European Protected sites that are is still potential

SAC for

sites by sensitive to for the working County changes to of new sites to watercourses and

-North Likley water quality adversely the qualifying Pennine affect features of Dales European sites

Thrislington SAC are

Durham Meadows

that are Significant not sensitive to SAC changes to sensitive to groundwater. changes to Potential adverse water quality

Plan: effects to European outside of Protected sites as a these areas

result of the impact Effects:

Issues of deepening existing quarry sites upon water quality

can be screened out Minerals and

Options Hydrology In relation to existing N/A No impact Thrislington Due to the -Durham It is assumed -Durham As above N/A sites within the basal predicted as SAC widespread Coast SAC that this option Coast SAC

Permian sand for option A availability of will avoid Options outcrop and those fluvial and -North locations within

within 3km of glacial sands Pennine designated 2016 European Protected in County Moors SAC sites and also sites, the Council's Durham, those within 209 D 210 D Interim

Part A: The Option(s) Screening

2015 Review of allowing -North designated

Habitats Existing Decisions working Pennine landscapes and Consents report wherever the Moors SPA such as the

screened out resource North Pennines for potential adverse occurs would -Moor House AONB.

effects as a result of have the Therefore, Likley Upper Regulations changes to potential to Teesdale compared to hydrology adversely SAC Option C the affect all range of

Significant Natural England's European -North potentially Management Plan Protected Pennine affected sites is for Thrislington sites that are Dales minimised.

sensitive to However, there Assessment National Nature Meadows Reserve states that changes to SAC is still potential hydrology for the working 'Hydrological surveys carried out of new sites to Effects: by Redland adversely aggregates (now affect Lafarge) show that European sites

Minerals of the water table is at that are

94 metres AOD sensitive to the relative to a land hydrological

surface at 131 change outside County metres AOD. Flow is of these areas

from northeast to Options southwest

suggesting that even Durham at the surface, water flow from external sources will not affect the site. Water

Plan: table changes are unlikely to affect surface vegetation.

Issues Potential adverse effects to European Protected sites as a and result of the impact of deepening

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

Regulations existing quarry sites upon hydrology can be screened out

Habitat / As the deepening of N/A Proposals to Thrislington Due to the All sites No effect as a -Northumbria As above N/A Assessment Species existing quarries will extend SAC widespread result of direct Coast SPA Destruction or take place within Thrislington availability of land take. fragmentation existing quarry voids Quarry under fluvial and However, there -Teesmouth

(land take, this option is unlikely this option glacial sands is potential that and Screening recreational to incur habitat may lead to in County new working Cleveland pressure, destruction or direct land Durham, near to the Coast SPA

of urbanisation fragmentation via the take from allowing coast and

(invasive direct or indirect Thrislington working outside of the the species / methods listed. SAC wherever the Heritage Coast

for

increased resource landscape County

predation) occurs would definition could reduced ability have the result in the Likley to adapt to potential to loss of climate change) adversely functional land

Durham

affect all Significant European Protected sites

Plan: Habitat or This is not a relevant N/A This is not a N/A Due to the -Northumbria There is -Northumbria As above N/A

Species impact pathway for relevant widespread Coast SPA potential that Coast SPA Effects:

Issues Disturbance Thrislington SAC impact availability of and Ramsar new working pathway for fluvial and near to the -Teesmouth Thrislington glacial sands -Teesmouth coast and and

SAC in County outside of the

and Cleveland Minerals and Durham, Cleveland Heritage Coast Coast SPA allowing Coast SPA landscape

Options working and Ramsar definition could wherever the result in the

resource -North disturbance of Options occurs would Pennine qualifying have the features using

Moors SPA 2016 potential to functional land adversely 21 D 1 212 D Interim

Part A: The Option(s) Screening

affect all

Habitats European Protected

sites that are for sensitive to

disturbance Likley

Regulations Part C: Conclusion

Option A B C D E Significant

Can a decision No - In the event that this option is No - In the event that this No - Due to the widespread No - However, this option Yes

of 'no effect on selected and proposals were option is selected and availability of fluvial and minimises the range of sites that Assessment the site at all' forthcoming from Thrislington proposals were forthcoming glacial sands in County could be adversely affected be made? Quarry as a result, there is the from Thrislington Quarry as Durham, allowing working

potential for adverse effects to a result, there is the potential wherever the resource occurs Effects: Thrislington SAC via dust emissions for adverse effects to has the potential to affect all depending upon the adequacy of Thrislington SAC via dust sites within the County via existing control measures emissions and direct land one or more impact pathway.

Minerals of take. Dust emission may be

more problematic than those the generated under option A as

initially the extended sites County will not be worked at depth

until sufficient overburden is Options removed.

Durham Is the option Yes, possibly. However, to ensure Yes, possibly Yes, possibly Yes, possibly likely to have a the avoidance of such effects significant safeguards could be included within effect 'alone'? the Plan to ensure that only

Plan: proposals that can demonstrate that they will not adversely effect the integrity of European Protected

Issues sites will be approved.

Will the implementation

and of the option have some

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

Regulations potential effect but no significant effect 'alone' and therefore

require an 'in Assessment combination' assessment?

Part D: In Combination Assessment Screening

Which other

plans or of projects are the likely to give

rise to additive for

County adverse in

combination Likley effects and how?

Durham

Significant Part E: In Combination Assessment Conclusion

Will the project

have likely Plan: significant

effects on Effects:

European Issues Protected Sites ‘in

combination’? Minerals and a. Please note that the 3km buffer is taken from Natural England's own criteria for considering consultation on changes to land use which have the potential to affect SSSI's. The buffer for quarry

sites is listed as 3km. Natural England agreed to the use of this buffer when the Council undertook a review of existing minerals decisions and consents Options

Options

2016 213 D 214 D Interim

Table 57 Likely Significant Effects: Spatial Approach to Natural Building and Roofing Stone Screening

Part A: The Option(s)

Habitats Issue under Where to locate new Natural Building and Roofing Stone in West Durham

consideration for

Description of A: Only outside of the North Pennines AONB and in B: Locate new working to areas outside the North C: Do not provide locational guidance Likley

Regulations options areas not subject to international or national biodiversity Pennines AONB and international or national designations biodiversity designations but allow some small scale working in certain circumstances within the

AONB Significant

Part B: Impact Pathways

Assessment Option A Potentially Affected B Potentially Affected C Potentially Affected European Protected European Protected European

Site(s) Site(s) Protected Site(s) Effects:

Air Quality Whilst this option is likely to North Pennine As for option A, however North Pennine This option will not North reduce the risk of 'Likely Moors SAC this option has the Moors SAC steer new working Pennine

Minerals of Significant Effects,' the location North Pennine potential to locate working North Pennine away from Moors SAC of new minerals working in closer proximity to designated sites, Moors SPA Moors SPA North the outside of the AONB and SAC, Moor House European Protected sites Moor House therefore there is an Pennine SPA's could still impact upon which may increase the increased risk of Upper Upper Moors SPA County relevant sites through vehicular Teesdale SAC risk of adverse effects as Teesdale SAC direct effects to sites Moor House

emissions associated with the North Pennine a result of dust emissions. North Pennine as a result of dust Upper Options transportation of minerals and Dales Dales and vehicle Teesdale deposition of dust emissions. emissions. Meadows SAC Meadows SAC SAC Durham North Pennine Dales Meadows

Plan: SAC

Water Quality Whilst this option is likely to North Pennine As for option A, however North Pennine This option will not North

Issues reduce the risk of 'Likely Moors SAC this option has the Moors SAC steer new working Pennine Significant Effects,' the location North Pennine potential to locate working North Pennine away from Moors SAC of new minerals working Moors SPA in closer proximity to Moors SPA designated sites, North outside of the AONB and SAC, European Protected sites therefore there is an

Pennine and Moors SPA

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

Regulations SPA's could still impact upon Moor House which may increase the Moor House increased risk of Moor House relevant sites through the Upper risk of adverse effects as Upper direct effects to sites Upper contamination of surface Teesdale SAC a result of changes to Teesdale SAC as a result of Teesdale and/or groundwater serving the North Pennine water quality North Pennine changes to water SAC sites. Dales Dales quality. North

Meadows SAC Meadows SAC Pennine Assessment Dales Meadows SAC Screening Hydrology Whilst this option is likely to North Pennine As for option A, however North Pennine This option will not North reduce the risk of 'Likely Moors SAC this option has the Moors SAC steer new working Pennine

of Significant Effects,' the location North Pennine potential to locate working North Pennine away from Moors SAC

of new minerals working Moors SPA in closer proximity to Moors SPA designated sites, North the outside of the AONB and SAC, European Protected sites therefore there is an Pennine Moor House North Pennine for

SPA's could still impact upon which may increase the increased risk of Moors SPA County Upper Dales

relevant sites through changes Teesdale SAC risk of adverse effects as Meadows SAC direct effects to sites Moor House Likley to hydrology affecting the North Pennine a result of changes to as a result of Upper quantity of surface and/or Dales hydrology changes to Teesdale

groundwater required by hydrology. SAC

Durham Meadows SAC

qualifying species / habitats. North Significant Pennine Dales Meadows

Plan: SAC

Habitat / Species Whilst this option is likely to North Pennine As for option A, however North Pennine This option will not North Effects:

Issues Destruction or reduce the risk of 'Likely Moors SAC this option has the Moors SPA steer new working Pennine fragmentation (land Significant Effects,' the location North Pennine potential to locate working North Pennine away from Moors SPA take, recreational of new minerals working Moors SPA in closer proximity to Moors SAC designated sites, North

Minerals pressure, outside of the AONB and SAC, Moor House European Protected sites Moor House therefore there is an Pennine and urbanisation SPA's could still impact upon Upper which may increase the Upper increased risk of Moors SAC (invasive species / relevant sites through the loss risk of adverse effects as direct land take from

Teesdale SAC Teesdale SAC Moor House Options increased predation) of important functional land for North Pennine a result of loss of functional North Pennine sites Upper reduced ability to qualifying species. land for qualifying species

Dales Dales Teesdale adapt to climate Meadows SAC Meadows SAC SAC Options change) North

2016 Pennine Dales 215 D 216 D Interim

Part A: The Option(s) Screening

Meadows

Habitats SAC

Habitat or Species Whilst this option is likely to North Pennine As for option A, however North Pennine This option will not North for Disturbance reduce the risk of 'Likely Moors SPA this option has the Moors SPA steer new working Pennine

Likley

Significant Effects,' the location North Pennine potential to locate working North Pennine away from Moors SPA Regulations of new minerals working Moors SAC in closer proximity to Moors SAC designated sites, North outside of the AONB and SAC, Moor House European Protected sites Moor House therefore there is an Pennine

SPA's could still impact upon Upper which may increase the Upper increased risk of Moors SAC Significant relevant sites through Teesdale SAC risk of adverse effects to Teesdale SAC direct disturbance to Moor House increased levels of disturbance qualifying species as a qualifying features Upper as a result of noise and result of disturbance Teesdale

Assessment possibly vibration associated SAC with blasting activities.

Part C: Conclusion Effects:

Option A B C

Minerals of Can a decision of 'no No but further information is required in relation to the No but further information is required in relation to No

effect on the site at specific location of sites the specific location of sites the all' be made?

County Is the option likely to Yes possibly but further information is required in Yes possibly but further information is required in Yes

have a significant relation to the specific location of sites. relation to the specific location of sites. Options effect 'alone'?

Durham Will the implementation of the option have some potential effect

Plan: but no significant effect 'alone' and therefore require an

Issues 'in combination' assessment?

Part D: In Combination Assessment and

Options

2016 Interim

Habitats

Part A: The Option(s)

Regulations Which other plans or projects are likely to give rise to additive adverse in combination effects

and how? Assessment

Part E: In Combination Assessment Conclusion

Will the project have Screening likely significant effects on European

Protected Sites ‘in of combination’? the

for

County

Likley

Durham

Significant

Plan:

Effects:

Issues

Minerals and

Options

Options

2016 217 D