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Download Complete Work AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Warén, Anders, and M. R. Crossland, 1991. Revision of Hypermastus Pilsbry, 1899 and Turveria Berry, 1956 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Eulimidae), two genera parasitic on sand dollars. Records of the Australian Museum 43(1): 85–112. [22 March 1991]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.43.1991.42 ISSN 0067-1975 Published by the Australian Museum, Sydney naturenature cultureculture discover discover AustralianAustralian Museum Museum science science is is freely freely accessible accessible online online at at www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/ 66 CollegeCollege Street,Street, SydneySydney NSWNSW 2010,2010, AustraliaAustralia Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Vo!. 43: 85-112. ISSN 0067-1975 85 Revision of Hypermastus Pilsbry, 1899 and Turveria Berry, 1956 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Eulimidae), Two Genera Parasitic on Sand Dollars ANDERS W AREN 1 & MICHAEL R. CROSSLAND 2 ISwedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Marine Biology, School of Biological Sciences, lames Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia ABSTRACT. Nine new eulimid gastropods belonging to the genera Hypermastus Pilsbry, 1899 and Turveria Berry, 1956 are described. Fifteen more eulimids, previously mainly classified in Eulima Risso, 1826 and without known hosts are transfered to Hypermastus based on shell characters. The species with known hosts are parasitic exclusively on clypeasteroid sea urchins (sand dollars) and parasitise the hosts by penetrating the test with their proboscis and ingesting fluid from the vascular system or the gonads of the host. The snails live on their hosts for periods of a few days and dwell in the sediment most of the time. WARE-N, A. & M.R. CROSSLAND, 1991. Revision of Hypermastus Pilsbry, 1899 and Turveria Berry, 1956 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Eulimidae), two genera parasitic on sand dollars. Records of the Australian Museum 43( I): 85-112. Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 86 Material & Methods ................................................................................................................................. 'ifl Biology .................................................................................................................................................... 88 Hypermastus Pilsbry, 1899 ...................................................................................................................... 89 Hypermastus acutus (Sowerby, 1834) ..................................................................................................... 89 Hypermastus acutus (A. Adams, 1851) ..................................................................................................... 91 Hypermastus auritae n.sp., Wan~n .......................................................................................................... 91 Hyper.mastus boschorum n.sp., Wan~n ................................................................................................... 92 Hypermastus bulbula (Murdoch & Suter, 1906) ...................................................................................... 92 Hypermastus casta (A. Adams, 1861) ....................................................................................................... 92 86 Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Vo!. 43 Hypermastus colmani n.sp., Wan~n ......................................................................................................... 95 Hypermastus coxi (Pilsbry, 1900) ............................................................................................................ 95 Hypermastus cylindrica (Sowerby, 1900) ................................................................................................ 95 Hypermastus echinodisci Wan~n, 1980 .................................................. ; ................................................ 95 Hypermastus epeterion (Melvill, 1889) ................................................................................................... CJ7 Hypermastus epiphanes (Melvill, 1897) .................................................................................................. CJ7 Hypermastus georgiregis (Cotton & Godfrey, 1932) .............................................................................. CJ7 Hypermastus indistincta (Thiele, 1925) ................................................................................................... CJ7 Hypermastus kilburni n.sp., Wan~n ........................................................................................................ 99 Hypermastus minor n.sp., Wan~n ............................................................................................................ 99 Hypermastusmucronata(Sowerby, 1866) ............................................................................................. 100 Hypermastus obliquistomum n.sp.,Waren ............................................................................................. 100 Hypermastus peronellicola (Kuroda & Habe, 1950) ............................................................................. 100 Hypermastus placentae n.sp., Waren & Crossland .............................................................................. 100 Hypermastus productus (Sowerby, 1904) ............................................................................................. 102 Hypermastus randolphi (Vanatta, 1900) ................................................................................................. 102 Hypermastus sauliae Waren, 1980 ........................................................................................................ 102 Hypermastus serratus n.sp., Waren ...................................................................................................... 104 Hypermastus tenuissimae n.sp., Waren ................................................................................................ 104 Hypermastus williamsi (Cotton & Godfrey, 1932) ................................................................................. 106 Turveria Berry, 1956 ............................................................................................................................ 107 Turveria encopendema Berry, 1956 .................................................................................................... 108 Turveria schwengelae (Bartsch, 1938) ................................................................................................. 108 Doubtful species .................................................................................................................................... 108 Eulima philippiana Dunker, 1860 ........................................................................................................... 108 Summary of taxonomic changes ............................................................................................................ 111 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. 111 References ............................................................................................................................................ 111 Appendix 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 112 Gastropods of the family Eulimidae are well known to Examination of several hundred species with known be parasites of echinoderms and numerous species are hosts (mostly unpublished) has shown that species with known to parasitise and to a varying degree be host similar apertures live on related host echinoderms. It has specific on all kinds of echinoderms (Waren, 1984). Most also become evident that most members of a group of species are fairly normal looking prosobranchs, but some species with similar host choice and morphology of the have become so adapted to their parasitic life that they aperture show other similarities (e.g. fine structure of the can only be recognised as molluscs from the veliger proboscis or micro-sculpture of the shell). As a working larva. hypothesis, Waren (1984) has therefore used host choice The species discussed here belong to the former and shape of aperture for classification, since in most group and retain most of the organs present in cases preserved material has not been available for Caenogastropoda, except a radula. detailed anatomical work. Classification of eulimids is difficult since the shell IS Three of the species discussed in this paper, very featureless and many of the most conspicuous Hypermastus placentae, H. tenuissimae and H. auritae features of the shell (e.g. a mucronate larval shell and have been serially sectioned. The anatomy of the inflated, thin-shelled whorls) are the result of adaptations proboscis was found to be identical, but this will be to a parasitic life which have evolved independently discussed in another paper. many times. The mucronate larval shell, for example, is Many groups of eulimids are known to parasitise sea the result of good protection on the host for newly urchins and were reviewed by Waren (1984). However, settled snails. This allows rapid growth up to a certain size, the vast majority of these parasites are associated with when the protection becomes less efficient.
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