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Vitinord 2012 Lisek [Kompatibilitätsmodus] WINTER HARDINESS, YIELDING AND HEALTHINESS OF PERSPECTIVE GRAPEVINE GENOTYPES IN CENTRAL POLAND Jerzy Lisek [email protected], tel. +48 46 83 45 234 Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland VitiNord Neubrandenburg/Szczecin 28.11 – 1.12. 2012 Programme of presentation Introduction – grape growing in Poland Grape collection in Skierniewice Methods of genotypes evaluation Results Grape growing in Poland Present acreage of commercial vineyards in Poland is estimated at 500 ha. Most grapevines are grown for production of wine. Wine introduced into market may be produced from grapes of cultivars classified as wine cultivars in at least one EU country which has a national register of cultivars The aims of the collection gathering and preservation of grape diversity including cultivars breeded in Poland: preliminary cultivar assessment; Localization of collection: Skierniewice, Central Poland Neubrandenburg Skierniewice Skierniewice latitude 51 o 57’ N, longitude 20 o 08’ E Climatic conditions of Skierniewice Frosty winters : –31.6 oC (23.01.2006); –23.0 oC (6.01.2009); –28.1 oC (26.01.2010); –23.3 oC (03.02.2012 – without snow) SAT (sum of active temperatures) average 2550 oC; Varied from 2420 oC (2010) to 2920 oC (2006) Precipitation during the year: 600 mm Irregular precipitation (July of 2011: 262.5 mm) Spring frosts Climate of central Poland is temperate but variable: intermediate between maritime and continental Characteristics of grape collection in Skierniewice Localization : Pomological Orchard Flat area, podsolic soil Year of establishment: 1992 (new cultivars systematically planted) Number of collected genotypes: 276 (spring 2012) Vines planted at spacing of 2.5 x 1 m Training of bushes: low head with spur pruning Each genotype represented by 3 plants Characteristics of grape collection in Skierniewice (2) Fungal diseases control: two treatments a year with fungicides containing mancozeb (copper) and sulphur, in humid years – 1-2 additional treatments with other fungicides (e.g. piraclostrobin + boscalid) Young and susceptible bushes are covered for winter annually Estimated functional features Course of phenological phases Winter hardiness of vines, especially buds (assessment on uncovered plant parts) Susceptibility to fungal diseases Downy mildew Powdery mildew Excoriose Grey mould Yielding: fertility of bushes, weight of clusters and berries, time of ripening, soluble solids content and taste of fruits Results of assessment Valuable cultivars for commercial vineyards in Poland (registered for wine making in EU countries) French-american hybrids – productive, sufficient tolerance to frost and fungal diseases Leon Millot Seyval Marechal Foch Interspecific hybrids very early or early time Solaris of ripening; high content of soluble solids; good fertility; medium frost tolerance (– 25 oC); medium or high tolerance to fungal diseases (grey mould, powdery mildew) early time of ripening (needs two harvests in some years); Phoenix interesting must aroma (muscat and tropical fruits); moderate to good fertility; low frost tolerance (– 20 oC); medium tolerance to fungal diseases (late powdery mildew; grey mould) mid-season time of Merzling ripening; good fertility; spicy fruit aroma; medium frost tolerance (worse than Seyval); medium tolerance to fungal diseases (grey mould) Johanniter mid-season to late time of ripening; good fertility; medium frost tolerance; medium or high tolerance to fungal diseases (grey mould) Orion late time of ripening; good fertility; low frost tolerance; medium to high tolerance to fungal diseases Hibernal late time of ripening; medium or good fertility; interesting must aroma (resin); high frost tolerance (– 28 oC); medium tolerance to fungal diseases Sibera late time of ripening; good fertility; high frost tolerance (better than Seyval); medium tolerance to fungal diseases (powdery mildew) Saphira late time of ripening; good fertility; high frost tolerance; medium to high tolerance to fungal diseases (excoriose) Helios late time of ripening; good fertility; medium frost tolerance; medium to high tolerance to fungal diseases Bianca late time of ripening; good fertility; medium frost tolerance; medium tolerance to fungal diseases (powdery mildew, grey mould, excoriose) Hungarian interpespecific hybrids Medina Viktoria gyongye Nero Regent mid-season ripening; very productive; good yield after spring frosts; medium frost tolerance; medium or high tolerance to fungal diseases (excoriose) early to mid-season ripening; Rondo very productive (overbear); susceptible to spring frosts; need of intensive summer pruning; medium frost tolerance; medium tolerance to fungal diseases (powdery mildew) Cabernet mid-season ripening; Cortis very productive; medium frost tolerance; medium tolerance to fungal diseases (excoriose, powdery mildew) Reberger early or mid-season ripening; productive; medium frost tolerance; medium to high tolerance to fungal diseases (excoriose) Roesler mid-season to late ripening; moderately productive; medium frost tolerance; medium tolerance to fungal diseases; tendency to break young shoots Rathay mid-season ripening; moderately productive; frost and fungal diseases tolerance worse than Regent and Rondo; Traditional Vitis vinifera cultivars Riesling Pinot Gris Chasselas Dore Pinot Noir AuxerroisAuxerrois V. vinifera cultivars with good frost tolerance (similar to Riesling) Ortega early to mid-season ripening; moderately productive; low tolerance to fungal diseases (powdery and downy mildew) Nektar ( vin ) very early to early ripening; distincly muscat flavour; moderately productive; low tolerance to fungal diseases (powdery and downy mildew) Valuable V. vinifera wine cultivars Siegerrebe (vin) very early to early ripening; moderately productive; muscat flavour; Cszerszegi fueszeres (vin) grape quality similiar to Traminer Rot (muscat, fruit and rose aroma); more productive, less laborious summer pruning, ripening time earlier than Traminer Dornfelder ( vin ) highly fertile; not laborious summer pruning, late ripening time Interspecific hybrids valuable for home made wine (non commercial) and juice French-american hybrids – sufficient tolerance to frost and fungal diseases, productive De Chaunac Baco Noir Aurore Delaware Swenson Red Veeblanc Cayuga White Gołubok (Holubok) Muscat Odesskij Conclusions Interspecific hybrids are more reliable in commercial cultivation and wine production in Central Poland than Vitis vinifera cultivars V. vinifera cultivars can be successfully grown on limited area if covering the bushes for winter and protection against fungal diseases are performed properly Thank You for your attention.
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