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Charakterisierung Der Neuen Rebsorte 'Donauveltliner' ('Klbg. 1979')

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Charakterisierung Der Neuen Rebsorte 'Donauveltliner' ('Klbg. 1979') MITT EILUNGEN KLOSTERNEUBURG 70 (2020): 44-61 REGNER et al. CHARA KTERISIERUNG DER NEUEN REBSORTE 'DONAUVELTLINER' ('KLBG. 1979') Ferdinand Regner, Natascha Trimmel, Cornelia Eisenheld, Robert Hack, Andreas Rockenbauer, Christian Philipp, Stefan Nauer, Erich Ferschl und Christian Eitler HBLA und BA für Wein- und Obstbau Klosterneuburg A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Wiener Straße 74 E-Mail: [email protected] Die Rebsorte 'Donauveltliner' (DV) ist eine für den heimischen Weinbau zuletzt freigegebene Weißweinrebsorte mit erhöhter Pilzwiderstandsfähigkeit (Piwi). Die Sorte stellt eine genetische Kombination von 'Grüner Veltliner' (GV) und der mehltaufesten Sorte 'Seyval blanc' (SB) dar. Die Selektion des Genotyps aus der gewonnenen Popu- lation wurde unter Zuhilfenahme der Beobachtungen in der weinbaulichen Prüfung, der weinsensorischen Qualitä- ten sowie des genetischen Potentiales durchgeführt. Die weinbauliche Prüfung basiert auf jahrelanger Beobachtung zuletzt auch in den verschiedenen Weinbaugebieten. Besonders wurde auf das Ausmaß der Pilzwiderstandsfähigkeit geachtet. Das weinsensorische Potential der Sorte basiert auf der günstigen Zucker/Säure-Relation, den ausbalan- cierten Geschmacksstoff en und den wahrnehmbaren Aromakomponenten. Diese wurden für den 'Donauveltliner' auch im Vergleich zur Elternsorte 'Grüner Veltliner' ermitt elt. Chromosomale Selektion ermöglichte dann, jenen Genotyp auszuwählen, der die meisten Traminer-abstämmigen Allele vererbt bekommen hatt e. Die Rebe wurde bereits registriert und in einigen Bundesländern klassifi ziert. Seit 2018 kann aus der Rebe Rebsortenwein nach dem Weingesetz hergestellt werden. Die weitere Entwicklung der Rebsorte liegt nun vor allem bei den Winzern und deren Verbänden, aber letztendlich hängt der Erfolg von der Akzeptanz durch die Konsumenten ab. Schlagwörter: Neuzüchtung, Piwi, chromosomale Selektion, Aromatik Characterisation of the new grape variety 'Donauveltliner (Klbg.1979)'. Th e grape variety 'Donauveltliner' (DV) is a recently approved white wine grape variety with increased fungus resistance (piwi). Th e variety represents a genetic combination of 'Grüner Veltliner' (GV) with the mildew-resistant variety 'Seyval blanc' (SB). Th e selection of the genotype from the obtained population was carried out with the help of observations in the viticultural exami- nation, the wine sensory qualities and the genetic potential. Th e viticultural examination is based on many years of observation, including the various wine regions. Particular att ention was paid to the extent of fungus resistance. Th e wine sensory potential of the variety is based on the favorable sugar-acid ratio, the balanced fl avors and the notice- able aroma components. Th ese were determined for the 'Donauveltliner' in comparison to the parent variety 'Grü- ner Veltliner'. Chromosomal selection then allowed to select the genotype that had inherited most Traminer-born alleles. Th e vine has already been registered and classifi ed insome federal countries. Since 2018 varietal wine can be produced from the variety according to the Wine Law. Th e further development of the grape variety is now mainly with the winemakers and their associations, but ultimately success depends on customers' acceptance. Keywords: new grapevine variety, fungus resistance (piwi), chromosomal selection, sensory quality --- 44 --- MITT EILUNGEN KLOSTERNEUBURG 70 (2020: 44-61 REGNER et al. Der 'Grüne Veltliner' ist die mit Abstand wichtigste Reb- der Starkwüchsigkeit (Töpfer und Eibach, 2015) sorte für den österreichischen Weinbau. Etwa ein Dritt el weniger geschätzt und daher oft mals auch eliminiert. der Weinbaufl äche ist mit dieser Sorte bestockt. Auch 'Seyval blanc' ist die Sorte, die die Widerstandskraft die Vermarktung der Weine und da vor allem der Ex- gegen den Echten und Falschen Mehltau vererbt hat. port haben sich sehr positiv entwickelt (www.oester- Sie ist eine französische Sorte, die durch zahlreiche Hy- reichwein.at) Trotz dieser Erfolge bereitet die Sorte bridisierungen von Seibl gekennzeichnet ist. Nur der abhängig von der Witt erung regelmäßig Probleme mit letzte Züchtungsschritt wurde vom Betrieb Bertille den Mehltau-Krankheiten (Bauer et al., 2015). In den Seyve und seinem Schwiegervater Victor Villard niederschlagsreicheren Gebieten bereitet die Anfällig- ausgeführt (Zweigelt und Stummer, 1929). 'Seyval keit gegenüber Peronospora Schwierigkeiten, während blanc' wurde häufi g für Kreuzungen verwendet, und so in den pannonisch beeinfl ussten Regionen der Echte haben die Sorten 'Souvignier gris', 'Birstaler Muskat', Mehltau gravierender sein kann. In der biologischen Pro- 'Réselle', 'Merzling', 'Cayuga White', 'Chardonel', 'Me- duktion bedarf es mit dieser Sorte daher eines erhöhten lody', 'La Crosse', 'St. Croix' und 'St. Pepin' diese Ge- Pfl anzenschutzaufwands. Auch die Stabilität der Sorte netik im Stammbaum. Sie hat bis heute weinbauliche während der Blüte, gegenüber hohem Kalkgehalt und Bedeutung in Frankreich, Brasilien, Kanada England, Trockenheit sind nicht vorteilhaft (Regner et al., 2018). Schweiz und USA. In England gehört sie zu den wich- Eine Weiterentwicklung einer Rebsorte durch konventi- tigsten Rebsorten (www.wine-searcher.com), aller- onelle Kreuzung geht aber auf Grund der Heterozygotie dings nimmt sie dort nur eine Fläche von ca. 90 ha ein. der Rebe davon aus, dass eine weitgehend neue Sorte Durch den starken Anstieg biologisch wirtschaft ender entsteht, bei der im günstigen Fall die sensorische As- Betriebe und den Wunsch nach mehr Nachhaltigkeit soziation mit der Elternsorte möglich ist (Töpfer und wird auch die Sortenfrage im Weinbau neu beurteilt Eibach, 2015). Gewünscht wäre ein Typ oder Klon (ICV, 2015). Dabei lässt sich unschwer erkennen, dass der Sorte, der diese Schwächen der Sorte nicht mehr es bei den traditionellen Sorten vor allem Mängel in aufweist. Dies wäre möglicherweise mit molekularen der Stabilität gegenüber Mehltau gibt. Insbesondere Züchtungsmethoden erreichbar, wobei dann die Beibe- Betriebe mit biologischer Produktion interessieren haltung des angestammten Namens rechtlich dennoch sich für Piwi-Sorten (Basler und Scherz, 2011). nicht möglich ist (Malnoy et al., 2016). Jedenfalls wur- Folglich sind in vielen Betrieben Versuche aufgenom- den zahlreiche Züchtungsansätze mit der Sorte 'Grüner men worden, durch die geklärt werden soll, mit wel- Veltliner' verfolgt, jedoch keine der so geschaff enen Sor- chen Sorten in Zukunft der Weinbau betrieben werden ten konnte sich längerfristig etablieren, geschweige denn kann (Jörger et al., 2004). Da schwer abzuschätzen eine namhaft e Verbreitung erreichen. Der 'Donauvelt- ist, welche Geschmacksnuancen beim Konsumenten liner' ist eine sehr junge Rebsorte, die erst 1996 gekreuzt gut angenommen werden, ist der Vergleich mit den El- wurde, und entstammt einer Kombination 'Grüner Velt- ternsorten üblich (Sevenich, 2005). Im vorliegenden liner' × 'Seyval blanc' (Zuchtnummer 1979-10-1-24, Fall wurde die Neuzüchtung mit der Elternsorte 'Grü- Synonym: Klbg 1979) (Abb. 1) Die erstgenannte Sor- ner Veltliner' verglichen. te ist immer die Mutt ersorte, und sie wirkt sich auf die Nachkommenschaft massiver aus (Regner, 2016), da die Chloroplasten-Erbsubstanz im Gegensatz zur Kern- MATERIAL UND METHODEN substanz rein maternal vererbt wird. In diesem Fall wird Die Versuchspfl anzungen von DV betreibt die HBLA auch eine stärkere Annäherung an das weinbauliche und BA für Wein- und Obstbau Klosterneuburg am Bi- Verhalten der Mutt ersorte angestrebt. Außerdem tragen samberg in Langenzersdorf (nordwestlich von Wien) die Chloroplasten wesentlich zur Energieversorgung ei- in der Abteilung Rebenzüchtung (Götzhof) und außer- ner Pfl anze bei (Regner und Hack, 2017). Durch die dem an zahlreichen Standorten in den Weinbaugebie- teilweise Einbringung von Chromosomen anderer Vi- ten Weinviertel, Kamptal, Kremstal, Wagram, Wachau tis-Arten kommt es üblicherweise zu einer Art Hetero- und Th ermenregion. Der Boden der Versuchsfl äche in sis. Genotypen aus einer Population, die diesen Eff ekt Langenzersdorf ist ein Braunerdeboden, verwitt ert aus besonders stark erkennen lassen, werden aber auf Grund Flyschsandstein-Konglomeraten mit mitt lerer Grün- --- 45 --- MITT EILUNGEN KLOSTERNEUBURG 70 (2020): 44-61 REGNER et al. digkeit und ausreichender Nährstoff versorgung. Die Die genetischen Analysen für die chromosomale Selek- Lage ist ein Südhang mit 25 % bis 40 % Steigung. Die tion wurden mit 330 SSR-Markern (Thomas et al., Jahresdurchschnitt stemperatur während der Versuchs- 1993; Bowers et al. 1996; Bowers et al., 1999) ent- jahre betrug 11,3 °C bzw. in der Vegetationszeit 16,8 °C. wickelt. Die VRZAG- Marker (Sefc et al., 1999) und Der Pfl anzenschutz wurde nach biologischen Richtlini- VRG-Marker (Regner et al., 2006) waren selbst aus Vi- en, aber ohne Kupfereinsatz ausgeführt, und es wurden tis riparia entwickelt worden. Die UCH-, VVIP-, VVIV- jeweils drei Applikationen durchgeführt. Der Boden war und restlichen Marker stammen von einem Konsortium standardmäßig begrünt, wurde aber in der Regel zumin- für Rebenmarker (VMC), wobei die Daten unter der dest zweimal umgebrochen, um eine neue Begrünung URL www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov verfügbar sind. einsäen zu können. Die Kultur basiert auf einer ortsüb- Die Aromaanalysen wurden mit GC-SIM-MS-Verfah- lichen Hochkultur-Erziehung mit ca. 90 cm Kordonhö- ren samt Probenvorbereitung für die Analyse von 108 he und einem Streckerschnitt . Der Standraum ist mit 3 fl üchtigen Substanzen durchgeführt. Alle detektierten ×
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