Fenomena Lgbt Dalam Masyarakat Jepang Dewasa Ini

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Fenomena Lgbt Dalam Masyarakat Jepang Dewasa Ini FENOMENA LGBT DALAM MASYARAKAT JEPANG DEWASA INI GENDAI NO NIHON SHAKAI NI OKERU LGBT GENSHOU SKRIPSI Skripsi ini diajukan kepada Panitia Ujian Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat ujian skripsi dalam bidang ilmu Sastra Jepang OLEH: RATNA NOVITA SARI NASUTION 150722011 PROGRAM STUDI SASTRA JEPANG EKSTENSI FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 Universitas Sumatera Utara FENOMENA LGBT DALAM MASYARAKAT JEPANG DEWASA INI GENDAI NO NIHON SHAKAI NI OKERU LGBT GENSHOU OLEH: RATNA NOVITA SARI NASUTION 150722011 SKRIPSI Skripsi ini diajukan kepada Panitia Ujian Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat ujian skripsi dalam bidang ilmu Sastra Jepang Pembimbing I Pembimbing II Prof. Hamzon Situmorang, MS.,Ph.D Drs.Nandi S NIP : 19580704 198412 1 001 NIP : 131763366 PROGRAM STUDI SASTRA JEPANG EKSTENSI FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 Universitas Sumatera Utara Disetujui oleh : Program Studi Sastra Jepang (Ekstensi) Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Medan, Januari 2018 Departemen Sastra Jepang Ketua, Prof. Hamzon Situmorang, MS.,Ph.D NIP : 19580704 198412 1 001 Universitas Sumatera Utara PENGESAHAN Diterima Oleh, Panitia Ujian Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat ujian Sarjana dalam bidang Ilmu Sastra Jepang pada Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Pada : Tanggal : Hari : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Dekan, Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. NIP : 19600805 198703 1 001 Panitia Ujian : No. Nama Tanda Tangan 1. Prof. Hamzon Situmorang, MS.,Ph.D ( ) 2. Drs.Nandi S ( ) 3. Adriana Hasibuan, S.S., M.Hum. ( ) Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Segala puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa atas berkat dan kasih karuniaNya penulis dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya ini guna melengkapi salah satu syarat untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana pada Universitas Sumatera Utara. AdapunFenomenajudulLGBT Skripsidalam in Masyarakat Jepang Dewasa Ini” Penulis menyadari bahwa kertas karya ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan, baik dari pengkajian, penguraian materi, dan pembahan masalah dikarenakan keterbatasan kemampuan penulis. Tetapi berkat bimbingan dari berbagai pihak yang telah banyak membantu penulis sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya ini. Dengan segala kerendahan hati pada kesempatan kali ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah banyak membantu terutama kepada : 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Bapak Prof. Hamzon Situmorang, MS.,Ph.D selaku Ketua Program Studi Sastra Jepang, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara dan selaku Dosen pembimbing saya. 3. Bapak Drs.Nandi S selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktu dan pikirannya untuk membimbing dan memberikan petunjuk kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan kertas karya ini. i Universitas Sumatera Utara 4. Buat kedua Orang Tuaku tercinta serta adik-adikku yang selalu memotivasi bahkan mendukungku selama proses perkuliahan hingga saat ini. 5. Buat teman-teman satu stambuk Ekstensi Sastra Jepang 2015. Semoga Allah SWT Merahmati kita semua. Akhirnya penulis berharap semoga kertas karya ini dapat menambah dan memperluas pengetahuan kita semua, terima kasih Medan, Januari 2018 (Ratna Novita Sari Nasution) NIM : 150722011 ii Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... ii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ······················································· 1 1.2 Perumusan Masalah ······························································ 4 1.3 Ruang Lingkup Pembahasan ················································· 5 1.4 Tinjauan Pustaka dan Kerangka Teori ·································· 5 1.5 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ·············································· 8 1.6 Metode Penelitian ································································ 9 BAB II FENOMENA LGBT DI JEPANG DEWASA INI 2.1 Sejarah LGBT di Jepang ······················································· 11 2.2 Gambaran Fenomena LGBT di Jepang ··································· 15 2.3 Perkembangan LGBT ··························································· 17 2.3.1 Tempat ··································································· 17 2.3.2 Waktu ·································································· 19 2.3.3 Pelaku ···································································· 20 2.4 Data Statistik LGBT di Jepang ················································ 21 BAB III USAHA-USAHA UNTUK MENURUNKAN PERKEMBANGAN LGBT 3.1 Usaha Menurunkan Perkembangan LGBT······························ 26 3.1.1 Keluarga ································································ 26 3.1.2 Masyarakat ································································· 27 iii Universitas Sumatera Utara 3.1.3 Pemerintah ····························································· 27 3.2 Usaha LGBT di Jepang ························································· 28 3.3 Hak LGBT ············································································ 32 BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 4.1 Kesimpulan ·········································································· 40 4.2 Saran ··················································································· 41 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ABSTRAK iv Universitas Sumatera Utara BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah Jepang merupakan negara kepulauan yang merupakan negara maju, memiliki kebudayaan yang kaya dan juga modern tanpa melupakan tradisi. Sebagai salah satu negara kuat, baik dalam hal identitas dan kekuatan ekonomi, pengaruh Jepang meluas tidak hanya dalam ruang lingkup industri saja. Melalui jalur perekonomian, Jepang secara tidak langsung mulai menyebarkan pengaruh- pengaruh kebudayaannya dalam masyarakat dunia. Hal ini membuat kebudayaan Jepang mulai menarik minat banyak orang untuk mempelajari dan memahaminya. Keragaman di masyarakat memerlukan sosialisasi dan memerlukan interaksi sesama manusia. Manusia membutuhkan manusia lainnya sebagai pemenuhan kebutuhan lahir maupun batin merupakan salah satu fungsi dari interaksi. Berinteraksi akan menghasilkan suatu tingkah laku dan karakter pada seorang individu. Karakter dan tingkah laku yang diharapkan yakni dalam rangka memenuhi segala kebutuhan untuk mencapai tatanan sosial yang menghormati dan menghargai perbedaan. Menurut Koentjoroningrat (1985: 180) Kebudayaan adalah keseluruhan sistem gagasan, tindakan dan hasil karya manusia dalam rangka kehidupan masyarakat yang dijadikan milik dari manusia dengan belajar. Kebudayaan erat kaitannya dengan antropologi yaitu dasar filosofis yang pembahasannya berkaitan dengan kegiatan manusia secara normatif maupun historis. Masih menurut Koentjaraningrat (1980:193) kebudayaan dalam ilmu Antropologi sebagai keseluruhan sistem gagasan, tindakan dan hasil karya manusia dalam rangka 1 Universitas Sumatera Utara kehidupan masyarakat yang dijadikan milik diri manusia. Salah satu kasus abnormalitas seksual yang terjadi adalah kasus yang sebenarnya banyak terjadi di berbagai negara, termasuk di Jepang, yaitu homoseksual. (http://nicofergiyono.blogspot.co.id/2013/09/masalah-sosial-budaya-tentang.html) Homoseksual seperti dijelaskan oleh Kartono (1978:247) adalah rasa tertarik dan mencintai seseorang yang berjenis kelamin sama. Lingkungan menjadi faktor utama yang membentuk orientasi seksual LGBT. Selain itu, faktor keluarga pun menjadi faktor pendukung membentuk orientasi seksual LGBT. Belum ada penyebab pasti akan penyebab homoseksual, kenyamanan dan keamanan yang dirasakan oleh kaum LGBT di dalam lingkup kelompoknya atau sesama LGBT membuat mereka lebih leluasa dalam melaksanakan aktivitasnya sehari hari. LGBT merupakan sebuah singkatan dari Lesbian , Gay, Bisexual dan Transgender (LGBT= Lesbian (josei no douseiaisha)、Gay (dansei no douseiaisha)、Bisexual (ryouseiaisha), Transgender (seibetsuikou.seidouitsuseishoukai). Adapun pengertian jelasnya yaitu : Lesbian : Orientasi seksual seorang perempuan yang hanya mempunyai hasrat sesama perempuan. Gay : Orientasi seksual seorang pria yang hanya mempunyai hasrat sesama pria. Biseksual : Sebuah orientasi seksual seorang Pria/Wanita yang menyukai dua jenis kelamin baik Pria/Wanita. Transgender : Sebuah Orientasi seksual seorang Pria/Wanita dengan mengidentifikasi dirinya. Pro dan kontra mewarnai adanya kaum LGBT ini. Baik itu dipandang dari sudut agama, sosial, maupun budaya sehingga ketika kaum LGBT akan timbul ke masyarakat terkadang mereka merasa terasingkan dan terdiskriminasi akan sikap masyarakat. Pengucilan atau pendiskriminasian yang dilakukan masyarakat 2 Universitas Sumatera Utara kepada kaum LGBT membuat mereka menutup diri dan tidak mengekspose tentang diri mereka. Pengucilan membuat muncul keberadaan komunitas LGBT dalam masyarakat sulit untuk ditemukan lesbian di ruang publik, seperti dibeberapa klub malam, kafe-kafe, atau acara-acara lesbian, gay, biseksual, dan transgender (LGBT). Namun dengan berkumpulnya orang-orang LGBT ini maka akan muncul pemikiran baru mengenai bagaimana memunculkan diri agar tidak menjadi kaum minoritas (Manaf, 2011). Seidman (2014) mengatakan, sejak tahun 1990an memang kaum homoseksual sudah mengalami kebebasan dan keleluasaan
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